Nokukhululwa Odessa 1944. Epreli 10 - imini yenkululeko Odessa

Umsebenzi Odessa yathatha iintsuku 907. Ngeli xesha, kwafa amashumi amawaka abahlali kunye namajoni. Abaninzi kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke nje kuphela bahlaseli, kodwa abo bathatha icala lutshaba, waza wabandakanyeka kulwaphulo mass nxamnye abemi abaqhelekileyo.

Nokukhululwa Odessa uvunyelwe ukuba aphelise le nezenzo abahlali. Senzeka ngo March-Apreli 1944 kwaye igama Odessa intsebenziswano ukuba yinxalenye intshukumo ezikhubekisayo amabutho Soviet.

Odessa operation

Qhuba imisebenzi zomkhosi phambi 3 Ukrainian, zixhaswa imikhosi ezongezelelweyo. Wasuka wayalela ukuba kubhalwe uR Malinowski. Injongo yalo msebenzi yaba okoyisa imikhosi lutshaba iqela lonxweme swi phakathi Bug eseMazantsi Dniester. Kwaye khupha unxweme Sea Black kunye nesixeko Odessa. Kwenziwa i Dnieper-zeCarpath ekhubekisayo 12/24/1943 nge 17/04/1994. Usuku inkululeko Odessa wangena eli xesha kwinqanaba lohlaselo eSoviet.

Le meko phambi kokuba ukusebenza

Odessa saqala ukusetyenziswa ngo-Oktobha 1941, imikhosi yaseJamani-isiRomania. Ngu January 1944 i-Red Army waqalisa ukusebenza yayo ngokunxulumene ne apho umyalelo yaseJamani bagqiba ukuphelisa ulawulo Odessa ngesiRomania kungena esixekweni umkhosi wakhe. Oku kwakhokelela ekubanjweni ubunzima kunye nokubulawa. Kwipali kunye nemithi hung izidumbu zabantu iintsuku eziliqela.

senziwa ngenxa kunokwenzeka yokuba i-Red Army kwaba nako ukufika kunxweme Bug eseMazantsi asithimbe kwibhulorho German inkululeko Odessa kaThixo. Kuba Wehrmacht ubambe izibuko Odessa kwakubaluleke kakhulu qhinga, ngenxa yokuba ngoncedo ayo okukwazi ukuqhagamshelana kunye ezinabantu eCrimea.

Usuku inkululeko Odessa ukuba anike ngokudala lokuzithethelela enamandla waseJamani. Ukuze benze oku, basebenzisa endala zokuzikhusela eentloko ezaxhobela yiSoviet, owathi ngo-1941 sakwazi ukuba lo mzi iinyanga ezimbini ezinesiqingatha lisuke emnyango utshaba lwakhe.

imikhosi zamaqela

inkululeko Odessa ri nchumu wa nkoka kakhulu yiSoviet Union, njengoko yayiya amaJamani ithuba ehanjiswe igunya labo ngenxa zibuko. Umsebenzi malunga 470 lamawaka amajoni inxaxheba. Xa ilifa labo laba amatanki ngaphezu kwama-400 kunye imipu self-ngokwaso, 12,000 imipu kunye mortars, ngaphezu kwama-400 moya. Inkoliso yabantu kunye nezixhobo ebeyinalo Front 3rd Ukrainian.

inkululeko Odessa kaThixo ayikwazanga kuthintela imikhosi yaseJamani kwaye isiRomania, abo baye benza konke okusemandleni ukukhusela kuyo. Inani elipheleleyo imikhosi emalunga 350 lamawaka amajoni. Nabo babeyinxalenye maqela waseJamani kunye Rumanian. Ngenxa yokuba balihlutha amatanki zobugcisa 160 kunye nezixhobo, amawaka ngaphezu ezintathu mortars kunye lukhule. Aviation yayiquka moya 400 German 150 moya eRomania.

Ngokuba imikhosi umgca engundoqo yokhuselo baqalisa lomfula (i Bug inkulu eseMazantsi Dniester, Tiligul encinane kunye nabanye). IZiko i wokhuselo eyomeleleyo kunye Odessa ngokwayo, apho izindlu i "Fortress uMlawuli kaThixo."

Ngxabano i Red Army ukusuka Wehrmacht zaye becala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• e Odessa, Nikolaev, Berezovka bahambisa amatanki kunye zokudubula;
• ecaleni imilambo, iindawo, amachweba elihamba ibekwe;
• kunxweme yasentshona Bug eseMazantsi ngeenxa minefields Odessa kunye nemiqobo zadalwa.

iziganeko

Nokukhululwa Odessa 1944 kwaqala Ukucofa koMlambo Bug Southern. Iingalo Front 3 Ukrainian, kwafuneka ukuba alwe izintlu Wehrmacht naseRomania. Kulaa veki yokuqala kaMatshi imikhosi Soviet bakwazi ukuza kwiindonga lomlambo. NgoMatshi 18 baqala ekudibaneni Bug Southern, ezenzeka ngokukhawuleza yaye yaphela 28. Ngu ekutshintsheni iziganeko amaJamani babengengabo Lunga, amajoni Ukrainian ngokusesikweni akukho advance ngaphantsi rapid kumzantsi.

Emva kokuya ku ngaphesheya komlambo, imikhosi Soviet ngemini enye kokukhululwa Nikolaev. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni umkhosi waseJamani kwanyanzeleka ukuba baqale iyindawo, kunye nokukhululwa Odessa kubahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente yaba yingxaki enkulu kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni Epreli, utshaba Wayengqongwe, kwenzeka ngokuthi zithathe ulawulo isikhululo USSR ezahlukileyo kunye Ochakov.

Ngo-Aprili 9, amajoni eSoviet uvele northern kwizithili Odessa. Ngobusuku-9 ukuya kwi-10 Epreli kwaqhutywa ukuhlasela ubusuku ngentsebenziswano kunye kuzinze zasekuhlaleni, yaye kusasa umzi akhululwe. ukuhlasela Okulandelayo waya ngasentshonalanga, kwicala le Dniester.

Ukrainian Front wakwazi Kwathi phezu kodonga lasekhohlo Dniester River ikhulule Transnistria, Moldova. Ngeli xesha amaJamani ezilahlekileyo malunga 37.000 amajoni, abanye babo sele owambulala zokulwa, abanye wayithimba.

Amanqanaba inkululeko lommandla Odessa

Nokukhululwa Odessa 1944 zange ahlale kuwo umzi. Ukususela abahlaseli German-isiRomania ishenxisa indawo yonke.

Amanqanaba inkululeko kule ndawo:

1. NgoMatshi 5 ukuya ku-22 ebibanjwe ekhubekisayo neendawo zokwakha-botoşani, nto leyo yakhokelela zaye ungayithandi kumazwe kumantla Odessa.
2. Ukususela ngoMatshi 6 ukuya ku-18 ekupheleni kuka Bereznegovatoe Snigirevskaya-operation sele awela Bug Southern. Odessa waqalisa lo msebenzi, nto leyo wathabatha ukuqalela nge-28 Matshi ukuya kowe-10 Apreli. Okulandelayo anyuka Agasti kokunqumama Committe ku avanyisa.
3. Ukususela 20 ukuya kwi-29 Agasti kulo msebenzi Iasi-Kishinev wabanjwa kummandla Izmail, eyinxenye ye Odessa namhlanje.

Ukukhululwa umzi

Kakade ukuba Epreli 10 - usuku lokukhululwa Odessa. Ukuze oku kube nokwenzeka, iinzame ezinkulu eziye zenziwa. Iintshaba ikwazile ukwakha ukuziphendulela eyomeleleyo, esebenzisa esimbaxa namageduka zendalo, iingozi amanzi. Ukongeza, ngeli xesha imozulu emanyumnyezi, leyo yathintela unikezelo kwi isixeko endleleni.

Saqala iindlela eso sixeko ukususela-4 Apreli. amajoni Soviet ewela amanqanaba zonke iingozi zamanzi, olu sapho lwaluquka Tiligul, Adzhalskogo, Big Adzhalskogo engena elwandle. Ngo April iindawo 9 bafika ngaphandle kumantla komzi, kwaye uhlaselo yaqala e Odessa, eyayibanjelwe ngaxeshanye nomhlaba, ulwandle nomoya.

Xa oonogada baya kungena inxalenye Odessa, waqalisa iimfazwe abaziingwanyalala ukuba zonke ekhaya, eyathatha ubusuku bonke. Kusasa ka-Aprili 10 zokulwa ifikelele umzi engundoqo. Zabe phezu kwendlu opera banner Red Army liye laba uphawu oko akhululwa umzi. Ngeendleko lo msebenzi, kwakukho amawaka amajoni abafileyo zamajoni abo abazange bakwazi ukubona kwayo kokugcina Fascism.

iindawo ekhumbulekayo e Odessa

inkululeko Odessa kaThixo (Aprili 10, 1944) lubonakala iincwadi ezininzi, memoirs, iidotyhumentari. Kwisixeko kukho ezikhumbuzo ezininzi kunye nezikhumbuzo zanikezelwa kulo mcimbi.

izinto ezinkulu kwiindawo zazo:

• RJ lesikhumbuzo Malinowski epakini kwi kwisitrato Kumbi;
• isikhumbuzo "Victory Wings" kwi-Square ngomhla we-10 Epreli;
• indawo ukhumbuleka (Melnitskaya Street, Building 31), apho 04.09.1944 kuzinze kunyaka woyisa kwalomu ka imikhosi German;
• indawo ukhumbuleka (kwisitrato Kumbi, indlu 77), apho 02/03/1944, walimala elibulalayo kakhulu vd Avdeev;
• engcwabeni mass (Tiraspol umendo) ukuba amajoni ezilishumi abasweleke ngexesha inkululeko 04.10.1944, umzi kunye umphathi wakhe Gavrikov;
• engcwabeni mass kunye obelisk (Shkodova Intaba) xa kukhunjulwa izisulu 56 yobuFasi, leyo wadubula bebaleka iminyaka 09.04.1944 sazela;
• MM engcwabeni Olubi park Fairground.

izitrato Odessa ngayo imbeko abakhululi

April 10 (usuku lokukhululwa Odessa) ngenxa ekhumbulekayo ezininzi ebomini. Ukuze imbeko kukhunjulwa abakhululi lomzi, izitalato zithiywe emva kwabo.

Amagama amajoni, imbeko kubo ogama ezitratweni e Odessa:

• vd Avdeev-Black (kummandla Kiev);
• MI Nedelin (kummandla Kiev);
• vd Tsvetayev (indawo Ilichevsky);
• II Shvygin (indawo lolwandle);
• IA Pliev (indawo Ilichevsky);
• NF Bomvu (kummandla Kiev);
• VI Chuykov (indawo Kiev).