Yeefom yencopho eziphathekayo: nezimaphambili ezingundoqo, izinto

Isihloko nqaku namhlanje yethu iya kuba yeefom phuzu eziphathekayo. Iyintoni na yonke loo nto? Yintoni imiba avele kuso, yaye yintoni definition kufuneka inikwe kule kota? Le mibuzo neminye emininzi namhlanje yaye siya kuzama ukuphendula.

Ukuchaza ingqiqo

izinto yeefom point namnye ngaphandle candelwana physics othi "Mechanics". Yena, ke, ufunda imithetho yokuhamba ngayo kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo. Yeefom yencopho elayibrari kwakhona inxaxheba kulo msebenzi, kodwa akwenzi ngokwalo jikelele. Enyanisweni, oku sub-candelo ehlola iindlela ezichaza isindululo lwemizimba. Kwesi sifundo zilungele ukusetyenziswa kuphela umzimba ebizwa njalo-yengxoxo. Ezi ziquka: ingongoma eziphathekayo, iqumrhu ngqongqo kunye negesi efanelekileyo. Cinga ngesigama ngokweenkcukacha. Sonke siyazi esikolweni ukuba ingongoma izinto ubizwa ngokuba umzimba, ubukhulu apho kuyo nayiphi na imeko enikwe nga nokungahoywa. Ngendlela, ukuba yeefom ze isindululo translational yencopho eziphathekayo uqala ukuvela okwesihlandlo sokuqala iincwadi kwibakala lesixhenxe physics. Eli sebe kwecacileyo, ngoko ukuze uqalise aqhelane inzululwazi, ngoncedo layo liyingcwele lula. Umba eyahlukileyo kukuthi, zeziphi iziqalelo ze yeefom phuzu eziphathekayo. Abasakwazi kakhulu, kwaye ngoku yahlulwe kumanqanaba eziliqela ngobunzima ezahlukeneyo ukuqonda. Ukuba sithethe, umzekelo, kumda wesangqa radius, ngoko ke, lo mgaqo, ngokuchaza yayo nto prohibitively entsonkothileyo. Noko ke, uyavuma ukuba kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba umfundi ngaphezu umfundi avareji okanye kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Kwaye ngokuphandle ethetha, akukho mfuneko yokuba achaze iimpawu abafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo kota.

Imbali emfutshane yeefom

Abaninzi, kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, i-Aristotle omkhulu eyahlulelwe isabelo ingonyama ngayo ixesha lakhe free ukufunda kwaye nokuchaza yemvelo nje inzululwazi eyahlukileyo. Ingakumbi wasebenza phezu yeefom, ezama ukuba bazichaze iingongoma eziphambili neengcamango, ngendlela enye okanye omnye zisetyenziswe iinzame zokusombulula imisebenzi yeprekthikhali kwaye ezingenamsebenzi. Aristotle wanika kuluvo wento iziqalelo ze yeefom phuzu eziphathekayo. umsebenzi wakhe kunye nemibhalo zixabiseke kakhulu lonke uluntu. Noko ke, izigqibo zayo, yenza inani elininzi iimpazamo, yaye lo mbandela kukuba kukho ezinye iimpazamo. Works of Aristotle ngexesha lakhe baba nomdla kwezinye izazinzulu - UGalileo Galilei. Enye theses angundoqo iqhutywe Aristotle, sifunda ukuba intshukumo yomzimba kwenzeka kuphela kwimeko ukuba wenza phezu ethile amandla, kumiselwa ubunzulu kunye nolwalathiso. UGalileo wabonisa ukuba oku impazamo. Force iza kuchaphazela isicwangciso isantya, kodwa akukho ngaphezulu. I-Italian wabonisa ukuba mandla unobangela lunikezelo, yaye kunokuba obuza kuphela ngalo. Kwakhona uGalileo Galiley ingqalelo eqaphelekayo ekufundweni inkqubo sokuwa simahla, nto leyo imithetho efanelekileyo. Mhlawumbi wonke ukhumbula malunga amalinge yakhe edumileyo, apho wachitha kwiNqaba Pisa. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, iziseko izisombululo kinematic ezisetyenzisiweyo physics Ampere.

izinto zokuqala

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, yeefom kweendlela ngokuxilonga ukuchaza isindululo bezinto yengxoxo. Ukuziqhelisa, iziseko kanga uhlalutyo zemathematika, algebra eziqhelekileyo geometry. Kodwa yintoni na la mabinzana (lo mbono, kwaye akukho nkcazo kunye nemilinganiselo parametric) zikwinqanaba intliziyo eli candelwana of physics? Okokuqala, wonke umntu kufuneka aqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba yeefom ze isindululo translational lwendawo motion izinto ucinga ngaphandle ukusebenza ngamandla. Oko kukuthi, ukusombulula iingxaki ezifanelekileyo, akuyomfuneko iifomyula enxulumene ngamandla. It yeefom akuthathwa, nokuba bangaphi kubo kukho - inye, zimbini, zintathu, nokuba amakhulu amawaka. Kunjalo, ubukho lunikezelo kodwa inikeza. Xa inani indawo iingxaki yeefom intshukumo eziphathekayo umisela ukuqingqa ixabiso lunikezelo. Noko ke, izinto ezibangela le meko (umzekelo, amandla kunye nohlobo lwawo) azithathwa, yaye azifakwa.

ngezigaba

Siye safumanisa ukuba yeefom phonononga kwaye isebenzisa iindlela ukuchaza isindululo lwemizimba ngaphandle kokujonga imikhosi nokuwenza. Phela, lo msebenzi sele awayezenzele enye sub-ubucukubhede, ebizwa okuhambisa. Sele kukho kusetyenziswa imithetho Newton, ezivumela ukuba mayenziwe ukuchaza ngokwaneleyo iparameters kunye nenani e data amancinci ezaziwayo ekuqaleni. nezimaphambili ezingundoqo of yeefom of indawo eziphathekayo - kuba isithuba kunye nexesha. Kwaye ngokunxulumene nophuhliso zenzululwazi jikelele kunye entsimini, kwakukho umbuzo malunga ukufaneleka indibanisela enjalo.

Ukususela ekuqaleni, kwakukho yeefom yamandulo. Sinokuthi ukuba yinqobo nje phambi zombini izikhewu zexeshana kunye lomhlaba, kodwa ezizimeleyo ezikhethiweyo benqwanqwa elithile reference. Hi ndlela leyi, singathetha ngayo kamva. Ngoku, chaza nje ungantoni na. Ithuba lokuphumla Spatial kulo mzekelo ozakuthathwa icandelo, ixesha - lekhefu. Kubonakala ukuba yonke into kufuneka icace. Ngoku, le izithuba ziza kuqwalaselwa kwi yeefom classical elililo invariant, ngamanye amazwi, elizimeleyo utshintsho ukusuka isakhelo omnye komnye. Nokuba ishishini yeefom relativistic. Oku kwikhefu xa ususa phakathi reference izakhelo zinokwahluka. Kububulumko ukuba bade bathi abakwazi, yaye kufuneka, mhlawumbi. Ngenxa yale simultaneity iziganeko ezibini random kwakhona uba isalamane kwaye uxhomekeke ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Ngako oko ke le yeefom relativistic kwengqiqo ezimbini - isithuba kunye nexesha - ke zidityaniswe zibe omnye.

Yeefom impahla point: isantya, ukukhawulezisa, kunye nezinye izinto

Ukuya kutsho ubuncinane kancinci ukuqonda nokwakheka eli candelwana, kufuneka uhambe iikhonsepthi ibalulekileyo, uyazi iinkcazelo kunye ukumela buyini ngokubanzi, omnye okanye elinye ixabiso. Ayikho into elukhuni ngayo ngokwenene, kulula kakhulu kwaye kulula. Cinga, mhlawumbi, ukuba ukuqala nezimaphambili ezingundoqo ezisetyenziswa iingxaki yeefom.

motion

intshukumo Mechanical, sicingela yinkqubo apho omnye okanye enye into enezigaba utshintsha indawo yayo esithubeni. Kulo mzekelo, singatsho ukuba utshintsho ngokunxulumene nezinye imizimba. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo into yokuba ngaxeshanye lwenzeka kunye nokusekwa ixesha lokuphumla elithile phakathi iziganeko ezibini. Umzekelo, oku kuya kuba lula ukuba anikezele lokuphumla ethile kwabunjwa ixesha elidlulileyo phakathi umzimba kwafika ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Qaphela kwakhona ukuba umzimba yaye ngaloo angasebenzisana namanye, ngokunxulumene nemithetho jikelele ubucukubhede. Le nto kanye rhoqo lusebenza yeefom phuzu eziphathekayo. Inkqubo reference - isigama ilandelayo, kuhlangene nalo.

lulawula

Zingakotshwa ngokuba data eziqhelekileyo kusenza sikwazi ukubona ukuma umzimba nangaliphi enikwe ixesha. Zika zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa nengqiqo inkqubo reference kunye nokulawula igridi. Kwiimeko ezininzi ziyintlanganisela oonobumba kunye neenamba.

radius vector

Ukusuka igama kufuneka icace ukuba. Noko ke, makhe sithethe ngakumbi ngayo. Ukuba indawo esihamba endleleni, yaye siyazi ekuqaleni benqwanqwa ethile reference, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubamba kumda wesangqa isikhundla nangaliphi na ixesha. Uya kuba ukudibanisa indawo lokuqala kwinqanaba kunye lwephanyazo okanye sokuzalwa.

indlela

Uya kubizwa ngokuba umgca okuqhubekayo eli nalibekelwayo ngenxa sesindululo kwe isuntswana ikwisakhelo elinikiweyo yezalathiso.

Speed (zombini yomgama kunye emboxo)

Eli xabiso, exelela njani ngokukhawuleza umzimba uya kwixesha lomgama.

Ukukhawulezisa (kwaye emboxo kunye nemicwe)

Ukwacacisa phantsi oko komthetho kwaye utshintsho umzimba isantya isicwangciso ngayo ngokuzimisela.

Mhlawumbi, naba - izinto eziyintloko yeefom phuzu eziphathekayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zombini uqina kunye lunikezelo na izixa kumda wesangqa. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho ube nefuthe nomboniso, kodwa indlela ethile. Ngendlela, ukuba ingabhekiswa kwicala elinye yaye okwahlukileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, umzimba iza kukhawuleziswa kwi yesibini - isantya phantsi.

Imisebenzi elula

Yeefom yencopho eziphathekayo (isantya, ukukhawulezisa kunye nomgama eseyiphantse iingqiqo esisiseko) uye ngisho into yokuba kukho inani elikhulu iingxaki, kunye eninzi kuwo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Makhe uzame ukusombulula umsebenzi olula ngokwaneleyo ukujonga umgama ohanjiweyo ngumzimba.

Masithi iimeko ukuba sinayo ngesandla, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Umqhubi imoto imi kumgca yokuqala. Umqhubi inikeza eyobe ezibonwayo imoto kuthatha off kakhulu. Xela ukuba ingaba irekhodi entsha abakhweli kukhuphiswano iya kuba nako, ukuba kumgama olulinganayo nekhulu eemitha, kwaba kanye inkokeli kwimizuzwana 7.8. Ukukhawuleziswa isithuthi esithathwe ezilingana neemitha ezingama-3, bahlulwe yesibini square.

Ngoko ke, ukuba yokusombulula ingxaki efanayo? Kuyinto umdla, njengoko kufuneka ukuba "zome 'inkcazo ezithile iparameters. Yena wonwaba waza Uyenze imeko ethile diversifies izisombululo inkqubo kunye nezalathiso search. Kodwa yintoni sifanele sikhokelwe ngaphambili, indlela yokuphendula lo msebenzi?

1. yeefom yencopho eziphathekayo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwimeko unikezelo.

2. Kucingelwa isigqibo usebenzisa ifomula umgama, kuba kubonakala kwiimeko lixabiso lenani.

Thina ukusombulula ingxaki zonke lula. Ukuthatha eli formula umgama: S = vot + (-) AT ^ 2/2. Iyintoni na intsingiselo? Sidinga ukuba sazi ukuba ixesha ziya kudlula OWAYEBEKA elijongene umgama, uze uthelekise isalathisi kunye irekhodi ukufumana phandle wayeya bambetha okanye hayi. Ukuze wenze oku, sibekela bucala ixesha lokuba bafumane wokubala: AT ^ 2 + 2VoT - 2. Oku namnye ngaphandle quadratic equation. Kodwa imoto kuthatha off, oko kuthetha ukuba uqina zokuqala ilingana no 0. Xa isigqibo equation discriminant iya kulingana 2400 kufuneka zisuswe ingcambu ixesha wophendlo. Yenza ukuya kwindawo yesibini wokugqibela: 48,98. Sifumana ingcambu lenxaki: 48.98 / 6 = 8.16 kwimizuzwana. Kubonakala ukuba umqhubi akayi kuba nako ukubetha irekhodi okhoyo.