"Kulile Doenitz 'lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kunye Wesithathu

Ixabiso imizila yolwandle kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi ayikwazi nemikhuba. Ukususela ngo-1939, umbuzo yonikezelo yomkhosi, ukunikezelwa koncedo wamajoni, ukutya, amafutha, amayeza kunye nezinye iimpahla qhinga echaphazela ngqo yindlela UK ukuba sixhathise ukumelana ku Germany.

Ukususela ngo-1941, i-Faka-zokuqeshisa eSoviet Union kwi imfazwe bakucaphukisa uHitler, kwaye wenza yonke into ukuthintela convoys ezisemantla endleleni yabo eya Murmansk kunye Arkhangelsk. Indima ibalulekileyo kulo mlo wadlala Luftwaffe moya ngwenya ze Wesithathu.

Indima lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kwindawo yokubonela yomkhosi wamanzi kwemisebenzi zomkhosi kuqikelelwa kule minyaka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Nangona ukungafezeki kwisiseko zobugcisa, izisombululo eziphambili zobugcisa abaye baba isiseko leesampuli mihla zenziwe ngexesha. Emva kokoyiswa Germany uphelelwe ekunene ukuya nokonwabela ubenesinqanawa ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo, yaye kwiminyaka elandelayo yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho akazange ukuya kuyo.

Noko ke, kwakukho abantu waphupha malunga rematch. UErich Raeder, iqhawe amadabi yolwandle, kunye Admiral, owaba ngumlungiseleli emva yokurhoxa impikiswano komanduleli wakhe Adolf Zenker, kubusithela liphuhlise inkqubo ukuvuselelwa Kriegsmarine.

Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ze Wesithathu yokucamagusha ngokusesikweni ngenxa ukulwa emsebenzini emva 1935. ISivumelwano Versailles kunye acquiescence yamagunya yaseYurophu ayikho mthethweni, kunye nesikhundla sakhe sele kunokwenzeka ukuba ngoyaba. Ehlotyeni konyaka omnye, e-London, Germany nase-United Kingdom utyikitye isivumelwano akuba ewubhangisile, esenyameni imida yeetoni kuba Navy German.

Esinye isiganeko ngo-1935, nto leyo baziswa iingcaphephe zomkhosi ngexesha: lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ze Wesithathu weza kulawulo Admiral Doenitz. Le umphathi onesiphiwo yomkhosi wamanzi, ohlonitshwayo ubethandwa oomatiloshe baseJamani, kodwa yenza iingxaki ezininzi.

Ngu ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II zonke lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ze Reich zaye zohlulwa iiklasi ezintathu: ezinkulu (ukubana ka 600-1000 m), eliphakathi (740 m) kunye kwisiphekepheke (250 m). Babembalwa ngenani, njengenxalenye Kriegsmarine baba iiyunithi 46 kuphela. Doenitz zange amandla, wayesazi malunga nokuba nako na shipyards German yaye esazi ukuba senze ubuchule uyakukhetha, kunokuba inombolo.

Nokuba ke, 22 lweenqanawa ezintywilayo baguquka ukwenza ezinye anzima. Ubunkokheli German uyayiqonda le akunakuphepheka kwembambano kunye US, kwaye zilungele ukusika elwandle-imizila nge Atlantic. Kamva lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 3 Empire enze ukusebenza ebhegini kufuphi East Coast.

Ukusebenza lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kwixesha lokuqala imfazwe ngenxa yokusetyenziswa amaqhinga amatsha, a ngaphambili engaziwayo yaye ceba Karlom Denitsem. Wathi igama uqhagamshelo "Imiqulu ingcuka" ngwenya bakhe, kunye nesenzo sabo kakhulu ezilungisele oko mfanekiso.

A kwafa yomkhosi wamanzi eBritish Isles azidalileyo isisongelo ngqo kanye ubukho sixeko, singasathethi ulwalamano yayo kunye ngamathanga. Summer of 1940, suku ngalunye waya ezantsi 2-3 emkhombeni, iinyanga ezisixhenxe Doenitz inkwili yazika iiyunithi umthengisi weenqanawa 343. Winston Churchill emva kwemfazwe kuqikelelwa imeko njengokuba kubaluleke ngakumbi ngenxa umoya "Idabi of Britain".

Ukuphelisa nesisongelo ezinzulwini kolwandle eziphuma, wanceda izixhobo ezitsha ive kunye sonar American-eyenziwe, kuza navies zaseBritani kunye USSR. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ze Wesithathu waqalisa ukuba zilimale kakhulu, kwaye "kulile Doenitz" elineentshebe waba into wempi Japanese.

Phakathi 1939 no 1162 ngwenya zalapho waseJamani enziwa inani engumzekelo elipheleleyo amalungu abasebenzi-40 amawaka. Man kunyaka 1945-th. Ngaphezulu kwama-30 amawaka. Ngwenya German wathabatha ukufa eqhiphula "iibhokisi yentsimbi 'zabo. Kwi olwandle kwakukho lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 790, Admiral Doenitz, owaswelekelwa kule mfazwe yoyikekayo oonyana ababini nomtshana.