Imboni Indian. Industry and Agriculture in India

Enye lamazwe akhula kakhulu ehlabathini, India uthathwa ukuba namhlanje. Iifektri nolimo ubukhulu becala ngurhulumente-owned. Indima yezi amacandelo GDP Ukwakheka kubalulekile. Ukuba yokuqala ezi akhawunti ye-29%, ngoko ke wesibini - 32%. Isabelo inkulu GDP (malunga 39%) ilungu kwicandelo nkonzo. Eyona mveliso of India - na yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ayoni, ngezobunjineli, amandla, ushishino ukukhanya kunye noshishino ngamachiza. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxoxwa ngazo nzulu ngakumbi ngezantsi.

yokunyibilikisa isinyithi

Acace insimbi yenye yeenkalo eziphambili kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Akumangalisi oku, njengoko lizwe zizityebi iidiphozithi esikrwada namalahle. Kolkata waba iziko ezibalulekileyo kummandla, ebumelwaneni udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "Indian Ruhr". Izityalo steel sikhulu kweli lizwe ikakhulu kwi nempuma. Ngokubanzi, kushishino isebenzela ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zangaphakathi karhulumente. Phakathi zonke izimbiwa kufunxwa India ithumela manganese kuphela, mica, webauxite, yaye ezinye intsimbi ekrwada.

A indawo ephuhliswe kakuhle of non-ayoni metal lokunyibilikisa ye-aluminiyam ingabizwa, leyo uxhomekeke koovimba yayo enkulu zempahla ekrwada. Imfuneko yokuba ezinye iintsimbi ezingezo-ayoni uzalisekisiwe phesheya.

engineering

Ishishini wenze inkqubela enkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngokufanelekileyo kuphuhliswa zibandakanya iindawo njengoko iinqwelwana, inqanawa, imoto kunye nokwakhiwa moya. Iimveliso eziphambili India banikiwe ngeendleko zabo ezinzima umatshini-ukwakha. Eli lizwe uvelisa phantse zonke iintlobo zokusebenza. Kule ndawo kukho ngaphezu kwama-40 amashishini, ukuba ibekwe kwizixeko ezinkulu karhulumente.

noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo

Lo mthombo yesibini ngobukhulu yengqesho kweli lizwe iye noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo le eIndiya. Ngokutsho data analytical, ngoku iqeshe abantu bengingqi malunga nezigidi ezingama-20. Ngo-2005, urhulumente wapheliswa iqela iirhafu kunye nemirhumo kushishino, leyo negalelo ekungeneni ebalulekileyo utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye zasekhaya. Emva koko, ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu kwexesha, eli nqanaba yoqoqosho baguquka thob kwi nkqi sandayo. nokukhula ngamandla sele wayeka ngo-2008. Isizathu yaba nengxaki yehlabathi ejijekileyo kunye nokwehla ezifunwayo kwiimarike emhlabeni lokuthunga evela India.

Olu shishino Uyekile ukuba nomtsalane kubatyali, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ekuncitshisweni malunga 800 amawaka emisebenzi eyenziwe ntsha kolu shishino. Abasemagunyeni kungoku nje liqhuba inani amanyathelo ejolise lithintele ulwakhiwo zokusila. Oku kwenziwa ikakhulu uphuhliso lwamashishini amancinci asebenza kulo mhlaba.

imboni chemical

Iindleko zokuvelisa, leyo ngonyaka uvelisa kushishino amachiza e-Indiya, i-avareji ye-32 ezigidi US zeerandi. Okwangoku, ishishini lifumana eziliqela iingxaki, ezo zibangelwa amaxabiso aphezulu zempahla ekrwada kunye neendlela zokuvelisa, kunye nokhuphiswano olubangelwa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe.

Inzuzo eli candelo liye ngokuthe ukuhla nkqu ekupheleni koo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ngoku ilizwe ngokuthe ukuphucula imveliso izichumisi izimbiwa, imicu imichiza, iiplastiki kunye irabha zokwenziwa. Loo sphere, njengoko ishishini lamachiza e-India, ithumela imixube, lithetha umlinganiselo 18 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka. Ingxaki ephambili kolu shishino kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba isabelo encinane kuphela kokuthunyelwa kwemveliso eyenziweyo. Kuphela ulwalathiso oko kwaye oko kuyaqhubeka akubuyi kakhulu, - kuyondelelaniswe ecikizekileyo organic.

energetics

Nangona imboni yezamandla India kwaye olukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, iimfuno kwabendlu labemi kwi amafutha enikwe ikakhulu ngenxa iinkuni kunye nenkunkuma lwezolimo. Nezokukhupha amalahle ezinzile kumntla-mpuma inxalenye karhulumente. Nokuyihambisa ukuba izityalo amandla thermal ayabiza kakhulu. Nokuba na ke akhawunti malunga 60% umbane.

Inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekudalweni ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo amandla mihla ophehlwa namandla enyukliya iye. Nomndilili umthamo umbane yokuqala eveliswayo-38%, kwaye okwesibini - 2%.

Apho izibilini yeoli, kodwa le mveliso, ushishino oyile e-India, imvakalozwi kakhulu kuphuhliswa. Uqwalaselo "igolide black" esicwangciswe ngcono kakhulu, kodwa uxhomekeke kakhulu izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada. Iinkampani ezinkulu ibekwe kumazibuko ezinkulu - Bombay kunye saseMadras.

ezolimo

Xa isakhiwo ezolimo India esilawulwa kwimveliso yezityalo. Izityalo zokutya bazibonise - kukho ingqolowa kunye nerayisi. Indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa ngokwenkcukacha grade kumazwe angaphandle, eziquka umqhaphu, iti, ummoba kunye necuba.

Ukukhonya lwezityalo ezikhulayo kubangelwa ubukhulu becala iimeko zemozulu. ngexesha lehlobo lemvula inika iimeko ezifanele olukhulayo umqhaphu, irayisi kunye nekalamo, ngoxa ixhomekeke kangako kwizityalo ukufuma (nerhasi nengqolowa) ifakwa ebusika owomileyo. Ngenxa yoko, isityalo India liphuhlisa unyaka wonke. self-ngokwaneleyo nguRhulumente kwizityalo ukutya.

Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yamaHindu izilwanyana kweli lizwe ngokubonakalayo okunjalo. Isibakala sokuba oku nje unqulo alikukhuthazi ukudla inyama, kodwa ubiza i 'emdaka "nkqu wobugcisa processing of iimfele.

isiphelo

Kuphuhliso lwamashisini in India luya lusiba nochatha. Ngokwemiqathango ubungakanani ingundoqo karhulumente yayo phakathi iinkokeli zehlabathi ezilishumi. Ngelo xesha linye inqanaba lemveliso yesizwe kwabangelwa ngamnye lisezantsi kakhulu. Musa ukulibala ukuba India - na ilizwe kwimizi-kwezolimo, apho kususela amaxesha yobukoloniyali ukugcina uqoqosho kunye nemveliso esikhulu yezolimo.