Lexinene lead

Lead - metal elikhethekileyo has a lot of iimpawu ezintle nezimbi, iminyaka emininzi abantu baye bafunda ukuba ndikhuphe kuphela akuyongozi kwaphela, kodwa kuyabanceda iimpawu physicochemical ukwimo. Ngoku enjalo into, ezifana ilothe, kule lwezakhi ababalwayo 82, ubizwa ngokuba PB ubizwa ngokuba "Plumbum". Nguye grey, lexinene lead - 11,34g / cm3, yenye insimbi ezinqamlezeneyo. Kodwa ke musa ukuba badidekile phakathi kwala magama mabini zenzululwazi. Ukuxinana kwelothe ngamanye amazwi - kukho ubunzima bayo ngqo ngeyunithi umthamo nganye, kwaye ukuthamba ngesakhiwo kubangelwa njengekristale ngekroba. Lead yinto ethambileyo kuphela ngendlela esulungekileyo, kodwa xa phantsi ukufudumeza unyango phantsi kweemeko lobushushu ethile, kunokuba metal ngokwaneleyo ixesha elide.

Imvelaphi igama "Ndikhokele" buyaphikisana kakhulu, ngeelwimi ezininzi, kuvakala ngathi "tin" ayimangalisi, kuba akhokele liyafana inkcenkce, wawavulayo kakhulu kamva bamshiya negama lakhe ngoku, kodwa ke igama into ekuthethwa itshintshile. Lwezi methali zimbini ziyafana kakhulu omnye komnye nje kuphela abangaboniyo, kodwa ezinye iimpawu, nangona lexinene ilothe liphezulu kakhulu lexinene etotini.

Kwi phambili, kunye neempawu zayo abantu bazi ngaphezu kwe-7 amawaka. Iminyaka BC kunye noninzi kusenokwenzeka ukuba ingozi, kuba intsimbi unalo kubushushu obuphantsi ukunyibilika -327 C. A Kwimeko apho ngenxa yomlilo yehlathi, ingozi, phantsi kwemithi ash etshe lead afunyanwa. Ngenxa yoko, siye safumanisa iidipozithi zizityebi yale metal eMelika. Lokunyibilikisa Lead kuqala kwaziwa iinkqubo metallurgical ezimbaxa ukwenza ezininzi izinto. Umzekelo, eRoma yamandulo, ukusuka phambili ekwenzeni izitya, idityaniswe izithambiso, kuye kwenziwa nokuba namanzi, encediswa lexinene eliphezulu lead kunye nokukwazi ukumelana imiphumela emibi olu-bume esingqongileyo. Abantu ngoko babengazi nto zonke khompawundi ezinyibilikayo le etyhidiweyo zinetyhefu kakhulu.

Kamva, abanye abantu kusetyenziswa ukukhokela inkqubo nxaniso yaye ekugqibeleni owavela omnye ezona zixhobo oluyingozi - imbumbulu. Kakade ke, ngoncedo ilothe iye isetyenziswe eninzi umonakalo ngemihla yamandulo, kodwa intsimbi ngokwawo kuba abantu abamsulwa yikho. Ngoku iminyaka yethu eqhubela phambili, siye safunda ukuba sizuze lukhulu iimpawu ilothe, njengoko ukuxinana yayo isihlobo idlala kwezinye iindawo indima ebalulekileyo. Phantse isinye kwisithathu yemveliso weli isetyenziswa ukwenza iibhetri iimoto eziqhelekileyo. Kwakhona olu isetyenziswa kushishino amafutha ke, idityaniswa ipetroli ukuphucula iimpawu zayo. Ekubeni leminyaka kwemikrozo yeemoto kunye iimoto phantse konke konke, ngoko sebenzisa, aze ke komphunga ipetroli enelothe umphunga emoyeni kubangela umonakalo omkhulu-bume. Ukuba usafuna uthathe ingqalelo komphunga asphalt ngexesha eshushu, xa loxinano ngebhitumene liyancipha kunye ukwandisa lobushushu, siya kumelana kukho intlekele yendalo. Kodwa le ndoda ityala ngokwakhe!

Khawucinge nje, ngonyaka emoyeni abangaphezu kwama-50 amawaka. Iitoni komsi phambili. Kunjalo isetyenziselwa ushishino yodongwe ekuvelisweni ngamatye abengezelayo, yaye ngubani na weva Lead White? Le nkcazelo ifumaneka imibala ezininzi, nto leyo, ingakumbi, ezisetyenziswa xa ubhala icon. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu baye bafunda nje ukuze azikhusele zentsimbi kunye nokukhusela nokulisebenzisa. Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa sisincoko ethile baye bafunda ntlungu kunye neziyobisi anti-ukudumba. Ke kaloku omnye iimpawu iluncedo kule but is yayo 'lokukhanya "X-reyi kwaye reyi eqhumayo kusetyenziswa kumagumbi X-reyi kwaye nezixhobo kushishino yenyukliya.

Xa ndiqukumbela, sinokuthi elementi weekhemikhali inemisebenzi zayo ezintle nezimbi, kodwa nokuba zeziphi onokuzisebenzisa, elisombulula kuphela umntu, kwaye ke kuhle ukuba usebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe kuba zonke izinto ezilungileyo kuthi sonke!