A esiyua nobungakanani physics. Imizekelo omyinge kumda wesangqa

Physics and imathematika ukwenza ngaphandle ingqiqo ka "wobungakanani yomzobo yesiboniso." Kuyimfuneko ukwazi nokufunda, yaye ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza nalo. Oku kufanele bafunde indlela yokuphepha ukubhideka nokuphepha iimposiso abaziziyatha.

Indlela ukwahlula ixabiso scalar ukusuka kumda wesangqa?

Eyokuqala usoloko omunye kuphela. Eli linani yakhe. Uninzi izixa scalar kunokuba amaxabiso omabini akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Imizekelo yalo zingasebenza intlawuliso wombane okanye iqondo lobushushu umsebenzi. Kodwa kukho scalars ezingenako kuba kakubi, ezifana ubude kunye nobunzima.

A ubungakanani kumda wesangqa, ngaphandle kokuba ixabiso lenani ukuba lusoloko labanjiswa ixabiso elililo, sibonakala ngaphezu kunye nolwalathiso. Ngoko ke, oko kumelwa ngokwegrafu, oko kukuthi, ekwimo utolo, ubude ogama lilingana amaxabiso modulus ejoliswe kwi indlela ethile.

Xa ubhala ubungakanani kumda wesangqa ngalinye luchazwa yi uphawu itolo kwisiphelo ileta. Ukuba uza ixabiso lenani, utolo ezingabhaliweyo, okanye kuthathwe modulo.

Yintoni amaninzi kwenziwa zithwala?

Okokuqala - rhabaxa. Bangafika alinganayo okanye hayi. Kwimeko yokuqala zeemodyuli ezifanayo. Kodwa oku imeko kuphela. Kufuneka kube imiyalelo efanayo okanye esahlukileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, kufuneka ngokuba zithwala ngokulinganayo. Okwesibini, ukuba okwahlukileyo. Ukuba akukho kuzaliseke namnye kwezi meko, ngoko ke zithwala ezi ayilungelelene.

Emva koko kufike ngaphandle. Oko kunokwenziwa imithetho ezimbini: unxantathu okanye parallelogram. Eyokuqala kufuna nokunqanda yokuqala kumda wesangqa, kwaye ke ukususela ekupheleni yesibini. ngokongeza umphumo iya kuba lowo ufuna ukubambelela ekupheleni lokuqala yesibini.

Ulawulo parallelogram ingasetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko ukuba walala phantsi izixa kumda wesangqa physics. Mu kuya kwa nshita elinomthetho wokuqala, apho kufuneka elinye ngenqaku elinye. Emva koko agqibe nabo parallelogram. Isiphumo intshukumo kufuneka ithathwe njengoko idiagonal le parallelogram athathwe ingongoma efanayo.

Ukuba kumda wesangqa sisuswe kwezinye, ziya kuphinda ebiza ngenqaku elinye. Kuphela isiphumo kumda, leyo ngexesha elinye naleyo kwalibaziseka isiphelo yesibini ukuya ekupheleni yokuqala.

Zeziphi zithwala basafunda physics?

Bathi kakhulu njenge scalar. U nga khumbula nje ukuba naziphi na izixa kumda wesangqa physics apho. Okanye ukuba ukwazi iimpawu apho kungaba ibalwe. Kuba abo bakhetha ukhetho yokuqala, le theyibhile kuluncedo. Inika vector olusisiseko eziphathekayo.

Uphawu kwifomula	igama
v	speed
r	ukufuduka
yaye	lunikezelo
F	amandla
r	nomfutho
E	electric ngamandla endle
the	kuFacebook magnetic
M	mzuzu amandla

Ngoku kancinane ngakumbi ezinye yala maxabiso.

Ixabiso lokuqala - isantya

Ekubeni kuyimfuneko ukuba aqale ukunika imizekelo omyinge kumda wesangqa. Oku kuba uyiqhelile ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu bokuqala.

Udayalo kuchazwa njengoko iintshukumo zomzimba iimpawu emajukujukwini. Inikwe lixabiso lenani kunye nolwalathiso. Ngoko ke, lo uqina i ubungakanani yomzobo yesiboniso. Ukongezelela, oko kwahlulwa iintlobo. Eyokuqala i Velocity yomgama. Oku kuqhutywa ingqalelo kweyunifom motion rectilinear. Noko ke, oko ujika ube ngumendo ozalanayo onqamlezwa umzimba ngexesha intshukumo.

Indlela efanayo yamkelekile ukuba usebenzise kwi motion non-uniform. Kuphela oko ke ndiya kuba avareji. Kwaye ixesha ukuba ufuna ukukhetha, kufuneka babe ezincinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Athambekele zero ixesha ixabiso Velocity lokuphumla kakade nje ngephanyazo.

Xa siqwalasela indlela intshukumo ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, kusoloko kukho isantya - wobungakanani yomzobo yesiboniso. Ngapha koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubola zibe kumacandelo ngqo ecaleni kumda wesangqa ngalinye ngokusa nokulungelelanisa imida. Ngaphezu koko, ichazwa njenge yemvelaphi kumda wesangqa radius, kuthathwa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ixabiso yesibini - amandla

Oku kugqiba emlinganisweni igalelo ezwi kwi emzimbeni ngamanye amaqumrhu okanye amasimi. Ekubeni amandla - wobungakanani yomzobo, oko kufuneka ixabiso layo umthamo kunye nolwalathiso. Ekubeni enza emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukuba baphawula ukuba lusetyenziswa kuyo amandla. Ukuze ufumane lumelo olubonakalayo bezifo amandla, sikuncede le theyibhile ilandelayo.

amandla	Ingongoma isicelo	indlela
elihlabayo	iziko umzimba	ukuya kumbindi womhlaba
gravitation jikelele	iziko umzimba	kwiziko komnye umzimba
luthambe	indawo zoqhagamshelwano imizimba lokunxibelelana	kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle
intswela-mvisiswano	phakathi imiphezulu ngokuqhagamshelana	ngendlela malungana intshukumo

Kwakhona unalo ubungakanani kumda wesangqa ungamandla umnatha. Oku kuchazwa udibaniso lwamaxabiso wonke osebenza imikhosi mechanical umzimba. Ukuze ubone ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza kongezwe umgaqo womda nxantathu. Kufuneka nje yokulibazisa zithwala ngexesha ukususela ekupheleni ezidlulileyo. Umphumo iya kuba lowo inxulumanisa ekuqaleni ngosuku lokuqala ukuya ekupheleni yokugqibela.

Ixabiso lesithathu - hambisa

Ngexesha intshukumo yomzimba ichaza umgca ethile. Ibizwa ngokuba isikhokelo. Oku kungaba yahluke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ngaphezu ukubonakala kwaso, kwaye isiqalo nesiphelo intshukumo. Bona ahlangene ceke, ekuthiwa intshukumo. Oku kwakhona ubungakanani yomzobo yesiboniso. Kwaye isoloko ngqo ukususela ekuqaleni intshukumo ukuya kwindawo apho intshukumo siphelisiwe. Libhekisela yayamkela le r unobumba Latin.

Apha, nizuzane nalo mbuzo olandelayo: "Indlela - wobungakanani kumda wesangqa?". Ngokubanzi, oku ingeyonyani. Indlela elinganayo ubude indlela kwaye kungekho ethile. An ngaphandle imeko xa kujongwa ethe ngqo motion kwicala elinye. Koko ubukhulu ixabiso ukubana ingqamana umendo kunye ulwalathiso kuzo efanayo. Ngoko ke, xa iqwalasela intshukumo ngapha komgca othe ngqo ngaphandle kokutshintsha indlela yokuhamba zithuba kufakwa imizekelo omyinge kumda wesangqa.

Ixabiso lesine - lunikezelo

It luphawu ngesantya utshintsho isantya. Ngaphezu koko, lunikezelo kungaba kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle. Kulawulo ngqo lwanamhlanje bujoliswe kwisantya enkulu. Ukuba intshukumo lwenzeka behamba endleleni egosogoso, ngoko kumda wesangqa yayo lunikezelo abole abe kumacandelo amabini, enye leyo bujoliswe kumbindi ugobile embindini.

Ukwaba ixabiso ukukhawulezisa-avareji aphuculweyo kunye nje ngephanyazo. Owokuqala kufuneka kubalwe njengoko umlinganiselo izinga utshintsho kangangexesha elithile kweli xesha. Xa uzama ingqalelo ixesha lekhefu ukuya kwiqanda abonisa ukukhawulezisa nje ngephanyazo.

ixabiso Fifth - ukubetha

Kwenye indlela ibizwa ngokuba amandla. ixabiso yomzobo Pulse kungenxa yokuba enxulumene ngqo isantya kwaye amandla isicelo emzimbeni. Bobabini babo babe ulwalathiso wabeka ukubetha kwentliziyo yakhe.

Ngokwengcaciso, umphathi lo imveliso ubunzima bomzimba phezu rate. Ukusebenzisa ingqiqo amandla yequmrhu, oko kunokwenzeka kwenye irekhodi-eyaziwa umthetho Newton. Kubonakala ukuba utshintsho umfutho imveliso mandla xesha lekhefu.

Physics, indima ebalulekileyo ulondolozo oluqhubekekayo, nto leyo ithi ukuba sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo lwemizimba umfutho wayo iyonke njalo.

Thina zidweliswe ngokufutshane kakhulu, apho kuza (kumda wesangqa) wafunda kule khosi physics.

Umsebenzi mpembelelo inelastic

Isimo. On naLindiili na eqongeni zokubhala. Ukuze imoto eza ngesantya kwe-4 m / s. iqonga Ubunzima kunye nemoto - 10 no-40 neetoni ngokulandelelana. Imoto hits liqonga kukho coupler. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubala isantya nkqubo, "wagon" emva impembelelo.

Isigqibo. Okokuqala, le notation kufuneka lingeniswe: isantya imoto phambi ifuthe - v _1, loo nqwelo kunye eqongeni emva kokuba yeflakisi - V, m ubunzima wenqwelwana _1, iqonga - m _2. Ngokutsho ingxaki ixabiso Velocity v kufuneka ukwazi.

Imithetho ukusombulula imisebenzi enjalo kufuna imifanekiso inkqubo oganogram phambi nasemva basabela njani. I-axis inkabi kusengqiqweni ukuthumela ecaleni yimiqolo ngendlela apho imoto ihamba.

Phantsi kwezi meko kwisistim ingqalelo iinqwelo zivaliwe. Oku kuxhomekeka kukuba imikhosi yangaphandle nokungahoywa. Amandla womxhuzulane nesiseko indlela elungelelanisiweyo ukukhuhlana naLindiili azithathelwa ngqalelo.

Ngokutsho komthetho ulondolozo oluqhubekekayo, kumda wesangqa yabo ayilungise intsebenziswano emotweni kunye platform eqhelekileyo kufuphi nokuhlangana emva ifuthe. Okokuqala, iqonga akayi kushukunyiswa, ngoko ukubetha kwentliziyo yayo ngu zero. Ihamba imoto, umfutho wayo - imveliso ze m ₁ v _1.

Ekubeni yogwayimbo waba inelastic, okt inqwelo wasukuzana eqongeni, waza waqalisa ukuhamba kwicala elinye, isantya ayizange iguquke kwicala le nkqubo. Ke intsingiselo yawo eyahlukileyo. Oko kukuthi, imveliso wamcacisela inani ubunzima emotweni kunye eqongeni kunye nesantya efunekayo.

Sinako ukubhala lenxaki: m ₁ v ₁ * = (m ₁ + m ₂₎ * v. Kuya kuba njalo kuba ezayo isantya kumda wesangqa eya esqwini ekhethiweyo. Kungenxa yokuba kulula baphethe equation apho kufunekayo ukubala isantya efunekayo: v = m ₁ * v ₁ / (m ₁ + m _2).

Ngokutsho imithetho kufuneka zitshintshelwe ixabiso ubunzima eetoni ubunzima. Ngoko ke, ngokuthi kufakwe endaweni kwifomula kufuneka kuqala iphindaphindwe izixa eyaziwa amawaka nganye. izibalo ezilula anike inani 0.75 m / s.

Phendula. wagon nesantya eqongeni yi-0.75 m / s.

Ingxaki kunye ukwahlulwa ibe ngamalungu omzimba

Isimo. Speed iziqhushumbisi flying-20 m / s. Kubhaliwe lwaphulwa iziqwenga ezimbini. Ubunzima yokuqala 1.8 kg. It uqhubekela kwicala apho iziqhushumbisi sibhabhe ngesantya-50 m / s. Kwajongwa kwesibini ezinobunzima 1.2 kg. Yintoni isantya wayo?

Isigqibo. Makhe kwiinginginya amaqhekeza zibonakaliswe ngoonobumba m ₁ m _2. iirhafu zabo baya ngokulandelelana v ₁ v _2. Yokuqala Isantya iziqhushumbisi - v. Xa umsebenzi kufuneka ukubala ixabiso v _2.

Ukuze ungayekwa, ngakumbi waqhubeka ukuya kwicala elinye njengabanye nomrharnate, uphinde okwesibini ukubhabha kwicala esizikholelwayo. Ukuba ukhetha ulwalathiso ezimanyeneyo umntu lowo isantya ekuqaleni, emva ngokwaphula ungayekwa enkulu luphaphazela axis, nabancinane - nxamnye Axis.

Lo msebenzi livumelekile ukuba linikezele umthetho ukulondolozwa umfutho ngenxa yokuba i iziqhushumbisi phula kwenzeka kweso. Ngoko ke, nangona ukuba iziqhushumbisi yaye inxalenye amandla womxhuzulane, akabi nalo ixesha kumela kwaye utshintshe ulwalathiso kumda wesangqa nochatha ixabiso modulo layo.

Isixa omyinge kumda wesangqa umfutho emva isiqhushumbisi nguye weza phambi kwakhe. Ukuba ubhala umthetho ukulondolozwa amandla yequmrhu kwi ezayo kwi axis inkabi, ngoko iza kukhangeleka ngolu hlobo: (m ₁ + m ₂₎ * v = m * v _{1 1} - m ₂ * v _2. Ukusuka kube lula ukuchaza isantya oyifunayo. Oku kumiselwa ifomula: v ₂ = ((m ₁ + m ₂₎ * v - m ₁ * v ₁₎ / m _2. Emva ukufaka amaxabiso lwamanani ezifunyenwe izibalo, 25 m / s.

Phendula. Isantya-ngqangi omncinci yi-25 m / s.

Ingxaki malunga ekujikeni shot

Isimo. In ubunzima M imiselwe platform izixhobo. Ukusuka kwawo ke obethe projectile mass m. Isuka i α engile ukuya tye kunye Velocity v (banikwa kuthelekiswa emhlabeni). Ufuna ukwazi ixabiso isantya eqongeni emva ukudubula.

Isigqibo. Kulo msebenzi, ungasebenzisa umthetho ulondolozo oluqhubekekayo kwi ezayo kwi esqwini inkabi. Kodwa kuphela kwimeko apho uqikelelo yangaphandle imikhosi isiphumo ngu zero.

Ngenxa ye inkabi axis ukukhetha indlela apho projectile fly, kwaye ingqamene kumgca othe tye. Kulo mzekelo, i ezayo imikhosi womxhuzulane indlela floor inkabi uya kuba zero.

Le ngxaki isonjululwe ngendlela jikelele, kuba akukho idatha ethile malunga nobungakanani ezaziwayo. Impendulo yinto ifomula.

Iinkqubo Pulse beqhumisa ukuba zero, njengoko eqongeni kunye iqokobhe baba yima. Vumela Velocity wacela iqonga iya kuphawulwa unobumba Latin u. Emva koko umfutho wayo emva shot umiselwa nemveliso ubunzima kunye uqina ye zibalo. Ekubeni qonga umva wammisa (ngokuchasene inkabi axis indlela), ixabiso kwamaza negative.

angxamele projectile - imveliso ubunzima balo kunye nebonisa kwi isantya inkabi axis. Ngenxa yokuba le uqina sibhekiswe-engile kunina, nguye ezayo le uqina liphindaphindwe i cosine ye ekujikeni. Xa ukulingana kwamagama abo babeza khangela ngolu hlobo: 0 = - Mu + * cos MV α. Ngawo yinguqu ifomula impendulo elula zingafumaneka: u = (MV * cos α) / M.

Phendula. Isantya Platform buchazwa yi kwifomula u = (* cos MV α) / M.

Ingxaki ewela umfula

Isimo. Ububanzi lomlambo kunye ubude balo lonke efanayo yaye ulingana l, enxuseneyo kweendonga zayo. Kwakusazeka ukuba isantya lokuhamba kwamanzi omlambo v _1, yaye isikhephe yabucala ngesantya v _2. 1). Xa abasiki yokuwela impumlo mayibhekiswe ngqo kunxweme olungaphesheya. Kukude kangakanani ukuba uya kuthwala s nomfula? 2). Yeyiphi α engile kuyimfuneko ukuthumela impumlo esikhepheni, kangangokuba wafikelela kunxweme olungaphesheya kukuba nkqo ngokungqongqo sisisiqalo? Kangakanani ixesha t efunekayo sesifumene onjalo?

Isigqibo. 1). Isantya isikhephe epheleleyo udibaniso kumda wesangqa omyinge ezimbini. Eyokuqala ngenxa komlambo, nto leyo ngqo eselunxwemeni. Okwesibini - ngesantya isikhephe yabucala nkqo ukuya elunxwemeni. triangles ezimbini efanayo kulo mzobo ifunyenwe. Imvelaphi kwakhiwa ububanzi njengomlambo komgama izithonga mgawuli. Okwesibini - kumda wesangqa Velocity.

Baya kubonisa irekhodi enjalo: s / l = v ₁ / v _2. Emva kwengxoxo, Ifomula amaxabiso olungaziwayo: s = l * (v ₁ / v _2).

2). Kolu guqulelo lwe ngxaki ngesantya kumda wesangqa nkqo ukuya elunxwemeni. It ilingana eya kumda wesangqa mali v ₁ v _2. Sine ye engile apho kumda wesangqa kufuneka athambise isantya wakhe, lingana ne ukuya iimodyuli ratio v ₁ v _2. Ukubala ixesha lokuhamba efunekayo ukwahlula ububanzi ekuthini ngesantya ngokupheleleyo lomlambo. Ixabiso le yokugqibela ibalwe ngokungqinelana theorem kaPythagoras.

v = √ (v _{² Februwari} - v ₁ ^{of 2),} xa t = l / (√ (v _{ngoFebruwari ²} - v ₁ ^{of 2)).}

Phendula. 1). s = l * (v ₁ / v ₂₎ 2). isono α = v ₁ / v _2, t = l / (√ ( v ₂ ² - v ₁ ^2)).