Le IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, "Operation Edelweiss"

Xa kwacaca ukuba "Blitzkrieg" (isicwangciso imfazwe umbane kwi Mpuma Front isiqaqa) kwaye ziya kuba idabi elide, uHitler wayemise ngokwakhe umsebenzi yomkhosi Wehrmacht ukuze bazisunduze Amaqumrhu ithuba niwuzalise isitokhwe amafutha ngeendleko emasimini yeoli abaseAfrika ngoJuni 1942. Ngenxa yoko, amaJamani bazama ophela umkhosi womoya kunye nezithuthi transport ye-Red Army. Wenziwa kule nkqubo yale nkqubo lokufakwa eCaucasus ukuba ikhowudi-ogama "Operation Edelweiss". Ngokufutshane malunga uninzi lo msebenzi yaye kutheni amaNazi ababa saba nako nakugqiba, uya kuxelelwa ngayo kweli nqaku.

Zezomntu izicwangciso umyalelo German

Ukuze agcwalise umsebenzi iseti uMlawuli, Army Group "A" headed Jikelele Field Marshal UWilhelm Igqabi, waba, ngokudlula kummango west abaseAfrika kunye yokufakwa kwedatha Novorossiisk ugwayimbo kwi Tuapse, ngumbindi lommandla oyile enkulu. Ngelo xesha ukufaka Grozny kunye Baku kwicala elingasempumalanga kummango yabangela Army Group "B", enye phantsi umyalelo Field Marshal - Fedor von Bock.

Kwanangaphambi lohlaselo yaqala Jamani ngenjongo ukusebenza amasimi abaseAfrika iinkampani ezimbini ioli zasekwa, oko safumana ilungelo elikhethekileyo ixesha leminyaka 99. Ukongeza, i-Umyalelo High uyalelwe ukuba bayeke yonke kuqhuma iinkalo umdla kushishino German. Ukhuseleko zonke izinto bengamabanjwa amaJamani wabekwa ngaphambili kunye amajoni SS kunye eyeke neeyunithi owayelutshaba Don Cossacks Jikelele Krasnov.

Ekubeni ukusebenza "Edelweiss" ijoliswe isisombululo wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo qhinga, ngoko nokubulawa imikhosi yayo elikhulu babethunyiwe, iquka 168 lamawaka. Amajoni namagosa Wehrmacht kunye ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 amawaka. Amatanki. Ukongeza, kunye emkhosini eCaucasus wathunyelwa kwiingcali Oil malunga ne-14 amawaka..

Division Highland Fusiliers

Ekubeni "Edelweiss" - ukusebenza zomkhosi, kwaqhutywa kummandla zaseCaucasus ntaba uluhlu, ngoko ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa ngempumelelo amaJamani bazama ukufumana inzuzo eliphezulu iimpawu zendalo lommandla. Ukuba ekuchithweni kwayo Mountain Division, elinabasebenzi ngabantu bomthonyama kwimimandla weentaba akumazantsi eBavaria, kwakunye ezemidlalo-climbers, umyalelo ayabele ngayo indima ephambili kwindlela enza ngayo umsebenzi ekujongwe.

Units yeli candelo, kakhulu, ngasendleleni, ubizwa ngokuba "Edelweiss", wayalelwa, ukuqhekeza kwindawo wahlala entabeni Elbrus ungakhuselekanga, ukubetha Ezomva iiyunithi Soviet owayezama ukunqanda kusengaphambili Army Group "A". Ngoko ke kushenxa ngendlela entsonkothileyo yenzelwe Red ukuba kukukhabise okungalindelekanga kwaye ngokwenjenjalo uthabathe inyathelo lokuqala.

Swastika on Elbrus

Ukulungiselela inguqu yomkhosi ephambili Wehrmacht ngodlame, 5 Mountain Division umlomo, iyileyo ibe ngabantu ukuya ku-90, safudukela phambili kwaye, emi phezu komhlaba eziphakamileyo, wemba. Apho ke kubo efakwe imipu umatshini nemipu intaba. Ukuphakamisa isimo salo nabasebenzi iiyunithi, leyo ukusebenza imikhosi "Edelweiss" kuthwalelwa phandle, umyalelo waseJamani wayalelwa ukuba kuyo yonke indawo kwi amanqaku aphezulu iseti, iiflegi amaNazi.

Le umyalelo lwaqhutywa ukusuka pedantry nje isiJamani, kwaye sele Agasti 21, kunye amalaphu anomyalezo swastika wendiza kule ntaba empuma nasentshona iNtaba Elbrus. Ngaphandle kokuba esi senzo uthathe kakhulu umgudu kwaye ibangele ulibaziseko ekuhambeni ngokusebenza, waba ixabiso elikhulu buvuvu, enika isizathu sokuba cofa Goebbels wazibeka phezu izihloko kwiphepha elingaphambili, bezishumayela ukuba ukususela ngoku iimpukane iflegi German ngaphezu kwindawo eliphezulu Europe.

On top of umphathi Mountain amaqela Jikelele Hubert Lanz wathumela eBerlin okukule filimu, wadubula ngokukhethekileyo wafika kulo sihlandlo, abasebenzi, wathabatha inyathelo igama Elbrus incopho ukumbiza Hitler.

inkampani engenagama

Njengoko uninzi mbali wamajoni, yaba yinto epheleleyo iindaba umyalelo waseSoviet ukuba amaJamani akwazi sikhwele kumathambeka intaba phantse ingafikeleleki, yaye ukongezelela, zokubekwa emantloko amanqaku badubula.

Eethenda of umyalelo bayalelwa ukuba knock nangoko ngaphandle. Noko ke, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kwaba iyunithi ungxamile ukusekwa kuphela, zinabantu owayesakuba amahashe Budyonny, wayengazi nto imfazwe kuphela kwiindawo weentaba, kodwa ngokubanzi, nkqu ngeenyawo, ngokunjalo ukususela tylovikov, uninzi lwazo ayigalelwa iingalo ezandleni.

Le yunithi ungxamile ukusekwa nani layo nje kuphela ezisemthethweni, kodwa uluhlu lwamagama wamajoni. Myalelo umsebenzi kuphela iliso - weenwele izolo i-zabasetyhini Grigoryants, eziveliswe ngaphambi nje elinye.

Xa likaxakeka,

Ukanti ke kwakufuneka ukulwa ngeentolo hlula uyakhetha "Edelweiss". Operation 1942 ukufaka neCaucasus ifikelele incopho yawo ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, xa iyunithi Grigoryants phantsi kwekhwapha lobumnyama nenkungu, rhoqo ukuze ngeli xesha lonyaka, wavuka waya ukuphakama entabeni kudlula Terskol. umsebenzi wabo ukuze ngesiquphe ukuhlasela utshaba, kumenza kuxhoba aye kwizikhundla ahlala ngaphambili.

Emva kokugqiba inxalenye yokuqala yesicwangciso, nokuvuka ukuya uphawu kwangaphambili, amajoni Red Army baba kwimeko kakhulu. Xa inkungu kusasa waphakamisa, bona, ukuba ngasezintabeni lwavuleka kancinane baseJamani asezantsi ukumela ithagethi zilungele ukuba abatoli intaba. Ukuthumela namajoni ebufundisini, umyalelo ayiqalisi ukuqinisekisa ezingutyeni zabo ukuzifihla, kunye ingubo zabo ebumnyameni wema ngokucacileyo nxamnye mhlophe qhwa.

Heroes emathafeni abanda

Ukuhlalutya imeko yangoku, ababhali-mbali zomkhosi ziye ngamxhelo wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba sombutho enesibindi Grigoryants engayanga ithuba nje kuphela ukuze bawubuyise amaJamani ukusuka kwizikhundla zabo langoku, kodwa ukuze bahlale bephila. Kuyabonakala ukuba, kuyaqondakala ngokwabo i-Red Army, kodwa wenza ke, njengoko amaqhawe wokwenene.

iileta abalondolozwa majoni amaJamani - amalungu ukusebenza, apho bethetha umbilini njani na oko wajonga kutshabalala, kodwa ngoku- amajoni, ngokoqobo wawalwela yonke imitha kwithambeka aqumbe. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba nabuya umva, kunye nokufa kuphela wayeka nesibindi. Kuyinto zibonwe inkalipho kwangaphambili ikamva ukuwa kwabo intengiselwano "Edelweiss".

Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1942 ngokomyalelo umyalelo yiSoviet kwi Elbrus wathunyelwa iyunithi eyodwa, olu sapho lwaluquka amajoni nocatshulo oqeqeshiwe. Ezi zibandakanya amagosa NKVD abaye uqeqesho oluyimfuneko, kunye climbers zobungcali. Noko ke, ngoncedo lwabo abakwazanga ezamahala kummandla weentaba evela amaJamani.

Ukuwa "Operation Edelweiss"

Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha imfazwe wayesondela yenguqu isigqibo, evela ngokoyiswa imikhosi zesiJamani kwi Stalingrad. Kwaye nangona ngelo xesha Division Paulus kodwa waqhubeka ukuxhathisa, kwaye kwacaca ukuba umphumo edabini ekufanele bayifumane.

Njengoko kunjalo ngokoyiswa zesiJamani kwi Stalingrad Intaba Candelo ekugqibeleni singqongwe, Wehrmacht nabathetheli wanika umyalelo zokurhoxiswa wayo ukusuka kwindawo zaseCaucasus. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi "Edelweiss" iqale ngempumelelo yaye ngokubanzi wakhuthaza Goebbels Sobulungiseleli wajika ukusilela.

Amaqhawe Ngamagama kunye ubuqhawe yazo

Kubuhlungu, kodwa phantse akukho namnye evela iiyunithi hero ongasekhoyo wabumba ukusuka tylovikov nowayesakuba budonovtsev khange kokufa ikhethiwe amabhaso, yaye naphi na apho ukukhunjulwa kwabo endiyimisileyo ezikhumbuzo. Ngaphezu koko, wahlala engaziwayo kude kuse amagama abalinganiswa, njengoko ungxamile, kwahlanganisana inkampani, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, ukuba nje kuphela amanani amajarha, kodwa uluhlu lwabasebenzi.

Noko ke, sinokholo aba bantu mkhulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kuba ebulela kuphela ngenkalipho bakwazi ukubambelela Elbrus amajoni aseJamani kwaye ukubandulula, ngokudlulisela noluhlu Caucasus, ukubetha Ezomva umkhosi Soviet, ukuxhathisa uhlaselo Army "A" isiJamani yaye "B". feat wabo wayengomnye ugqaliselo ezininzi ubuqhawe amajoni babangenagama eSoviet ukuba yonke IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic yanikezelwa.

"Operation Edelweiss", wamitha kwaye kwenziwa amaJamani ngokuthobela imigaqo yobugcisa wamajoni, nazo ukumelana abantu inzondelelo ukuya ngaphaya izakhono zabantu ezikhoyo, Nosindiso ogama Yayingekho.

Ukukhunjulwa iminyaka yemfazwe

Namhlanje, lo lesikhumbuzo kuphela ezi ziganeko kukho amabhodlo Elbrus le ntaba iphakamileyo ehotele eSoviet Union (4130 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle), xa kuthiwa "elinanye Shelter" kwaye yatshiswa ngo-1998. Ngeli xesha xa umsebenzi lwenziwa yi amaJamani "Edelweiss" (BOB) kuyo headquarter Mountain Division Vermahta.

Ngenxa inkampani yobugorha uLieutenant Grigoryants kunye feat kwabo uluntu jikelele uyazi encinane kakhulu, lo msantsa wagqiba ukuzalisa bhanya Russian. Ngo-2012, abalawuli Ruslan Bozhko Igorem Malahovym amaxwebhu "Operation" Edelweiss "yathathwa. imfihlakalo yokugqibela. " Abenzi benza umsebenzi omkhulu, izinto ezigcinwe kwii-akhayivu ye basekhaya angaphandle nokufunda.

Isizathu yokwenza lo mboniso yaqala ukubonakala koonondaba malunga kukuba kule mihla phezu kwamaxandeka Elbrus climbers kusiba waqala ukufumana ezisagcinwe umkhenkce uhlala yamajoni Soviet. Ngenxa yokuba, ngokutsho iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni, kummandla izenzo ezibalulekileyo zomkhosi singàphunyezwa (umyalelo eSoviet akazange sicinga miscalculations abo), kwavela umbuzo: yintoni eyenzeka ngokwenene apho ebudeni bemfazwe? Ukusukela ukuba babenolwazi ubuqhawe ngamajoni, ekuthe umsebenzi wathiywa "Edelweiss" yaye ubeke umqobo endleleni ethath ioli abaseAfrika.