Ozone (chemical element) Iipropati leligama ifomula

Kuyinto exabisekileyo kakhulu lonke uluntu iimpawu igesi ezifana ozone. Element, leyo ibunjiwe, - le ioksijini O. Enyanisweni, ozone O ₃ - omnye allotropic iinguqulelo kancinane oxygenation eyenziwa iiyunithi amathathu formular (O ÷ O ÷ G). A kuqala kunye eyaziwa ezimbaxa - ngokwaso igesi oxygen kanye ukuba ukhandwa athom ezimbini (D = O) - O _2.

Allotropy - ukukwazi element wemichiza ukwenza inani iipropati ezahlukeneyo iikhompawundi ezilula. Ngenxa uluntu abahlola esebenzisa izinto ezifana diamond kunye grafayithi, nesalfure monoclinic kunye orthorhombic, ioksijini, kunye ozone. Element ukuba nakho kwaloo akukho mfuneko ayiphelelanga ulungiso ezimbini kuphela, ngakumbi kubo.

History of iikhompawundi lokufumanisa

Iyunithi ingxenye kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, kubandakanywa ezifana Eziphelisa - into imichiza ogama O isimboli - Ioksijini, xa «oxys» Greek - ezimuncu, yaye «gignomai» - kubeleka.

Kuba okokuqala entsha ukuguqulwa allotropic oksijini ngexesha yemifuniselo kunye ugesi yafunyanwa ngo-1785 i-umDatshi Martijn van Maroun, ingqalelo yakhe ingqalelo ivumba. Kwinkulungwane kamva engumFrentshi Christian Friedrich Schönbein iqaphele ubukho efanayo emva uqhwithela, apho igesi yathiywa igama "kamnandi". Kodwa ezinye iingcali ukulahlekiswa, ekholelwa ukuba Imvo ivumba anuka ngokwakhe ozone. Ivumba ukuba babeziva awase khompawundi organic oxidized ngokuhlanganisa _no-3, njengoko berhasi izidubuli kakhulu.

isakhiwo electronic

Kwajongwa efanayo zokusebenza zezi O2 kunye O3 - into imichiza. Ozone na isakhiwo ezimbaxa ngakumbi. I-oxygen isekhona ilula - athom ezimbini mpilo kunye ngokuzikhanyeza kabini nezenziwe ϭ- π-candelo, ngokutsho valency le element. Malunga ₃ lunezakhiwo eziliqela resonant. bond Multiple ohlanganisa ioksijini ezimbini, kwaye eyesithathu unalo elinye. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokufuduka π-candelo, umfanekiso elipheleleyo athom bathathu banye kunye uxhulumaniso enesiqingatha. Olu lwalamano elifutshane nje enye, kodwa ixesha elide kabini. Amathuba yokuphinda iimolekyuli oosonzululwazi baqhuba imifuniselo ngaphandle.

iindlela yokuqaphela

Kuba ukuyilwa igesi ezifana ozone, element Oxygen kwemichiza kufuneka sibe eliphakathi sukube ngokohlobo atom ngamnye. Iimeko ezinjalo sidalwe Ukuntlithwa komhlaba mpilo kunye elektroni O ₂ ngexesha ugesi okanye amasuntswana amandla eliphezulu, yaye xa okufakwe nokukhanya eyingozi.

isabelo yengonyama kwesixa-mali sisonke Kwezinto Eziphelisa eziveliswa indlela nomsi kwi iimeko zendalo esesibhakabhakeni. Abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa umsebenzi eekhemikhali ezinye iindlela ezifana, ngokomzekelo, kuyondelelaniswe electrolytic. It sikuko ukuba platinum electrode electrolyte medium zolwelo obekwe kwaye bavunyelwe yangoku. Iskimu asabela:

H ₂ O + O ₂ → O ₃ + H ₂ + e ^-

iipropati ngokomzimba

Oksijini (O) - unit icandelo ezifana kweziyobisi ozone - element iikhemikhali olungumgubo nesihlobo mass izinyo kabani zidweliswe kule theyibhile ngamaxesha athile. Ndiyila i O ₃ ioksijini, oko ofumana iipropati ezahlukeneyo kuyaphi kwezo O _2.

Gas blue - oku yimeko eqhelekileyo iikhompawundi ezifana ozone. Chemical element ifomula iimpawu oluninzi - zonke ezichazwe ekuchongeni isifundo kweziyobisi. Abilayo ukuze -111,9 ° C, chaza lwepetroliyam inombala omnyama ezimfusa, lo gama yandisa ngakumbi ekwiqondo eliphezulu ukuya -197,2 ° C yokunyibilikisa iqala. Xa imeko esiluqilima udibaniso ozone uba umbala omnyama kunye nombala purple. Its amaxesha ukunyibilika ezilishumi ngaphezulu kunokuba na impahla ioksijini O _2. Xa lamanani kakhulu ezincinane emoyeni ivumba ozone, oko esibukhali, ngqo kwaye ufana ivumba ngentsimbi.

iipropati chemical

esebenzayo kakhulu, kunye ngokwembono reaction, i-gas ozone. isiqalelo Chemical ukuba yakha - i-oksijini. Iimpawu ezibonakalisa imo ozone kwi intsebenziswano kunye nezinye izinto, - ikhono oxidizing aphezulu kunye nokungazinzi ze gesi ngokwayo. Kwiqondo lobushushu eziphakamileyo, ibola ngesantya ibonwe, ukukhawulezisa inkqubo kunye ehlanganisa ezifana oxides yesinyithi, yeKhlorini dioxide, nitrogen kunye nabanye. Iipropati Oxidant iimpawu ezingundoqo noshowo ozone ngenxa nokushukumisa molecule kunye elinye kunye athom mpilo, lusicande iba gas ioksijini: O ₃ → O ₂ + O ·

Oksijini (ibhloko yokwakha ukusuka apho molecule kwakhiwa ezifana oksijini ozone izinto) - into imithi. Njengoko kubhaliweyo quadratic yokusabela - Malunga ne-·. Ozone yiluciferase ngesinyithi ngaphandle igolide, platinum kunye nomnye yayo. Idityaniswe yeegesi kwi-atmosfera - oxides ze isalfure, nitrogen kunye nabanye. Not kuhlala izinto egalelwe organic, ingakumbi iinkqubo ngokukhawuleza ezi discontinuities imixokelelwane ezininzi ngokuthi kwakhiwe iikhompawundi aphakathi. Kunyanzelekile ukuba iimveliso indlela azinabungozi okusingqongileyo kunye nabantu. Esi namanzi, ioksijini, oxides eziphezulu ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, oxides le carbon. Reaction ne ozone akezi iikhompawundi kokubini lwe calcium, titanium kunye lesilicon mpilo.

isicelo

Eyona ndawo iphambili apho kusetyenziswa "ukusezela" igesi - it ozonation. Loo indlela nzala kakuhle kakhulu kwaye kukhuseleke eziphilayo ngaphezu chlorine kweentsholongwane. Xa amanzi nyulu kunye ozone Ukwakheka kwenzeka yezabelo yityhefu methane halogen eyingozi endaweni.

Iya isanda, le ndlela ecological nzala isetyenziswa yokudla. Ozone iphathwa izixhobo ifriji, iindawo zokugcina iimveliso kunye uncedo naye zisuse ziziqhumiso.

Kuba amagciwane iimpawu zonyango Kwezinto Eziphelisa nazo ufunwayo. Bona magciwane inxeba, izisombululo saline. igazi Ozonated lwemithambo, kwakunye 'elimnandi "igesi ukunyanga izifo ezingapheliyo.

Ukuba semvelo kunye nexabiso

Simple into ozone - ukwakheka igesi mmandla stratosphere kufuphi isithuba emi umgama omalunga 20-30 km ukusuka kumphezulu. Ukuqhela le ezimbaxa kwenzeka ngexesha iinkqubo ezinxulumene iphiko zombane, ngexesha welding, izixhobo WOKUKOPA. Kodwa stratosphere ngayo ibunjiwe iqulethe 99% yemali iyonke Kwezinto Eziphelisa ezikhoyo ojikeleze umhlaba.

Kubalulekile kwaba ubukho berhasi kwisithuba kufutshane-Earth. Wenza apho i ebizwa ngokuba yi-ozone umaleko, ekhusela bonke ubomi yemisebe ebulalayo ultraviolet elanga. Isimanga, kodwa belingana inzuzo enkulu, irhasi ngokwayo ayingozi ebantwini. Ukwandisa xi Kwezinto Eziphelisa kwi umntu umoya zokuphefumla ziyingozi ephilayo, ngenxa reactivity yayo obukhulu.