Tretyakov Ithala lemifanekiso: iiholo kunye abayichaza

Tretyakov Gallery - enye lwembali idumileyo eRashiya kunye nehlabathi jikelele. Umboniso ngokubanzi iquka ixesha ukususela kwinkulungwane elinanye ukuya namhlanje. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba Tretyakov Gallery, apho iiholo baba ibonisa zobugcisa Russian ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, lwaqala ingqokelela labucala.

Ukwabelana ekhaya

House e Lavrushinsky Lane Tretyakov owafunda 1851. Intloko yentsapho, uPavel, yaba ochumayo, kodwa yena van'wankumi obalaseleyo, imali kwiinkqubo ezininzi exhasayo. Yena waba mqokeleli ukufunda, ukuqokelela imizobo, imifanekiso, imifanekiso kunye nezinye wezandla.

Kwafuneka usukelo lwehlabathi - ukwenza gallery wesizwe, kwaye hayi nje imyuziyam. Ukuqala kwaqokelelwa imifanekiso ezilishumi apeyintiweyo yi iinkosi Dutch. Ekuqaleni, lo Tretyakov Gallery, apho iiholo zivulekile kuphela kumalungu osapho kunye neendwendwe, waba sendlwini, apho Tretyakov waphila. Kodwa ingqokelela ngokukhawuleza wakhula, neendawo ukubonisa akwanelanga. Xa umnini ubomi wavelisa ngokutsha ezininzi. Xa Pavle Mihayloviche isixeko abemi ithuba atyelele iziko yenkcubeko ezifana Tretyakov Gallery. Amagumbi landiswa kunye mboniso likhule rhoqo. Kwi baduma le myuziyam kukuba kule minyaka yokuqala emine iindwendwe ezingaphezu kwama-30 amawaka abantu.

kwiminyaka engama-40 emva kokuba Enyanisweni, njengokuba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni ukuqokelelwa, Pavel Tretyakov wayinika njengesipho eMoscow. Le ntlanganiso zincediswe imisebenzi yobugcisa agcinwe umzalwana yesibini, Sergei. Ngoko kwabakho eMoscow "Gallery of Pavel kunye Sergei Tretyakov." Enye van'wankumi ezaziwayo-kakuhle Morozov wamnikela obukhulu yi Renoir, Van Gogh, Monet. Nangona ukudluliselwa mzi, bethabathela umxhasi waqhubeka nizalise ingqokelela. Emva kokufa Tretyakov indlu yonke Lavrushinsky nasezirhangeni phezu yi umzi.

New Life Collection

Ngowe-1913, omnye umphathiswa kunye nomlawuli we kwigalari waqeshwa I. E. Grabar. Wayengenguye nje abanetalente igcisa, ngokomakhi nobugcisa mbali, kodwa somhleli. Ukuba bachitha umsebenzi omkhulu systematizing ingqokelela. Wazabela eli laphu lamathuba yezembali, kangangokuba iindwendwe bafumana ithuba umkhondo uphuhliso zobugcisa Russian. Xa waliseka, kwaye kumasifundisane nokubuyiselwa. Ekupheleni konyaka umsebenzi ejinga entendelezweni Tretyakov Gallery, baba iyafumaneka ukuze ihlolwe luluntu jikelele.

Emva kokuba revolution, indibano iphela waba uhulumeni yaye zinikwe kwiriphabliki abatsha. Kuye kwamiselwa "State Tretyakov Gallery", ogama amaziko kwenziwa zifumaneke kuzo zonke iinxalenye yabemi. Ingqokelela ikhule kakhulu ngenxa unxulumano namanye iimyuziyam kwaneempepha zabucala ukudluliswa, leyo uhulumeni ngexesha leSoviet.

Ngexesha lemfazwe iingqokelela lwembali wafuduselwa naseNovosibirsk. AmaNazi ATM mercilessly eyinkunzi. Ezimbini sazo eliphezulu-izidubedube 1941 emehlweni ngqo Tretyakov Gallery, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu. Kodwa ke kunyaka olandelayo, waqalisa Ukubuyiselwa myuziyam, yaye ngowe-1944 ucango gallery abemi owuthandayo kwengqukuva ngokutsha wavula-kuluntu.

iiholo of the Tretyakov Gallery

Ukususela Ukusungulwa walo, isakhiwo igalari ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela. Kukho zinakho ezintsha kunye nendawo bokuba njenge nezokuqokelela lonke uzuko lwayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-ingcaciso ifumaneka kumagumbi 106. Eyona ise isakhiwo Lavrushinsky Lane, apho 62. nazo iquka museum-ibandla St .. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, kumasifundisane-imyuziyam Golubkina, Vasnetsov House-Museum kunye nendlu-myuziyam ka Corina. Wonke igumbi Tretyakov Gallery - lithuba ukuyiphatha ubugcisa, bona akrelekrele. Ingqokelela iqulethe imiboniso ezimawaka 150, uninzi lwazo eziqhelekileyo wonke ukususela ebuntwaneni. yakhiwe ezininzi mizobo ifakiwe iincwadi esikolweni kulo lonke elo lizwe. On le mifanekiso ungafunda Russian. Ngapha koko, siya kuba ulwandle, njengoko le mizobo yi Aivazovsky, ehlathini - ezifana Shishkin, imvelo Levitan. Nditsho lo mfanekiso ilungileyo Pushkin, kumntu wonke yesikolo, wakubeka apha.

iholo iconography

Kuzo zonke iimbombo kwimimandla Tretyakov Gallery uye imizobo, ugu. Kodwa mhlawumbi omnye iiholo kunazo zonke - a iconography eholweni. Xa uthumela Pavel ukuqokelelwa kunye emifanekiso wamnika 62 icons kwiqoqo yakhe. Ke kaloku, kule myuziyam kukho amakhulu eziliqela. Ngamnye kubo imela umendo Orthodox ezweni Russian. Phakathi kwabo imisebenzi ngo- Rublev, Theophanes yesiGrike kunye nezinye ngabapeyinti dumeke. Ke kaloku omnye imifanekiso ezininzi iziqu kunye yamandulo waboniswa ibandla kwikhaya le Tretyakov Gallery - i Vladimir uMama kaThixo. Yena uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-900.

Ukwazi Lavrushinsky Lane

Esi sakhiwo e Lavrushinsky Lane, yayingeyiyo Vasnetsov kwemi, le njongo iphambili yale minikelo. Amagumbi 62, zohlulwa zayimimandla-7, ngokulandelelanayo, ebonisa imisebenzi yi artists ilungileyo Russia hayi kuphela. Indlela enkulu azifani Tretyakov Gallery. Inkcazelo amagumbi athathe imiqulu emininzi yohlelo yoshicilelo le. Ukuya kwi uhambo, kungcono ukukhetha igcisa ethile okanye ukupeyinta, leyo bachitha ixesha elininzi. Kungenjalo, nolwazi iigalari liya kuba phezulu kakhulu kwaye zingagqibeki. Amagama kwiiholo ye Tretyakov Gallery oluhambisana kudandalaza zazo.

Ngoko ke, lo zobugcisa yamandulo Russian imelwe iconography.

Yaye kwiiholo ye XVIII-XIX weminyaka Ndinibonisile imizobo ngcungela ezinkulu Levitsky, Rokotoff ivanova, Bryullov. Ukubonakalisa womzobo ivanov "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu" kwakhiwa igumbi okhethekileyo. Kwaye kugquma eni adumileyo elona nani likhulu angaziwa. Kwakubalulekile ukuba zifake ze badlulisele kwi Isinikezeli iimo kunye nesimilo ndoda, kodwa ke akunyanzelekanga ukuba sibe abadumile. Ukususela imisebenzi Bryullov makuqatshelwe umsebenzi ngobuciko owenziwe "Le Rider", apho intombazana eselula kunye Ubabalo ihlala bangxabalaze inkunzi yehashe yinzwakazi.

Kwakhona sitsala ingqalelo eholweni, apho imisebenzi amagcisa kwesiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX. Apho unako hlala kwihlabathi omlingo yobugcisa zinjalo, apho zonke inkcukacha kubulawa kunye eligcwele emangalisayo. Emifanekisweni Repin uziva ngokwasemzimbeni kwakunjani ilanga lishushu kwi ingca njengoko kwegqabi ngalinye njengokuhexa umoya. A "namaqhawe ezintathu" Vasnetsov namhlanje ukukhusela imida yelizwe kubahlaseli engamenywanga. Hi ndlela leyi, apha ungabona baze basebenze Vasnetsov Bush.

ukupeyinta Surikov kaThixo "Boyar tvoix" okanye "Morning of the Strelets loSetyenziso" lidlulisela ngobunzulu nakwiimvakalelo nxaxheba nganye kwezo ziganeko. Akukho mntu abangakhathaliyo okanye uphawu nje. Zonke ebhalwe ngokuqinisekileyo, kuba iyamangalisa.

Xa ebonisa ukupeyinta XIX-XX iinkulungwane, osondeza umsebenzi buchopho ezifana Serov, Vrubel, kwakunye nabameli kweManyano Artists Russian.

Ubuncwane Art Russian

Ezinkulu kwaye izintlobo Tretyakov Gallery. Iiholo, Imizobo, imifanekiso, imizobo akayi kungamohlwayi nabani na akanankathalo. Inxalenye eyahlukileyo lo mboniso i "Treasury", de apha izinto ezenziwe amatye anqabileyo kunye GEMS. bejewellery Emihle ukusebenza umdla.

yemizobo

A kwigumbi elahlukileyo luzinikele zobugcisa mifanekiso. Yonke imisebenzi thaca kule nqubo, oko wanxunguphala kakhulu kokukhanya, kuba indalo ethe-ethe. Ngoko ke, ukuba babonise ukukhanyisa zabo ezizodwa ifakiwe, iphazamisekile kancinane. Apha sile ingqokelela inkulu imizobo Russian. Kunye elincinane kodwa akukho ingqokelela ngaphantsi ezixabisekileyo kumlindi efinyeziweyo.

art owayephila

Esakhiweni Krymsky Val, ezinxulumene Tretyakov Gallery, anikezele art ukusuka kwixesha eSoviet ukuya namhlanje. Iindwendwe babukela ngomdla njengoko ideology iphembelela mculi.

amakhosi Hall

Ingqokelela Unomsebenzi owodwa, kwaye kukho ingqokelela yonke lwemizobo ngayo inkosi. Igumbi eyayinikelwe wegcisa kwi Tretyakov Gallery, iqulathe kuphela imisebenzi lamathuba ezahlukeneyo. yavlyatsya mboniso okunjalo imisebenzi yi Shishkin. Kodwa ezinye ukuwubamba ibrashi bafumene ilungelo elinjalo.

Ukususela Umqala wamantla ayo, i Tretyakov Gallery yaba zizityebi ingqokelela emifanekiso yobuciko. Nditsho museum Russian, kusekwa kwinqanaba likarhulumente kulo, ukulahlekelwa ethandwa kule ntlanganiso ethile.