Udubulo somlilo - ezikweni for lokunyibilikisa isinyithi

Kuba yemveliso ihagu yentsimbi kwishishini metallurgical isebenzisa iziko kwexilongo mihla. Olu zam oven hlobo, nto leyo na isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kakhulu, nto leyo ke, kubonakala kuyamangalisa. Ukuzisa imveliso ihagu yentsimbi saphelela, uluntu kuye kwafuneka ukuba nomzi eminyaka amava.

Okunye uchaza ukuba iziko nokuphalazeka kwelifu, i-Old Slavonic ingcambu yegama layo. "Dmit" - kuthetha ukuba ukuwavuthela.

Lusungulo yamaziko kuqhuma - shtukofeny

KumaXesha Aphakathi abantu kwakufuneka izinyithi ezahlukeneyo. Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zazenziwe ngentsimbi, bhetyebhetye yaye womelele, nesinyithi njengesiqhelo baya izinto zasekhaya. somlilo Syrodutnyh kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i intsimbi efunekayo kunye ixesha elide kakhulu, kangangamawaka eminyaka, kwaye baye kudibana kakuhle neemfuno de de isitokhwe sona ores fusible. Ubushushu kuphunyezwe ngokwandiswa ukuphakama (ngoko ziyanyuswa ukuwutyhalela), umoya ngomtshini nesandla imfutho. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha le baseYurophu kwafuneka ukuba bafudukele ezisezantsi-ezisemgangathweni izinto basenza stimulus ukuba inkqubela. Steel Shtukofeny wayila, emva koko ezikweni kwexilongo yokuqala ukuvela. Yaba ivalekile uhlobo kwiziko abasebenza kwindawo kumjikelo othile. Kwafuneka nsimbi umthwalo, amalahle, uze itshiswe nge jet noxinzelelo (imigudu manual Uswele ngoko wasebenzisa eqhutywa amavili zamanzi), emva koko kube yimfuneko kwaba ngasesandleni sokwehlisa aze otyhidiweyo, bazahlule kuyo isikali kunye nezinye byproducts ezingafanelekanga ekuthiwa yintlahla. Uncedo shtukofenov engundoqo kukugcina ngcono xi ubushushu ngenxa umqulu closed ngaphakathi kumjikelo yokusebenza, ngenxa ukwehla ukuvuza yayo emoyeni.

impucuko iron Cast

Ingxaki ephambili metallurgists aphakathi ngenkulungwane weshumi yaba intsimbi refractoriness. Xa shtukofene wafumana intsimbi (ngamanye amazwi, yentsimbi-carbon ingxubevange kunye xi carbon ka 1.7% nangaphezulu), siye bamangaliswa esezantsi indawo yokunyibilika, kodwa akazange afike nemihlali. kwaba lula ukufumana ngaphezu zentsimbi kunye ingakumbi nentsimbi intsimbi onesiphumo, kodwa iimpawu zayo ngomatshini ngokwemiqathango ulula kakhulu yaye engenamandla ngokwaneleyo umsebenzisi ngoko amahlwempu. Nangona kunjalo, nje amabini eminyaka, isimo sengqondo sitshintshele uphosa yentsimbi. Okokuqala, ukusisusa ukusuka eziko yaba ayinzima, kunokuba lula ukuba ugalele kwifom bunyibilike. Okwesibini, kukho sisinyithi ifumene kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo, kwaye zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kwaye okwesithathu, yaba ekrwada izinto zokuthambisa ngakumbi carbon okugqithisileyo kwaye afumane ngoko sentsimbi kulula kakhulu ukusuka nsimbi. Ngoko ke, emva kweenkulungwane abantu balinge, kuye kwafunyaniswa ezixhobo elinemveliso metallurgical, yaye wenza eziko udubulo. Ezikweni kwisixeko Westphalian of Siegerland (kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XV) unako ukusebenza kunye umjikelezo oqhubekayo kangangeminyaka eliqela, ukuvelisa yonke imihla ithani nengxenye ihagu yentsimbi phezu. Emva koko ke eninzi.

Isakhiwo kwiziko udubulo

Kuphela emva kokutyelela ecaleni kule eziko omkhulu, ungabona indlela enkulu eziko kwexilongo mihla. Amafoto ukunika ufifi yobukhulu balo cyclopean kuphela xa ibonisa umntu, ebonakala encinanana i imbovane. Noko ke, nangona imbonakalo yayintle, isimiso ukusebenza ihlala enye, kumaxesha. Uyilo iqulathe iiyunithi ezintlanu eziphambili. Phezulu ezi zinto, umqala, ukuze yokulayisha izinto ekrwada kunye nokusasazwa yayo efanayo phakathi eziko. Ngezantsi yinto inxalenye yemilo etsobhileyo, apho zokufudumeza kunye nokunciphisa inkqubo (ezichazwe kamva). Eyesithathu ubizwa ngokuba phezulu icandelo ukuba ezikucaphukisa kakhulu, kukho enyibilikayo yentsimbi. Emva koko esinye isithuba tapered, eli xesha tapering phantsi, - amagxa, nto leyo kuwo monoxide coke carbon (a gas ukunciphisa). Yaye kanye emazantsi - uphondo ukusuka apho yokukhupha imveliso igqityiwe yaye ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma.

inkqubo Chemistry

iinkqubo yamachiza oxidising nokunciphisa. uxhulumaniso lokuqala kuthetha kunye ioksijini, owesibini, phezu koko, azikhabe. Ore - le oxide, yaye ukuze bafumane intsimbi kufuna okwaziyo reagent of "khetha" i-atom ezingaphezulu. indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo a coke, ngelixa yokutsha, ikhala esikhulu isixa nobushushu kunye carbon dioxide, nto leyo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu abole abe monoxide iikhemikhali esebenzayo kunye nempahla ezingazinzanga. WO ziphelelwa re-dioxide, kwaye intlanganiso kunye molekyuli ore (Fe _{2 O-3),} "ithatha" lonke ioksijini, kusale nje isinyithi. Kukho, Kakade ke, kunye nezinye izinto kwi izinto ekrwada, inkunkuma, zalawo fomu, ekuthiwa zeBlack. Oku yindlela iziko udubulo. Oku, ngokwemiqathango chemistry, ilula zokunciphisa reaction, elandelwa sephepha nobushushu.

Yintoni na yena, iziko udubulo mihla?

Udubulo ubomi somlilo omncinane ukuba izakhiwo ezinjalo isikali - malunga elishumi. Ngeli xesha isakhiwo ufakwa layisha phezulu, imithwalo lo zokufudumeza thermal, ngoko kufuneka ukulungisa eyinkunzi okanye uchitho. imveliso intsimbi Ihagu ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa ongenabubi, inxulunyaniswa ezikhutshwayo emoyeni phosphorus, sulphur kunye nezinye izinto akukho luncedo kakhulu. Xa zidityanisiwe, ezi zinto ziyakhuthazwa amazwe amaninzi ukunciphisa imveliso metallurgical okanye uphuculo kuyo (ingakumbi ukuba Imboni esisiseko kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-forming). Modern udubulo somlilo - ilula inkqubo umgaqo, nto leyo ke, kufuna isekethi yolawulo elukhuni neemigaqo ulawulo multiple ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa isebenzayo zempahla ekrwada kunye namandla.