Ulwazi jikelele kunye nokubekwa amagiya

Enyanisweni nayiphi na indlela iteknoloji uxhasiwe okanye ngokupheleleyo akhiwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo gciwane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi izixhobo zothumelo motion zisetyenziswa iziqalelo ngqo sengathi scheme kinematic. Eli nqaku liza kuba exhaustively kwakhona ukuhlelwa amagiya. izinongo neempawu, siza sithethe.

definition

Ngaloo ndlela, ukusuka kwindawo lobugcisa umbono lo indlela iiseyile leyo isebenza okudlulisela ukujikeleza ukusuka kwenye shaft ukuya kwenye, kwaye ukutshintsha isantya nge yimiqolo kunye namavili.

amagiya Classification ithi izixhobo ibekwe kwi shaft edlulisela ujikelezo, ebizwa umkhosi, kwaye ujikeleziso receiver - eqhutywa. Kwakhona, element leyo iperi zobukhulu ezincinci, ebizwa iiseyile, kunye nento yokuba ezinkulu - ivili.

scope

Gears, ngezigaba, esisiseko parameters kunye neempawu eziza ezichaziweyo apha ngezantsi, oku ingqalelo amacandelo ixhaphakileyo obunjineli boomatshini kunye namanye amashishini. Le ibango eliphezulu ngenxa amathuba okudluliselwa nge kuluhlu amandla ukusuka ube zizahlulo ezimbalwa ukuya ezimbalwa amashumi amawaka kilowatts. Ngaloo ndlela ngesantya circumferential wokutshintsha inokuba ukuya kwi-150 m / s, kwaye kuphantse asukela amakhulu amawaka. Le bepali nganye amavili ngokwabo iphakathi milimitha efundiweyo (ngamanye amaxesha ubunkazana bazo) ukuya kwiimitha ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.

kuphakanyiswa

Isikhundla kunye nokwahlulwa lizilungiselela ibonelela ngokwahlukana kwabo zizathu zilandelayo:

1. Ukususela indawo iiasi ivili kwisithuba:

• ngezixengxe parallel (transmission zezindlu);
• nge ezidibanayo namazembe (amagiya Wotho);
• ngezixengxe bawela (kunye worm transmission Screw).

2. Ngokutsho uhlobo ujikelezo isalamane kweevili nesikhundla kwamazinyo:

• gear bangaphandle (amavili ukujikeleza kumacala angafaniyo xa kuthelekiswa omnye komnye);
• i gear (ukujikeleza zombini amavili indlela enye).

3. Imilo ye-profile:

• amazinyo involute;
• cycloid;
• kunye Novikov Ukuzilungiselela.

4. Ukususela indawo lomgca izinyo theoretical:

• Spur wheel;
• helical;
• ishevron;
• Ujije (nge izinyo setyhula).

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nepryamozubye ukudluliselwa abe ngobuqhophololo eliphezulu yomsebenzi wabo, ukuba wear ngaphantsi kakhulu nengxolo kuthelekiswa sivuselelane amagiya.

5. Ngokwalo kwisantya circumferential:

• transmission nesezantsi zesantya (ngaphantsi kwe-3 m / s);
• Isantya esiphakathi (3 m / s kwi-15 m / s);
• -High speed (m / s ngaphezu 15).

Kwezidalwa ngu isicelo

Ukuhlelwa amagiya kwimisebenzi unika ulwahlulo babo:

• Kinematic (ukufunda) transmission. Zisetyenziswa ngendlela ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, iindlela axela-solving. Imfuneko esingundoqo ezinjalo transfers - ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuchaneka iphakamileyo kinematic, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ibe namathelwano ecacileyo engile ukujikeleza njengoko inkosi kunye ivili khoboka.
• transmission-High speed ezisetyenziswa gearbox turbomachinery uthumelo imoto iibhokisi. Okufunekayo: olugudileyo liphezulu kangangoko yokusebenza.
• ukudluliselwa Amandla crane utyando kunye neendlela kwabadlali. Basebenza ngesantya esisezantsi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukugqithisa le torque umxhelo. Iimfuno eziphambili ukuya zokudluliselwa olu hlobo, - ukunxibelelana kwamazinyo, nto leyo amaqhina oqhagamshelwano apha conjugation.

nenqubo

Ukuhlelwa amagiya zedizayini eyakhayo sithabathela ingqalelo ukuba babe ezivulekileyo kunye ezivaliweyo. transmission Vula kungenziwa eziqhutshwa kunye okanye ngaphandle ukuthambisa ajikeleze (ezinqabileyo), okanye enye ziphathwe zokuthambisa grease okhethekileyo.

umabonakude ezivaliweyo-wesiphaluka, yena, lubricated ngenxa ubhaptizo amazinyo kwi oli, leyo yezikhukula lwezindlu (ukuntywiliselwa ukusifaka). Kwezinye iimeko, inika ubume unikezelo esembindini kule crankcase. Kule meko-hlengiso flow lesithambiso ikhutshwa phandle esebenzisa inductors ezizodwa.

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela isantya ojikeleza ngaso, iigiyeri zihlukaniswe:

• yandisa (ekwabizwa ngokuba reducers). Kwezi nkqubo umlinganiselo iiseyile mkhulu okanye ilingana omnye.
• Multipliers - ratio iiseyile ngaphantsi kwesinye.

Hi ndlela leyi, ngoyena iiseyile zombini esisigxina yaye stepwise adjustable ngokushukumisa amavili ngqo kwi shaft (umz gearbox).

iimpawu ezintle

Ukuhlelwa amagiya ziya kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba ukuba siqwalasele ngokwemeko yazo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi amagiya luphawulwa:

• Processability.
• Ukuphikelela ratio.
• amandla High umthwalo (ukuya ku 50,000 kW).
• ukusebenza encomekayo (ukuya ku 0.99).
• Ubukhulu Small jikelele kuthelekiswa nezinye uthumelo kwi kweemeko ezifanayo.
• ukuthembeka High ngexesha lokusebenza.
• UkuCima yesondlo.
• imithwalo ngokwentelekiso incinane kwi iibheringi upper.

ezimbi

Njengoko ngokuba ububi amagiya, ngoko omnye kubo zivele:

• Ukunqongophala ithuba ukutshintsha ratio gear ngokuqhubekayo.
• lokuvelisa kunye nofakelo yokuchaneka kufuneka ibe kumgangatho ophezulu.
• Livela ingxolo ngesantya esiphezulu.
• iipropati damping Poor.
• yobukhulu enkulu xa nezamazembe somgama enomtsalane oluqhutywa upper uqhuba.
• Ukucanda amazinyo ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo.
• Ukungakwazi ukubuyisela imithwalo ezinamandla ngenxa aqine eliphezulu.
• Ukunqongophala iimpawu zokhuseleko. Lo loliwe gear uyakwazi ukukhusela umatshini okanye isixhobo nxamnye sithwalisa.

Kwakhona Gears (izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo, zokuhlela kunye neendidi echazwe ngasentla) ukusetyenziswa ngqiqweni amazinyo abo, nto leyo ukusebenza ngaxeshanye elingekho ngaphezulu ezimbini amazinyo nganye amavili, leyo ngokubambisana.

Le deformation kwamazinyo sondo

ukuyila eyiyo kunye nokusebenza gear kuboniswa kungekho nengxolo enamandla kwaye nobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukuba ezimbini kwezi nqobo nangoku ukungangqinelani, oko kukhokelela kakuhle kakhulu ukutshatyalaliswa kwamazinyo kwevili. Ukuhlelwa amagiya ngenjongo yokusebenza kwakhona wenza uhlengahlengiso zalo yokudlulisa umsebenzi, kodwa iindidi ngokubanzi umonakalo amazinyo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Yeplastiki imiphezulu umsebenzi deformation.
• Breakage.
• Jamming.
• Wear.
• NOKUCUKUCEZA.

Kwezo meko apho amazinyo kuyaphula ngokufuthi eyenzeka nje ukusilela transmission kuphela, kodwa umonakalo kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene, izahlulo (umz, wabatshabalalisa iibheringi, imikhonto). Oku kungenxa ukuverha inyathelo aphulwa ziingceba.

Kaninzi, amazinyo ezidiliziweyo ngenxa 'ukudinwa "zabo, nto leyo ivela njenge ngenxa ukuvela uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili ukuqhekeka. Olu hlobo umonakalo ekuso kakhulu amagiya ezivaliweyo.

Lingonakali amazinyo amaninzi iqatshelwe amagiya evulekileyo, ngenxa umthondo ommandla ayikorekisha ngayo amasuntswana ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi, ukungcola, uthuli (lingonakali). Kwakhona, isizathu isenokuba ukuthambisa ajikeleze ihlwempu, ngoko kolu hlobo wear and tear azinikezelwanga inshorensi, yaye evaliweyo-circuit kamabonakude.

amavili Manufacturing

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba amagiya, eziluncedo nezingeloncedo, lucalulo olo kuxhomekeke kwiipropati zabo zobugcisa ngokwasemzimbeni, ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo.

Amaninzi asetyenziswa practice zezi:

• Carbon steel ezikumgangatho oqhelekileyo (St6, St5).
• steel High-grade.
• yodidi exutyiweyo.
• Grey waphosa intsimbi kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.
• Ezinye izinto non-ebuntsimbi (bakelite, PCB).

Iigiyeri zothumelo lusetyenziswa kakhulu ezenziwe ngentsimbi, ngenxa udibaniso ngokupheleleyo amandla, ukuthembeka kunye nobunzima. Le nto ilungele ukuba uthumelo umsebenzi onzima.

Ngenxa yoko, uphosa intsimbi zingwevu lisetyenziswa ivili esebenzayo yimiyalezo wehlise amagiya ezivulekileyo. Iron kuhle ukuba amazinyo kweevili ngokusekelwe ekubeni akukho kakhulu befuna kwi ukusifaka iguqule kakuhle omnye komnye.

amagiya zeplastiki ziveliswa emishini ezifuna ubuninzi ukudluliselwa operation cwaka high-speed, akukho mfuneko i uvakalelo lemveliso eliphezulu.

Ukuqinisa kunye nonyango nobushushu

Gears, ngezigaba, isicelo apho nazo ngokuxhomekeke kubuchule umthwalo ekufuneka bafumane unyango ubushushu.

Iigiyeri sobhedu ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini:

• Ivili kunye yobulukhuni ngezantsi 350 HB amazinyo. Loo inkomba generated ngenxa bunjani okanye ukuphucula zentsimbi. Kwangoko amazinyo ukusikwa emva unyango ubushushu.
• Amavili, ngokuba lukhuni ngaphezu 350 HB. Le yobulukhuni ivumela ukuqaqadeka kwemichiza-thermal: carburizing, nitriding, cyanidation, lukhuni umphezulu esebenzisa imisinga aqhelelkileyo.

Ukuthambisa ajikeleze of amagiya

Ukuhlelwa amagiya kwi indawo kwamazinyo iyakuba ingagqitywanga ukuba akazange acinge ukuba ukuthambisa ajikeleze of lizilungiselela. Ngokwawo, inkqubo ukusifaka swi ukuthoba izinga banxibe kwamazinyo, ukusasaza ubushushu amasuntswana ezincinane esirhabaxa, ukuphucula ukusebenza yonke ugqithiso. Ngokusetyenziswa zokuthambisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwandisa ukuxhathisa amavili ukuba jamming. Xa indima ukuthambisa ajikeleze angenza zeplastiki, ulwelo kunye nezinto okuqinileyo.

Thambisa amaninzi olunokusetyenziswa ukuvula iinkqubo, leyo lusebenzise lobushushu iqondo hayi ngaphezulu kwe-120. igrisi Solid iphinda e amagiya evulekileyo, kodwa abo ubushushu yokusebenza ngaphezu 100 degrees Celsius. Ethandwa kakhulu a igrisi ulwelo. Ukuthandwa kakhulu yafunyanwa oyile petroleum. Ke zona izinto igrisi zokwenziwa, ukuba zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko ezizodwa, kuba ixabiso lazo kakhulu eliphezulu.

Isikhundla amafutha lulwelo ziquka:

• oyile Industrial - incwadi I.
• Ukuba isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo hydraulic - G.
• Ukugqithisa heavy-msebenzi - T.
• Ioli ukuba anti-umhlwa, anti-igcwala, anti-banxibe ongeziweyo, - P.
• Oyile, apho kungekho naziphi na kudla - A.

wheel elunkontshweni

Ukuhlelwa amagiya Wotho kwindawo ngobuwena lula le fomu ilandelayo:

• Wheel Wotho gear enamazinyo ngqo.
• Kunye amazinyo tangential.
• Ukususela amazinyo egobile.
• Kunye amazinyo setyhula.
• Ngenxa umgca kwamazinyo kwifomu involute.

amagiya ngqo Wotho bavame kusetyenziswa izixhobo ngaphandle, kodwa izakhi amazinyo setyhula inxaxheba ngesantya.

Iimpawu namagama

The main iparameters ezixhasa uhlobo amagiya, zezi zilandelayo:

• Inani amazinyo - Z.
• Isithuba phakathi: - a.
• Ububanzi ivili isithsaba - b.
• zavunyelwa iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano - kunye.
• Ukuphakama kwamazinyo imilenze - ha.
• Izinyo ukuphakama - h.
• Pitch ubukhulu - d.
• Ubukhulu bepali yokuqala - DW.
• Ubukhulu be nemingxuma kwamazinyo - dr.
• Netoti phezulu izinyo - da.

Nokuveliswa amagiya

amavili Gear zenziwa imigca ezenzekelayo. Ezi imigca ezizodwa kakhulu zahlulwe zibe mfutshane kunye ebanzi. Iqela lokuqala inxulunyaniswa ahlabayo kwaye awugqibe amagiya kuphela. Eyesibini ngothotho lwezixhobo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zinika ukwenziwa ngokupheleleyo amagiya. Xa imigca ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa koomatshini okuzenzelekayo unyango iiseyile ngakumbi axhotyiswe ekulayisheni nokothula, kunye nezinye izixhobo matshini.

Kwimigca lobuchwepheshe imveliso amavili phakathi koomatshini imveliso unxibelelwano yezothutho bhetyebhetye amaninzi kusetyenziswa ngokohlobo ibhanti kunye umxokelelwane zokuthutha, neenqwelwana transfer movable, leyo ekupheliseni kukuvela mzali okanye ezinye iziphene.