Ngaba Russian ezintsha imfuno? Ewe, nokuba njani!

Russian Ministry of Education lisungule iqonga omtsha "Innovation Space", apho abafundi abenza izifundo zesidanga kunye isidanga baya kunika iiprojekthi zabo, ukunxibelelana kunye izazinzulu ekhokelayo, oosomashishini ubuchwepheshe kunye nabatyali zimali.

Ngapha koko, amandla yesikolo yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe Russian omkhulu. Abaninzi ongandiphikisa koko, wayebhekisela simo kuluhlu lwabadlali ehlabathini, apho ekhokela iiyunivesithi Russian abangekho iindawo kuqala. Kodwa abagxeki thile ukulibala ukuba ezi iiyunivesithi ziyenziwa ikakhulu ngokusekelwe ukupapashwa kwamaphepha zenzululwazi kwiijenali ngamazwe. Ngokusengqiqweni, ukuba magazini epapashwa eUnited States okanye eYurophu, uninzi kwiimpapasho abo amaqela ophando, ezo ngokobume ngakumbi kubo trite bathetha ulwimi olunye. Ngaphandle nje ukuba iijenali ezininzi zobunzululwazi zipapashwe ngqo kwiiyunivesithi. Ngoko ke ezi rankings andinakuze kusetyenziswa ukubonisa ukuba izazinzulu Russian bayakwazi ukuphuhlisa iiteknoloji ezintsha.

Kodwa kwakhona, makhe ukubekela bucala ababengakholwa ezimbononweni engenanto kwaye ujonge izibakala. Ingaba inkampani iye ngeengcambu Russian abathengisa ngempumelelo iimveliso zabo? Ukwenze oko ngaphandle, oko kukuthi ukukhuphisana kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Kwaye nokuba ngcono ukuba ikomkhulu lawo nangoku eRashiya. Kakade ke, ezi nkampani, kukho ezininzi zazo.

ulwazi ikuyo technology

Kwendyebo yasekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-Information Technology ne-IT sele yavuma isihloko "macandelo ezintsha" biotechnology. Kodwa ke, kwelinye icala, oku kuthetha ukuba IT ngoku isungulwe yobuntwana. Nje khangela uludwe imibutho zehlabathi eqolo. Iinkampani imivuzo ngokupheleleyo software, zidibene ne-oyile kunye nezimbiwa zegolide Anaki.

Ngoko ke, imarike information technology, iRussia kwakuhlaziya indawo umdla. Masiqalise nesibakala sokuba eRashiya lelinye lamazwe ezine ehlabathini apho kukho injini yaso yokukhangela, nto leyo eye waphumelela Google. Ngaphezu koko, amazwe 3 nezinye wenze oku ngoncedo lwenkxaso likarhulumente desktop search. Kwaye kuphela Yandex wethu ukhokelwa Arkadiem Volozhem nako ukulwanabo Google kukhuphiswano enobulungisa. Okwangoku, Yandex ngokuzithemba ibamba-60% yemarike wophendlo eRashiya. Emva kokuba aba inkampani yoluntu kunye nezabelo zayo baqalisa ukuba wasebenza kwi istock exchange, ngokuya Yandex ikrwaqula ngendlela amanye amazwe apho isikhundla Google ayikho ndomelele ngenxa yohlobo ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni. Ngokukodwa, oko Turkey, apho Yandex yenziwa kancinane kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo nidle off share lemarike ukususela giant yophendlo.

Kwaye konke oku bekuya kuba nzima ukuba kungekhona ngenxa nakuqeqesho lweenjineli Russian. Ngenxa yokuba search ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le mveliso Osenyangweni-zobugcisa, nto leyo nangoko Wowabuthela onke iimpumelelo naziphi na iinkalo IT. Ukudala umgangatho yokukhangela msebenzi akudingeki elungelelanisiweyo yenani elikhulu leengcali semantics, zezibalo, badwelisi benkqubo, oosonzululwazi ikhompyutha kunye neengcali ekufundeni umatshini. Yaye oko kuyayonakalisa ubala inani elikhulu ngoosonjineli abo ukugcina nokwandisa izibonelelo injini yokuphendla. Yintoni enye kodwa oku kube bubungqina bokuba isikolo yenzululwazi Russian uyakwazi ukukhawulelana nemigangatho iphezulu yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba kukho iprojekthi befanelekile.

Kodwa omnye ngu Yandex Russian IT kakhulu. Kusekho iqela leenkampani ezinkulu Russian ezifana Mail.ru Group okanye Alawar, leyo bakhuphisane ngempumelelo kwimarike zehlabathi.

Kodwa xa kufikwa kwithekhinoloji ngokwenene IT, apha umntu asingekhe silibale inkampani St. Petersburg "Ntetho Technology Iziko", nto leyo iminyaka engama-20 kudala iimveliso ukuba ukuqondwa kunye nentetho yomntu kwaye igqalwa enye yeenkokeli zehlabathi kule emarikeni. Le nkampani yaziwa a kwizangqa ngokungenamkhethe emxinwa, kuba igxininisa kakhulu kulwazi-olunzulu imisebenzi nobunzima kakhulu, ezifana njengosuku lokuqaphela ukubaluleka kweerekhodi ezimashakeleyo okanye yesazisi ngelizwi. Abaxhasi eziphambili "MDG" ezi emkhosini kunye neenkampani ezinkulu.

Obunye ubungqina kweziqinisekiso zesikolo sethu lwezenzululwazi inkampani "Solutions abanengqi-", nto leyo iminyaka emithathu sele ikhule ukusuka iqela abathanda ukuba iqela ka 90 Uphuhliso lobungcali iimveliso ezintsha. Bona benza kubuchwepheshe data big kwinqanaba lehlabathi, ngokusebenzisana lwazi ephambili eRashiya naseYurophu.

Ukuba ucinga ntoni "intsimbi 'ecaleni IT, kuya kuba ezifanelwe" PMT "yaye" Incom ". Eyokuqala phakathi abavelisi ezilishumi likhulu iimveliso mikroohlazhdayuschey thermoelectric ehlabathini. A yesibini uvelisa ngempumelelo yaye liphumeza iinkqubo zokhuseleko olumanyanisiweyo monitringa.

Ukongeza, kukho inani elikhulu leenkampani ezincinane ezenza iimveliso zabo encinane close zehlabathi, okanye enye azalisekise odolo abathengi evela ehlabathini lonke. Kunye badwelisi benkqubo Russian baqonde kulo lonke ihlabathi ngenxa umsebenzi osemgangathweni olungileyo, ngokungafaniyo umzekelo, ukusuka amaNdiya, nisamkele ixabiso eliphantsi kuphela.

Nokwakheka esihle endala

Ukuba uyayeka ukuba uthobekile, isikolo yenzululwazi yiSoviet Yayi ngamaxhesha ehlabathini. Inani elikhulu kunye ezifunyaniswe angundoqo kunye izicelo zabo, nto leyo kumiselwa uphuhliso inzululwazi kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwenziwe eSoviet Union. Kwaye naphezu kwazo zonke iinkathazo, phezu kwesi siseko lakhula kwiinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu kunye ngempumelelo izinto ezintsha.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ke "SPE" iinkqubo laser 'iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ezisebenza ngempumelelo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ubugcisa eziphakamileyo. "Laser Systems" qala ezintsha izisombululo zokhuseleko, eziphilayo, amayeza, isithuba kwaye uthengisa iimveliso zayo ngempumelelo ehlabathini lonke. Le ndawo yokulandelela kunye nokuchonga iinkqubo, iinkqubo mobile iliso esingqongileyo, ukhuseleko zeenqwelomoya singqonga, laser eziphakamileyo-amandla, kwakunye iinkqubo zokhuseleko kunye nolawulo lokungena ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi iiprojekthi ezizodwa - wokuqala ehlabathini Alkolazer ukuze ngokuzimisela elikude umphunga utywala ngaphakathi isithuthi kunye onefuthe ngayo imizila neziqhushumbisi kunye Narcotics X-tracer.

Enye inkampani, "Diakont" eyenzeke iinkqubo umkhondo ne ukuxhathisa radiation eliphezulu. Kwanele ukuba bathi American General Electric ngoku kuxhotyiswe imveliso amandla alo "Diakont". Sele ngaphezu kwesiqingatha US bakaRafa amandla amandla esweni usebenzisa izixhobo yenkampani Russian. Ngaphandle Electric Jikelele phakathi kubathengi: i-American Westinghouse, France i-Areva kunye Electricite de France (France), i-Fortum Finnish (Finland), yethu "," Rosenergoatom ". Kakade ke, "Diakont", gqolo ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezitsha ukuba amandla enyukliya.

Young kunye biotechnology noko amnye ebantwini

Russia akuthethi barhuqe emva nkqu kwicandelo abatsha ngokukhawuleza-likhula - biotechnology.

Iintsingiselo ezininzi nendlela kunye biotech - ngentando Medicine kunye amalungiselelo ngokusekelwe ubugcisa zeselula, iimfuzo post-genomic bethatha asakhasayo kwi "Institute of iiseli stem zabantu." Le nkampani ukuphuhlisa ukususela ngo-2003 yaye ngo-2009 waze ngempumelelo yoluntu. Imisebenzi HSCI siquka iinkalo ezintlanu eziphambili ubugcisa GCP mihla: amayeza okungenisa, bioinsurance, imfuza zonyango, ngezakhi zofuzo, biopharmaceuticals (phantsi kwe "SynBio" inkqubo lobulungu ngamazwe). HSCI ingumnini bhanki inkulu eRashiya yokugcina lobuqu Gemabank® ibangelwa iiseli igazi imfesane yosana, kwakunye njengebhanki leeseli zabantu lokuzala - Reprobank® (personal zokugcina / donation). Le nkampani Ihlela rhoqo iiforam kunye koomasifundisane uphuhliso loluntu yezenzululwazi Russia lezazinzulu.

Ezinye icala nobuchwepheshe bezonyango: imveliso izixhobo zonyango kunye yezemithi, kukho abalimi Russian ukuze kuxhotyiswe ngempumelelo zonke izixhobo Russian amayeza umgangatho diagnostic kunye namayeza, athe eqinisekisiweyo ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Rhoqo ulwakhiwo lokuphucula amayeza amatsha kunye nezixhobo yoxilongo ezinceda amagqirha iimpawu sangaphambili kwaye ndibaphathe kakuhle ngakumbi.

Kukho iingxaki, kodwa ingasombululwa

Kakade ke, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla akuthethi ukuba inzululwazi Russian ongenayo iingxaki. Ba, kwakunye kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ke enye le ibalulekileyo ngoku ezinye Kudidekiwe zezazinzulu ulutsha ekuzameni commercialize uphando lwabo. Ukuze wenze oku, ukubaleka eqongeni kunye "ezintsha isithuba" - ukuba umbhali ngamnye uphuhliso oluthembisayo ukuqonda ngokucacileyo into ukukwenza elandelayo, ndinganayo icebiso oonjingalwazi ihloniphekile, oosomashishini ubugcisa ngempumelelo kunye nabatyali zimali.