Denisovan. ufuzo denisovan

uhlobo Human, imvelaphi yomntu - nantso into Iyandonwabisa abantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi kunye neengcamango. Izazinzulu ukuqhuba uphando, ezama ukufumana iimpendulo kuzo zonke imibuzo. Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uza kufunda ngenye zenyathi abantu bamandulo extinct.

Denisovan okanye denisovets okuthiwa olwalukho Soloneshensky District zeAltai Krai kufuphi Denisova Irholo. Ubungqina soku afumaneka ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo kwaye ngokwemaleko ezahlukeneyo emqolombeni.

Okwangoku, lafumana iziqwenga ezintlanu kuphela, lets intetho malunga denisovan. Noko ke, le mizila kude akwanelanga ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo inkangeleko yayo. Noko ke, amaqhekeza bafumana ngokwaneleyo ukuphikisa ukuba iintsalela yendoda ezahlukeneyo evela kwintsalela Homo sapiens, kwakunye kumabhodlo Neanderthal.

Denisova umqolomba

Le emqolombeni sikhumbuzo ithandwa kakhulu yakudala, leyo ndoqhayisa besekhaya. Denisovan waphila apha, neekhilomitha ezingama-250 ukusuka kwisixeko Biisk. Emqolombeni mkhulu kakhulu, ummandla m² 270.

Le kufuphi zokuhlala bobabo uhlobo tyaba, ezitsala inani elikhulu labakhenkethi. Noko ke, apha kakhulu kukho zakudala, umsebenzi onzima esekhona kwakhokelela yoko.

Ngokutsho kweziphumo zophando kwiingcamba asezantsi emqolombeni, ogama ubudala malunga 120 iminyaka eliwaka, kwafunyanwa izixhobo zamatye ngokombingeleli, kwakunye ezidibene Indoda yakudala, awathi kananjalo wabathiya elokuba Denisovskoe.

Imvuthuluka denisovan uhlala

Ngexesha ubukho urhulumente waseSoviet imihlathi emithathu afunyanwa ubukhulu kakhulu ngaphezu amazinyo kwabantu efanelekileyo. Ngokutsho uviwo, ngabam ngumntu oyindoda umntu ndisemncinane. Kwakhona kwafunyanwa i yokuhlasela isiqwengana, uhlalutyo i element lwenziwa kude kube ngoku.

bone yokuhlasela baby finger - Ngelo xesha kamva, elinye isiqalelo yafunyanwa ngo-2008.

ufuzo denisovan

Iziqwenga ezifunyanwa denisovan yokuhlasela kufundwe iqela Leipzig Institute for izazinzulu kwemvelo uLungiselelo. Uphononongo lwabonisa ukuba DNA ayo denisovan ezahlukeneyo ukusuka DNA ayo ka-Homo sapiens kwi 385 nucleotide. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba genome Neanderthal wahlukile genome ka-Homo sapiens 202 nucleotides.

ngokusondeleyo kakhulu Denisovan ezinxulumene Bamandulo Phaya ngaphandle ukuya umntu elifanelekileyo. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba yofuzo ziye afumaneka baseMelanesia, yaye oko kusenza ukuba bathethe malunga mass ekudibaneni yabantu ngexesha xa baseMelanesia yavela Afrika bafudukela ukuya ngasemazantsi-mpuma.

inzala denisovan

Ngokutsho izifundo, denisovan ezahlulwe njenge zenyathi nama-400-800 engamawaka eyadlulayo. Namhlanje, isifundo efumaneka Denisova Cave iziqwenga kukuvumela ukuba ufumane yemfuza yayo iintlanga ezininzi mihla. Umzekelo, uninzi efanayo izinto ezifumaneka abemi amazwe mpuma Asia nakumazantsi China, nangona yokuba imizila afumaneka aba bantu bamandulo eSiberia.

Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba igama zenyathi abantu nya, kwakunye umntu Neanderthal, wadlula zofuzo abemi baseYurophu ukuba amajoni omzimba. Ngenxa yale isiphumo Kwakhona oko wayekwazi ukwenza imodeli yekhompyutha ebonisa indlela yokufuduka yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo iminyanya nabantu kunye neendawo zeentlanganiso zabo denisovtsami.

Izazinzulu e Sweden bathi ukufumana imizila denisovan kunokwenzeka ngokuthelekisa iziphumo DNA kunye DNA abantu mihla.

Emva uthelekiso ingcaciso efunyenweyo njengoko ukufana denisovtsa nomntu mihla, yaye malunga ntelekiso efunyenweyo kwi Neanderthal kunye denisovtsa. Kwakhona, siye safumanisa ukuba genes denisovan equlethwe genotypes abantu sokubandakanyeka abantu yolwandle and non-Afrika.

Sebenza e Harvard Medical School

Ngokutsho uphando eHarvard Medical School, denisovtsy kakhulu ezikude abantu mihla ngaphezu Neandertals, nangona ekuqaleni baye ingqalelo abazala. Kwaye kwacingwa ukuba Bamandulo Phaya kwaye denisovtsy ezahlukeneyo ngokulinganayo ukusuka Homo sapiens. Nangona kunjalo, lo Isazinzulu Harvard uDavide Empire waba asinakuyikhanyela loo nto.

Noko ke, ISAZINZULU wathi lo mahluko kungachazwa kukuba denisovtsy interbred oluneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabantu bamandulo.

Ingongoma umbono lo sisazinzulu German Iogannesa Krauze

zofuzo German Johannes Krause of the University of Tübingen ingqalelo ukuba ngoyaba amaqhekeza ezifumaneka kuyo nayiphi na imeko engenakwenzeka. Ekunye noogxa bakhe Scientist efunda gene denisovan ubukho imizila ziyazalana. Isibakala sokuba denisovtsa amazinyo afumaneka zinkulu kakhulu ukuba olu hlobo Indoda yakudala. Kubonakala ukuba ukhokho wayo ngqo yaba uhlobo kwakudala.

Ngokutsho uprofesa, ukucacisa ngokungaqheleki kwamazinyo ibe kakuhle kwinguqulo denisovtsy interbred kunye neenguqulelo akudala zabantu. Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho uprofesa, mhlawumbi, oko wayesele esaziwa iintlobo, njengoko inkoliso yabo bafunda kwinqanaba yemfuza.

Oko izazinzulu eLondon?

London Umphandi Chris Stringer ye-Natural History Museum kwi-UK ukholelwa ukuba i- Heidelberg umntu, ukuyohlala eYurophu Western Asia, oko kudibana denisovan, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni enobunzima ukunqumla. Kwakhona ukhetho okuhle kuba indoda erectus, njengoko eqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi, yaye kudibana denisovtsami.

Kakade ke, uyakwazi ukusombulula ezi iimbambano ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo DNA aqhelekileyo zonke ezi ntlobo, kodwa oku akwenzeki, ngenxa nje yokuba abazange basinde. Uninzi Homininae wahlala kwiindawo ezishushu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iintsalela zabo genome lo ugcinwe, ngokungafaniyo denisovtsev Neandertal kwaye kwafunyanwa ubukhulu becala kwiimeko nzima kakhulu kwaye kubanda.

Indima cross-ukuvelisa yobuntu

Ukususela namhlanje, sele siyazi ezininzi eentlobo zenyathi abantu bamandulo, abo izinyanya zethu. Asimele aphike into yokuba emva kokuba okhokho babantu Ixhume Afrika, baye zidityaniswe kunye ezahlukeneyo kwezinye iintlobo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezinye genomes umdla ziya kufakwa kwixesha elizayo.

Okwangoku, sele siyazi ukuba kukho ubunzima yokunqumla rhoqo, kuquka hominin kodwa ayaziwa. Njengabo izazinzulu ezininzi zithi nezinye iintlobo umdla eyabakho 700.000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ngokusekelwe izifundo, sinokuqonda ukuba ngexesha elithile ebudeni ngendaleko yomntu yahlulwe imigca eziliqela, enye leyo eyakhokelela ngaxesha denisovan, kwaye elinye ukusuka ookhokho yamandulo nangaphezulu Homo sapiens kunye nendoda Neanderthal. Kwakhona, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba Bamandulo Phaya denisovtsy kunye nezinye Homo sapiens ixesha babehlala zeAltai yaye wawela kunye nabanye. Ukongeza, kwibhulorho yenzekile kunye nezinye iintlobo wahlangana denisovtsam ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nakwimimandla ezahlukeneyo.

It is a Kulusizi ukuba abazange basinde na DNA kwezinye iintlobo zabantu bamandulo, kungenjalo dibaniso zaqala ngokucacileyo. Nakuba kunjalo, inzululwazi yanamhlanje woMntu liyema, yaye mhlawumbi kungekudala siza kufunda into entsha malunga imvelaphi yethu.