Impembelelo radiation magnetic abantu. Imithombo kwiipropati radiation electromagnetic

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa kuphuhliso lobugcisa umzimba womntu ubethwa kumanqanaba aphezulu ukuphefumla kwemitha magnetic (EMR), ezingenakulinganiswa kodwa kubangela inkxalabo kakhulu ehlabathini lonke.

Yintoni ifuthe radiation magnetic kwi eziphilayo? neziphumo zazo zixhomekeke kudidi apho kwimitha - ionizing okanye hayi - ahlobene. Uhlobo wokuqala lamandla eliphezulu, esisebenza atom iiseli kwaye ikhokelela utshintsho kwi imeko yazo yendalo. Inokubulala, njengoko ibangela umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo. Imisebe non-ionizing ziquka radiation magnetic ngohlobo amaza erediyo, imitha microwave eguquguqukayo zombane. Nangona isakhiwo atom ayikwazi ukutshintsha, kodwa ifuthe layo kunokukhokelela nemiphumo vuhlayiseki.

Le ngozi engabonakali

Zincwadi ezincwadini zesayensi ziye yaphakamisa umbuzo neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kubantu ngabantu nakuluntu radiation liphela, EMF non-ionizing kumandla, izixhobo zombane kunye ezingenazingcingo ekhaya eziphuma, emsebenzini, kumaziko emfundo kunye nezentlalo. Nangona imingeni emininzi ekumiseleni ubungqina obaneleyo yenzululwazi ingozi kunye nezithuba elucidating indlela ngqo isicelo yayo, uhlalutyo lwesifundo sendyikitya indlela lidiza ngakumbi yeziphumo elula traumatic eziveliswa radiation non-ionizing. Ukhuseleko ngokuchasene radiation magnetic iye ibaluleka.

Ngenxa yokuba imfundo lonyango akugxininisi nemeko yokusingqongileyo, abanye oogqirha azikho ngokupheleleyo ulumkele iingxaki zempilo kunokwenzeka ukuba sizibandakanya EMR, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, wabonakala ngenxa radiation non-ionizing ukuze ngoxilongo engeyiyo phantsi kunyango angasebenzi.

Ukuba kungenzeka umonakalo ancedisana iiseli ezinxulumene sesichengeni-X-reyi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, isiphumo radiation magnetic kwi eziphilayo xa bavela imigca ngamandla, cell phones, izixhobo zombane kunye nezinye matshini kuphela kuqala ukutsala ingqalelo xa kuqwalselwa amakhono usongo zempilo.

spectrum magnetic

radiation Non-ionizing ibhekisa kudidi lwamandla ephuma okanye imitha kude ngaphaya umthombo wayo. amandla radiation magnetic ikhona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngamnye kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Zibe zinokubaleka necaciswa ngokwemiqathango frequency okanye okukhanya. Ezinye amaza kuba asetyenziswa kakhulu, omnye - phakathi nowesithathu - a elisezantsi. kagesi uluhlu radiation iquka iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zamandla evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. igama labo isetyenziselwa ukuhlelwa udidi lwemitha electromagnetic.

Ubude elifutshane kwimitha magnetic esilingana frequency ephakamileyo uphawu gamma,-X-reyi kwaye yelanga. Okunye njalo spectrum ziquka iimayikhroweyivi kunye namaza erediyo. isidoda Ukukhanya fanele kwicandelo phakathi spectrum radiation magnetic, inikeza umbono oluqhelekileyo kwaye ukukhanya ukuba akukhathalwa. amandla Infrared unoxanduva imbono yomntu efudumeleyo.

iintlobo ezininzi zamandla, ezifana-X-reyi, ukukhanya yelanga, yaye amaza erediyo ezingabonakaliyo kwaye imperceptible ngabantu. Kuba ifunyanwe zemilinganiselo radiation magnetic iyafuneka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa, yaye ngenxa yoko, abantu abakwazi nokuvavanya ifuthe kwamabala amandla kwezi zibe.

Nangona isilela mbono, isiphumo lwamandla oluvela rhoqo, kuquka-x-reyi, ebizwa ionizing enobungozi iiseli zabantu. Ngokuguqula ukwakheka atom kwezakhiwo iseli, ngokwaphula iibhondi yemichiza ngokuphembelela ukuyilwa radicals ezamahala, nemiphumo eyaneleyo radiation ionizing zingonakalisa ikhowudi yezofuzo kwi-DNA okanye bandiqumbise ukuguquka, ngaleyo ndlela kwande umngcipheko neoplasms linobuhlungu okanye ukufa kweeseli.

anthropogenic EMR

Impembelelo radiation magnetic emzimbeni, ingakumbi non-ionizing, leyo kuthiwa uhlobo lwamandla ezitsho asezantsi, izazinzulu ezininzi phantsi. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba uvelisa akukho isiphumo esibi phantsi kumanqanaba eziqhelekileyo sesichengeni. Kutshanje, Noko ke, kukho ubungqina obandayo ukucebisa ukuba ezinye rhoqo radiation non-ionizing kungadala imisebenzi ukuzisa umonakalo eziphilayo. Uninzi lophononongo yeziphumo empilo achaphazelekayo iintlobo EMR anthropogenic ezintathu iphambili ilandelayo:

• uluhlu esezantsi kwimitha magnetic evela imigca ngamandla, zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane;
• microwave kunye amaza erediyo kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano wireless ezifana neeselula, iinqaba iseli, eriyali, kunye kamabonakude iinqaba;
• Ungcoliseko yombane ngenxa ukusebenza kweentlobo ezithile izixhobo (umz, iTV plasma, ezinye izixhobo, Motors, isantya bume, njalo njalo ukonga umbane-. d.) iimpawu ezivelisa, amaza kwimitha magnetic leyo ngaphakathi kuluhlu 3-150 kHz (kwasasazwa kunye nokufakelwa reradiated).

Le imisinga emhlabeni, maxa wambi ebizwa eziphekuziweyo, iingcingo zingaphelelanga. Zangoku yhuu behamba endleleni ezilu- kwaye kudlula nayiphi na indlela ekhoyo, kubandakanywa emhlabeni, loo ucingo izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngako oko, le ombane kananjalo ayihambi ngokusebenzisa emhlabeni kunye zokwakha izakhiwo ngamanzi okanye lwemijelo imibhobho sisinyithi, apho imitha non-ionizing engena-bume engqongileyo.

EMR nempilo

Nangona izifundo ehlola neziphumo elibi radiation magnetic, maxa wambi wanika iziphumo eziphikisanayo, isifo kwekhono yenzala, kunye ukuthambekela umhlaza, kubonakala ukuba uqinisekise i urhano lokuba sesichengeni EMF inokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. iziphumo zokukhulelwa ezinzima, kuquka kwesisu, ifile, ukunikezelwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ukutshintsha umlinganiselo ngesondo, kunye mgaqweni iziphene - kwaba ngenxa kwimpembelelo radiation magnetic kwi unina.

Kuphononongo enkulu kuba, epapashwe kwiphephancwadi "Epidemiology", umzekelo, ingxelo nefuthe incopho EMR kubafazi abakhulelweyo 1063 kummandla San Francisco. Izifundo enxibe detectors Imagnethi yomhlaba, yaye izazinzulu ziye zafumana ukwanda mpela kwabo lokusweleka ezingekazalwa kunye ukwandisa inqanaba sesichengeni ubuninzi ku EMF.

EMR kwakunye nomhlaza

izityholo ziye aphandwa ukuba sesichengeni onzulu ezitsho ezithile radiation magnetic kunokuba umhlaza. Umzekelo, "International Journal of Cancer," ezipapashwe kutshanje uphando ebalulekileyo kwi "kwimeko-control" kwi ubudlelwane phakathi ileukemia kobuntwana kunye namasimi ngemagnethi eJapan. Ukuhlola umgangatho radiation magnetic kwi okulala, izazinzulu baqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu sesichengeni kukhokelela kumngcipheko kakhulu enkulu wegazi ebuntwaneni sifo.

neziphumo ezibonakalayo engqondweni

Abantu abane hypersensitivity magnetic badla ubunzima kukungondleki, nto leyo enokuchaphazela nayiphi na ilungu lomzimba, kubandakanywa nenkqubo luvo, musculoskeletal, emathunjini, kunye neenkqubo yonyango. Ezi mpawu badla kunokubangela uxinezeleko ngokusisigxina ngokwasengqondweni, kwaye ningoyiki ukuze bawe phantsi yesenzo radiation electromagnetic. izigulane abaninzi ogula kwi ingcinga nje ukuba engenazintambo ezingabonakaliyo nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye nayiphi na indawo kunokubangela ubuhlungu emzimbeni zabo. Ukoyika rhoqo kunye nenkxalabo malunga neengxaki zempilo ezichaphazela intlalo-ntle de uphuhliso ukucalulwa kunye nokoyika umbane, abanye umnxeba umnqweno ushiye impucuko.

Pop kwezoqhakamshelwano

Pop ukukhupha nowamkela imiqondiso nge-EMF ukuba ako ngokungaphelelanga ngabasebenzisi babo. Njengoko ezi imithombo radiation magnetic zidla zibekwe kufutshane entloko, lo msebenzi osemqoka kuye kwakhokelela inkxalabo malunga ngegalelo elingenzeka ezingalunganga yokusebenzisa impilo yabantu.

Enye ingxaki extrapolating iziphumo ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwizifundo zovavanyo namabuzi kukuba nezihlandlo ukufakwa ubuninzi ngamandla eRF avela kuxhomekeke kubungakanani emzimbeni, imilo wayo, zokuqhelaniswa nesikhundla.

Intlokoma ukufakwa kwi nempuku kuwo microwave nokusebenza ezitsho mobile phone ezisetyenziswa amalinge (0.5 ukuya 3 GHz) Uluhlu, kodwa kwisikali umzimba womntu, oko kwenzeka 100 MHz. Lo mba nga kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kubalwa pamo wendele, kodwa lizisa ingxaki kwabo izifundo apho ukuqinisekisa inqanaba exposure kusetyenziswa kuphela amandla yentsimi lwangaphandle.

Ubunzulu Ukungena zibe izilwanyana zaselebhu kuthelekiswa ubungakanani entlokweni yomntu enkulu, kunye nemida zeethishu kunye nendlela nobushushu ngokutsha zahlukile. Omnye umthombo okunokwenzeka inaccuracy kwinqanaba yokungakhuseleki yokuvela sokuquqa kwerediyo radiation kwiseli.

Isenzo kwimitha ophezulu abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo

imigca Power with ombane ngaphezu kwe-100 kV - imithombo kakhulu onamandla radiation electromagnetic. Study yeziphumo radiation kwi abasebenzi abangamachule iqale ekuqaleni zolwakhiwo 220 kV umgca transmission yokuqala, xa kwakukho amatyala kukwehla nempilo yabasebenzi. Wayethuma imigca kV amandla 400 kwakhokelela ukupapashwa imisebenzi emininzi kule ndawo ukuba wayeza kuba sisiseko ukwenziwa kwale mimiselo zokuqala umda isenzo of 50-Hz endle yombane.

imigca Power kunye lombane 500 kV kuba nefuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo ngohlobo:

• electric frequency entsimini 50 Hz;
• radiation benza corona ;
• sokuquqa amandla emasimini ngemagnethi.

EMFs nenkqubo luvo

isithintelo Mammalian Ubuchopho iiseli endothelial, ezinxulumene ne uvala iindawo kunye pericytes kunye matrix extracellular eziyingqongileyo. Kuyanceda ukugcina extracellular bume ezinzileyo kakhulu eziyimfuneko ukuze transmission oluchanileyo zobuchopho kwaye ikhusela izihlunu luvo umonakalo. Luyanda permeability yayo ephantsi iimolekyuli esibamba wamwisela kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo.

lobushushu Ambient kakhulu imida thermoregulation ezanyisayo, lwandisa permeability ye njengomqobo igazi-zobuchopho ngenxa macromolecules. izinga albumin Neuronal kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo ingqondo ixhomekeke kwithempritsha yayo kunye indyebo yalo kuboniswe 1 ° C nangaphezulu. Ekubeni a amasimi engenamandla ngokwaneleyo RF kunokubangela ubushushu ancedisana, kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba ifuthe radiation magnetic kwiziphumo abangabantu ukwanda permeability ye njengomqobo segazi lobuchopho.

EMF kunye nokulala

Uluhlu eliphezulu radiation magnetic ngandlela ezinye ubuthongo. Le ndaba iye yaba engxamisekileyo ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka izikhalazo ukuphazamiseka zokulala okhankanywe ebonisa abantu abakholelwa ukuba usethubeni lokuba EMR. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuqashisela ukuba amasimi umoya nga ukuphazamisa eliqhelekileyo ubuthongo kunye neziphumo zempilo. Umngcipheko ezinokwenzeka zokulala kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngenxa yokuba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu yemvelo, nelawulwa yi-nkqubo luvo. Nangona iindlela ngqo neurobiological ziye iye ayasekwa, alternation rhoqo ithi uphaphama kunye ukuphumla kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza oluchanekileyo ingqondo, homeostasis metabolic kunye amajoni omzimba.

Ukongeza, ukulala kubonakala ukuba ncam inkqubo komzimba, nto leyo eza kuvumela isifundo ukufumana isiphumo radiation magnetic kwi aqhelelkileyo oluntu, njengoko kule meko ngokobugcisa umzimba ethe kakhulu ezenzeka ngaphandle. Kukho ubungqina bokuba EMF ababuthathaka, ubunzulu apho lingaphantsi kakhulu ngaphezu koko apho iqondo lobushushu ukunyuka Inokwenzeka, nako kunokubangela iziphumo eziphilayo.

Okwangoku, izifundo isiphumo oluvela rhoqo non-ionizing EMR lokwenene umngcipheko umhlaza, ngenxa iinkxalabo malunga iimpawu umhlaza ze ionizing radiation.

emibi

Ngoko ke, impembelelo radiation magnetic phezu kwabantu, nokuba non-ionizing, livela, ingakumbi kwimeko imigca amandla ombane aphezulu kunye nesiphumo corona. izenzo microwave radiation phezu iinkqubo luvo, sentliziyo, omzimba nezenzala, kubandakanywa ebangela umonakalo luvo, ukutshintsha indlela yayo, EEG, umqobo igazi-ingqondo, ebangela ukuphula izingqisho lomzimba (emaqandeni - ukulala) ngu uphazamiseko kwi ingaba pineal nokudala ukungalingani hormone, isantya sentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, zisiba sifo ukuba ngamagciwane, zibangela ukutyhafa, ukudinwa, iingxaki ukukhula, umonakalo DNA kunye nomhlaza.

Kuyanconywa ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo kude kumthombo EMI, kwaye kwimitha magnetic eliphezulu-ombane transmission ukhuseleko umgca kufuneka kwenziwe. Kule mizi, iintambo mawubekwe komhlaba, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ukuba yokungenelela radiation electromagnetic.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo unxulumano ngokususela kwidatha zovavanyo, kwisigqibo sokuba kakhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo radiation magnetic kwi human zothumelo amandla elayini kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kunciphisa umgama SAG ngcingo ukuba kukhokelela ekwandeni umgama phakathi komgca conductive nencopho lokulinganisa. Ngaphezu koko, lo mgama kwakhona abachatshazelwa imizila phantsi imigca ngamandla.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Umbane indima ebalulekileyo kubomi banamhlanje. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-EMR uya kuhlala phakathi kwethu. Kwaye ukuze EMI wenza lula ubomi bethu, hayi mfutshane, kufuneka ulandele amanye amanyathelo:

• Musa ukuvumela abantwana badlale kufuphi iintambo zombane, abaguquli, zidlulisele satellite kunye nemithombo microwave radiation.
• Ziphephe iindawo apho lexinene obhobhozayo magnetic bungaphezulu kwe-1 mg. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ube kumgangatho kwezixhobo EMF kwaye iyasebenza.
• Kuyimfuneko ukuba enze lobeko e-ofisini yakho okanye ukude nekhaya ukuze singabi ukuba phantsi isenzo yentsimi kwezixhobo zombane kunye neekhompyutha.
• Awukwazi ukuhlala kufutshane kakhulu kwi computer. Monitors zinokwahluka kakhulu amandla EMR yabo. Akufunekanga ukuba esebenza microwave.
• Yisa izixhobo zombane weemitha ezi-2 ubuncinane kuloo mandlalo. Asinako ukuvumela ubukho iintambo phantsi kwebhedi. Ukuncothula dimmers isitshixo 3 isikhundla-.
• Amanyathelo ekufuneka ethathiwe xa usebenzisa izixhobo ezingenazingcingo ezifana kunye nebrashi zokuhlamba amazinyo zombane, iireyiza.
• Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba ukunxiba izivatho kancinci kangangoko kwaye susa ebusuku.
• Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba EMR ucanda iindonga, uthabathe ingqalelo imithombo kwigumbi elandelayo okanye iindonga igumbi.