Umceli-mngeni xa kusenziwa isigqibo yi kuqoqosho. Iifomula kuqoqosho ukuhlangabezana nemingeni

Namhlanje siza kufunda ukusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho ezivela kumashishini ezahlukeneyo. Le nkcazelo iya kuba luncedo abo basanda kuqala ukufunda economics (kwaye nkqu nabo banomdla nje kuyo), kunye nabantu sele beyazi indlela yokucombulula iingxaki yaye wenze kakuhle. Ngapha koko, uqeqesho soze kakhulu kakhulu, kwaye uphindaphindo - unina yokufunda. Kodwa phambi kokuba umboniso, ukusombulula le okanye ingxaki nakwezoqoqosho, ndikuxelele konke kwaqala ngayo.

indaba

Kukho inzululwazi yonke, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "imbali Economic". Ixilonga ngayo ubudlelwane yezoqoqosho phakathi kwabantu zitshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha nendlela le inzululwazi baba oko sikubonayo kube ngoku. Ukuba ucinga ngayo, kuyacaca ukuba inzululwazi yezoqoqosho ukususela kumaxesha amandulo abasingqongileyo. Umzekelo, nkqu kuluntu abangekaphuhli kwakukho ekuthiwa-"unaniselwano" - oko kukuthi, abantu zitshintshe izinto zabo kwenye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali. Ngokuthe ngcembe kukho nemali, wadlala yi ngegolide. De kube ngoku, amazwe amaninzi eziqikelelwa oovimba elilingana yegolide. Okokuqala, igolide kunye nezinye amatye anqabileyo, emiswe etshe, kodwa eGrisi yamandulo naseRoma yamandulo baqalisa zazinegama iingqekembe. Coins ixesha elide yahlulwe igolide, nesilivere, nobhedu. Ekugqibeleni safika kuloo lwemali ziyabona ngoku.

Zeziphi iingxaki

Makhe sihlolisise iindidi nathi ngoku, uze imizekelo iingxaki nasekusombululeni kuqoqosho, iimpendulo apho zifumaneka ekupheleni kweli nqaku. Okokuqala siya ukuqonda, yintoni iintlobo iingxaki. Bona azakubalulwa kushishino, kwi ngasinye apho formula yayo ukubala. Ukwahlula uqoqosho lweshishini, ezoqoqosho yabasebenzi, amanani ezoqoqosho, olukhulu kunye microeconomics. Makhe sithethe kancinci ngazo zonke ezi mveliso.

Ukuqala Makhe sihlolisise eli candelo, njengoko uqoqosho mbutho. Iingxaki nezisombululo uyakwazi ukufumana ngezantsi.

Economics Business

Eli candelo izalana ngokusondeleyo ezibanzi kunye microeconomics. Business Economics ufunda isakhiwo, ingakumbi umjikelo wemveliso, ukuyilwa ezingahambisekiyo kunye capital ukusebenza, ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso kwimveliso kunye nolawulo lulonke lombutho uzihlele. Eyona njongo iphambili yale candelo ukufikelela yenzuzo ngendleko ephantsi, kwakunye nokubunjwa lwemisebenzi yemveliso. Business Economics kwakhona lifunda imisebenzi nkampani yaye indawo yayo kwimarike, ukuhlalutya iindlela ukunyusa imo yemali. Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe xa usombulula iingxaki ngalo mbandela.

Eneneni, akukho nto kunzima ukuqonda indlela uqoqosho isebenza umbutho. Iingxaki nezisombululo, ngasendleleni, unako ukufumana ngaphantsi kancinci.

economics zabasebenzi

Sinokuthi le ndawo elucwangciso olusezantsi lwe kowangaphambili, kodwa oku akuyonyani. Labor Economics ihlaziya kwimarike yemisebenzi, sele bafunda impefumlelwano abasebenzi yokugaya. Oku kwakhona, Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukuba iimfuno kwezenzululwazi ukuba kufundwa. LezaBasebenzi Economics idlala indima ephambili kulawulo lwamashishini. Ngapha koko, ngaphandle abasebenzi isenokungabi imveliso yempahla.

nkcazo ezoqoqosho

Eli candelo lijongene ukufunda kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani kunye neenkqubo kwezoqoqosho. Xa ithiyori ye-manani lusekelwe kwithiyori kwezoqoqosho kwaye ahlalutye iinkqubo kuyo nayiphi na indawo ngoncedo nemithetho yayo. Kuye inxulumene ne kuhlalutyo kwezoqoqosho kunye manani zentlalo-yezibalo.

Uqoqosho

Isifundo zophononongo lwe Uqoqosho yimiba ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho kunye neziganeko. Iyilelwe ukuba ukuhlalutya nokuchonga iipateni neziphumo ezifana iyonke ingeniso yesizwe, umgangatho namaxabiso kunye nengqesho. Enyanisweni, luhlanganisa iinkqubo isitsha nabaphatha ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, kwezinye amacandelo ukuze ekusombululeni ingxaki enokusetyenziswa indlela soqoqosho.

microeconomics

Uhlalutyo ezicacileyo ukuba luthathelwe ingqalelo eyodwa njengesixhobo enceda ukuba uchaze ukuba wenze njani izigqibo yezoqoqosho zolawulo kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi. Ukuba Uqoqosho uphonononga izisombululo kwelona nqanaba liphezulu, umzekelo, kwinqanaba likarhulumente kulo, ukuba uyayivumela uhlalutyo microeconomics kwinqanaba kwinkampani ethile.

Iifomula Economy

Ukusombulula iingxaki, sidinga ulwazi ithiyori kunye neefomula. Walhule kubo isicelo shishino, kwaye uqale kuqoqosho lweshishini. Makhe siqale kwizalathisi inzuzo. Ubonisa indlela yokunxulumanisa omnye komnye kunye ingeniso avareji yexabiso yeshishini le-asethi ezisisigxina. Ngokwezibalo, oku iyakubonakaliswa njenge: R = P / SSG. Impendulo esiyifumana amaqhezu yunithi, kwaye ukuba sifuna ukufumana ipesenti inzuzo, kuyimfuneko ukuba phinda phinda ixabiso waba 100%. Kwakhona, kuqwalaselwa iimeko ezifana kwimveliso eyinkunzi (Fotd) Fondoomkost (Fomk) kunye Fondovooruzhonnost (Fvoor). ubalo lwabo kwakhona akukho nzima: Fotd = N / SSG, apho N - umthamo kwentengiso; Fomk = 1 / Fotd; Fvoor = SSG / Chrab apho "Chrab" - inani labasebenzi (i-avareji).

Xa ifomula ezininzi, gqolo kubonakala SSG - i-avareji yeendleko yonyaka zokusebenza eyinkunzi. Indlela ukubala ngayo? Kukho indlela elula kakhulu: CN = SSG + SS * FM / 12 - SL * (M-12) / 12. Makhe sihlolisise into ixabiso ethile ngamnye. "C" - lixabiso yokuqala yokusebenza eyinkunzi, "SS" - ixabiso asethi wangena, "iNdebe yeHlabathi" - inani leenyanga wangena ukusebenza ezingahambisekiyo ebudeni bonyaka, "okuku" - ixabiso impahla. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba uthathe ithuba olungumgubo lula kwenyanga ngaphandle iindlela ezisisiseko: SSG = (CGS-kaKishe) / 2. KaKishe apha - hayi i-Commonwealth of Independent States, kwaye ixabiso ezingahambisekiyo ekuqaleni konyaka kunye SCG - ngokulandelelana, ekupheleni konyaka.

Kwakhona, siya kufuneka kubalo wamaxabiso yonyaka. Oku ibalwa wokubala: A = C * H _{Deprec prim} / 100. lokuhla kwakhona ibalwe ukusuka fomyula ezimbini: H = _Deprec (Pst - LST): (Ap · Pst) kuyo Pst - ixabiso lokuqala impahla, LST - ixabiso lentsalela, An - ixesha lokuyimfihlo. Enye yokubala ibalwa ngokusebenzisa ubomi asset esisigxina: _Deprec H = (1 / T) * 100%.

jonga ngakumbi kwi kwifomula eziya kuba luncedo ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki kuqoqosho yabasebenzi. Le indlela yokuqingqa ubungakanani labemi ukusebenza ekupheleni naliphi na ixesha (thatha, umzekelo, unyaka) imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: H = H _{ekupheleni ekuqaleni} + H ₁ -h ₂ - B _3. W apha _ekuqaleni - inani labasebenzi ekuqaleni konyaka; B ₁ - inani labantu elizibandakanye abakwinqanaba lokuphangela; Icandelo ₂ - inani labantu abafa ngexesha; Inxalenye ₃ - Inani labantu yokusebenza-yobudala umhlala-phantsi. Kukho kwakhona Ifomula imveliso ngonyaka umsebenzi: In _god.rab. = In _chas.rab. * T * T * Y _v.rab. Apho ku _chas.rab. - Ukuphuhliswa umsebenzi ngeyure (iiyunithi emali / umntu-ngeyure.); t - Ubude bemini (iyure); T - Inani leentsuku ngonyaka yengqesho ngamnye; In _v.rab. - umlinganiselo zabasebenzi kubasebenzi iyonke.

ezinemizekelo yemisebenzi

Cinga ingxaki kuqoqosho lweshishini kunye nezisombululo. Ngoko ke, ingxaki inombolo 1: Fumana umlinganiselo ixabiso ngonyaka ezingahambisekiyo esebenzisa kwedatha enikiweyo. Data amakhambi:

ekuqaleni konyaka ixabiso 15 000 lamawaka engange ..

Ixabiso le-OS wangena: March - amawaka 200 engange ..

Juni - 150 amawaka engange ..

August - 250 amawaka engange ..

Iindleko OS umhlala: Februwari - 100 amawaka engange ..

Oktobha - amawaka 300 engange ..

Isisombululo: Ifomula kuqoqosho ukuhlangabezana nemingeni thina iluncedo kakhulu. Silindele ukuba gana: (C -C _{ng kg)} / 2. Nge _ng = 15 000 lamawaka engange .; _Ukuze C _g = 15 000 + 200 + 150 + 250 - 100 - 300 = 15 200 amawaka ..

Emva koko CCV = (15000 + 15200) / 2 = 15 100 lamawaka. Engange. Nangona kunjalo, asiyi kufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo kakhulu, ukususela IO OS iye ezimagqagala unyaka wonke. Makhe ukubala gana indlela lokuqala: SSG = CN + SS * FM / 12 - SL * (12-M) / 12 = 15 000 + (200 * 9/12 + 150 * 6/12 + 250 * 4/12) - (100 * 10/12 + 300 * 2/12) = 15 175 lamawaka. engange.

Masishukume kwenye msebenzi. Apha ngezantsi umngeni kwisigqibo zoqoqosho lwamashishini, kwaye uzinikele ekubaleni wamaxabiso.
Umsebenzi №2:

Iindleko zokuqala ezinye izibonelelo ukususela ngoJanuwari 1 wayelingana 160 lamawaka engange, yaye lo msebenzi - .. iminyaka emi-3.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba zibale ixabiso lentsalela nelo lokuhla ngoluya suku olufanayo, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni lokuhla ebizwayo indlela ethe ngqo. Ubomi inkonzo ezingahambisekiyo ithathwa iminyaka eli-10.

isicombululo:

ukunxiba factor - ubungakanani yokuhla kwexabiso lonke ixesha (oko kukuthi, iminyaka emi-3). Ngoko ke, ukunceda ukubala indlela yomgama: A = C * H _{Deprec prim} / 100. Fumana umlinganiselo lokuhla: _Deprec H = (1 / T) * 100% = (1/10) * 100% = 10%. Koko A = 160 * 10/100 = amawaka 16. Engange. Njengoko sihlolisisa isixa ukuphelwa lixabiso ukwenzela nyaka ngamnye efanayo, izinga banxibe ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ilingana: H = 3 * 16 = 48 amawaka engange ..

Yabasebenzi Economics: mngeni izigqibo

Masishukume kwenye candelo. Sele saxubusha ingxaki kuqoqosho lweshishini, kunye nezisombululo ukuba uyakwazi ukufunda ngasentla. Kwaye ngoku lixesha emsebenzini. Kwaye ke umsebenzi wokuqala kunye nesigqibo kuqoqosho, apho siza kukhangela, ziya kuthetha yabantu abasebenzayo.

Umsebenzi №1:

Bala inani labantu eyomeleleyo ekupheleni konyaka, ukuba kukho iinkcukacha kulo nyaka:

• inani labantu yokusebenza-ubudala ekuqaleni konyaka - abantu abazizigidi-60.;.
• inani labantu abafileyo kwinani labemi abasebenzayo-ubudala - yezigidi 0.25 abantu.;.
• inani labantu abatsha abaye bafikelelwa kubo kulo nyaka ubudala ukusebenza - nezigidi ezi-2.5 zabantu.;.
• inani labantu abaye umhlala kulo nyaka - 1.5 million abantu ..

Isigqibo. Ngenxa yoko, sisebenzisa ifomula, siye ezichazwe ngentla - CH = CH _{isiphelo phezulu} + H ₁ -h ₂ - H = 60 + ₃ 2.5 - 0.25 - 1.5 = 60,750,000 abantu ..

Ngokubanzi, oku yonke le ngxaki kunye nesigqibo loqoqosho zabasebenzi. Ngoku makhe sihlolisise le ngxaki kunye ophumayo yonyaka.

Umsebenzi №2: Ukumisela imveliso lonyaka umsebenzi.

Ngaphezu siye saxubusha ifomula ukusombulula le ngxaki. Ngoku lixesha lokuba asebenzise ngayo: In _god.rab. = In _chas.rab. * T * T * Y _v.rab.

Sifumana yonke sexabiso le-odolo. Ukuphuhlisa ilixa ukusebenza ukhululeka ngokubhekiselele epheleleyo imveliso inani leeyure-womntu, ngamanye In _chas.rab. = 3800 / 908,6 = 4,2. Ukuze ufumanise ixesha umndilili imini, kufuneka ukuba ayahlule inani leeyure-indoda inani womntu-iintsuku. Emva koko t = 908,6 / 117 = 7,8 iiyure. Ngoku kufuneka ukufumana 'ngumlingani ka T, nto leyo ubude kunyaka ukusebenza kwaye ibalwa njengoko umlinganiselo bachitha amawaka womntu-ngemihla ukuya kwinani labasebenzi. Ukuze ufumanise ukuba inani "ezibulala ', kufuneka ukuba andise isabelo sawo inani elipheleleyo labasebenzi. Emva koko, kulula ukubhala ifomula: T = 117 * 1000 / (580 * 0,824) = 244,8 iintsuku.

Ngoku kufuneka nje ukuba kufakwe endaweni onke amaxabiso kwifomula. Sifumana: In _god.rab. = 4,2 * 7,8 * 244,8 * 0,824 = 6608,2 den.edin. / Person.

Yintoni enye?

Abaninzi baya uzibuze: le yonke ezahlukeneyo iingxaki zoqoqosho? Yiloo unesicefe kangaka? Eneneni, akukho. Nje ezininzi iingxaki abanjezelwe loo iinkalo zezoqoqosho: uqoqosho lwemveliso, apho ngesisombululo iingxaki thina wawajonga ekuqaleni, kunye economics yabasebenzi. Kukho nezinye amashishini ezininzi, kodwa ezinjalo kungekho fomyula enzima, kwaye rhoqo kude ngendlela kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise omnye okanye omnye umthetho zezibalo. Noko ke, wonke umntu uya kungenelwa kukufunda imisebenzi kwezoqoqosho kunye nesigqibo. Kuba abafundi, kubaluleke ngokukodwa njengoko ithuba ukubona isisombululo lula kakhulu ukuqonda ingxaki kwaye anxibelelane ngakumbi ukuba umntu umongo walo.

Yintoni enye ukufunda okanye poreshat kwi lokuphola ukuba ukuqonda ngcono yesihloko? Ezicetyiswayo umsebenzi poreshat iingqokelela Revenko NF uqoqosho lwamashishini. Kwaye kuya kuba mnandi ukufunda iincwadi ezikhethekileyo ngakumbi na kumxholo othile.

isiphelo

Economy - isayensi ubudala kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi waya isandla ngesandla nge zezibalo. nemithetho yayo ukuvumela kusengaphambili iingxaki, utshintsho kule meko kweli lizwe kunye like. Ukuba umntu ulwazi ezoqoqosho, akuthandeki ukuba zinyamalale ngamaxesha obunzima okanye intlekele ngokwezimali. Ukuba ukuphucula ulwazi lwabo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuzuza ebomini yaye iya kunceda ekuphuculeni impilo-ntle zemali. Kakade ke, siye saxubusha imizekelo kuphela yokusombulula kuqoqosho ingxaki, kwaye loo nto ayithethi ukuba iingxaki wokwenene uya kukhangela ngolu hlobo. Yonke into ebomini kudla ngokuba nzima ngakumbi yaye bedidekile. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukwenza njalo phezulu, ngoko ke ingxaki kunye nesigqibo uqoqosho luya kukunceda kakhulu. Kuninzi kakhulu kubalulekile ukuba smart.