Izigaba mitosis: iimpawu zazo. Intsingiselo yokwahlukana cell mitotic

Umjikelo iseli - ixesha ukusuka kwenye division kwiseli ukuya elilandelayo. Kuthatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba ezibini ezilandelelanayo - interphase kunye kwicandelo elifanelekileyo. Ngethuba lokuqhuba kwale nkqubo kwahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo iiseli.

Interphase ixesha phakathi kwamacandelo iseli ezimbini, ixesha ukusuka candelo lokugqibela iseli ukufa okanye ukulahleka ubuchule uqhekeko.

Kweli xesha, iseli luyakhula kwaye kabini DNA wayo, kwakunye mitochondria kunye plastids. Xa interphase udlula iproteni yokuqaphela , kunye nezinye organic. Inkqubo kakhulu ngokunzima kuyondelelaniswe kuboniswa Synthesis interphase. Ngeli xesha, chromatids zenyukliya kabini, igcinwa amandla eziya kusetyenziswa ngexesha candelo. Kwakhona, liyanda inani organelles iseli kunye centrioles.

Interphase ohlala phantse 90% komjikelo cell. Emva kokuba sidlule mitosis, leyo yeyona ndlela iphambili nokwahlukana kweeseli eukaryotic (eziphilayo abo iiseli ziqulathe nucleus kwakheka).

Xa mitosis, le zofuzo incitshisiwe, ebumba isixhobo okhethekileyo, elinoxanduva usasazo efanayo inkcazelo yemfuza phakathi iiseli ukuba akhiwa ngale nkqubo.

division Cell kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela. nqanaba mitotic lubonakala ngeempawu ngamnye kunye nexesha elithile.

Izigaba mitosis

Xa iiseli baye mitosis ehambelana izigaba mitosis: prophase, metaphase emva kwayo, anaphase, telophase sesokugqibela.

isigaba mitotic lubonakala mpawu zilandelayo:

• prophase - shwaka imvulophu yenyukliya. Kwesi sigaba, centrioles diverge kwiipali esiseleni kunye zofuzo incitshisiwe (zilinganisiwe);
• metaphase - Sebenzisa luphawulwa zofuzo kakhulu ubunjwe ukuba iqanjwa chromatids ezimbini kwi-ikhweyitha (phakathi) iseli. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba imbasa metaphase. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukuhlola zofuzo ngemicroscope ziboniswa kakuhle. Xa metaphase of mitosis kwenzeka GnuPG enye isiphelo imisonto yokusonta ukuya centromeres zofuzo kwelinye - ukuya centrioles.
• anaphase - ziboniswa ukungcola ye zofuzo kwi chromatids (bathi saa kwiipali ezahlukeneyo). Ngoko chromatids baba zofuzo ezahlukeneyo, enamakhulu ngemisonto chromatid mnye kuphela;
• telophase - zofuzo decondensation esibonakala kwaye ukuyilwa ngeenxa chromosome ngalinye imvulophu entsha zenyukliya. olulingana othini shwaka kwi ngumongo kuvela nucleoli. Xa telophase kunye cytokinesis Ezingxingweni, nto leyo iCandelo kukho icytoplasm phakathi iiseli intombi. Le nkqubo yenziwa izilwanyana ngenxa cleavage ifolo ekhethekileyo (esinqeni, leyo yahlula iseli kubini). Xa plant cells inkqubo cytokinesis yeseli ipleyiti banikwe enezakhiwo Golgi.

Yintoni intsingiselo bemvelo yenkqubo mitosis?

Izigaba mitosis lula ukudluliselwa echanekileyo yolwazi yemfuza kwiiseli intombi, nokuba inani amaqela. Ngoko ke elowo kubo wamkela chromatid kunceda ukugcina ukuvumelana inani zofuzo zonke iiseli enziwa ngokwahlula. Inika nokudlulisela mitosis iseti okuzinzileyo genetic material.