Iindidi zemveliso kunye neempawu zazo: iinkampani kuqoqosho lwale mihla

Ezona mpawu ziphambili kwezoqoqosho kwimakethi uhlobo lweshishini zokulima, amashishini kunye namaziko, ngokusekelwe kwifom joint-stock kobunini. Bona abaqondanga kuphela ukuveliswa kunye abalinganiswa yeendidi nokusekwa kunye nemisebenzi bemibutho kuthathwa uphawu iqondo yonke impucuko kweli lizwe, njengesicwangciso-qhinga iludibaniso lwayo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Ukuqwalasela i eziphambili iintlobo zemveliso, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le nto ephambili yodwa "corporation" umba, kunye neendidi kunye neendlela mbutho zemveliso kunye yonke imisebenzi banelisekile zabo.

Eyona aphambili corporation liqumrhu labantu, amaqumrhu oqoqosho imisebenzi nomsebenzi odibeneyo kuso nasiphi na isigaba kuqoqosho.

P. Drucker ngo-1946 ngomsebenzi wakhe odumileyo "Imigaqo ombutho" wabhala ukuba corporation ijonge ukuphendula ngubani kwaye njani ukubonelela ngophuhliso loqoqosho sisebenzayo ehlabathini. A inkampani enkulu ayikho zoqoqosho kakhulu njengoko lwentlalo - njengeziko kwezopolitiko. Ezi ichazwe kunye neentlobo zayo kwemveliso yangaphakathi kunye neempawu zazo.

Iinkampani zidlala indima ingacaci kuphuhliso ukhuphiswano. Kukho ukungaqondi malunga nophuhliso rhoqo ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho yangoku. Enyanisweni, kukho iindlela ezimbini: omnye ejoliswe ekutshabalaleni yolu khuphiswano, isici eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo na ukuhla kwamanani abalawulwa kunye isikali, kwaye enye enxulumene kukuqinisa kukhuphiswano phakathi States kunye TNCs, lo gama kugcinwe ezinye ubudlelwane ukhuphiswano yemveli yengingqi, kuquka amashishini amancinci naphakathi .

Kucacile ukuba esona sizathu siphambili ulwabiwo ezinkulu zezona iintlobo zemveliso kunye neempawu zazo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukwandisa amandla bemibutho inzuzo ngokohlobo imveliso elikhulu-isikali uqoqosho olumandla. Kakuhle eli yokugqibela sikuko kukuba njengoko ukukhula ubungakanani ishishini uqalisa ukwenza utyekelo ekunciphiseni iindleko.

Enye indlela kwezakhiwo yobambiswano i oligopoly, ngokuphathelele apho yinxalenye yoluntu luyathandabuzeka ukuba lodwa kwaphela. oligopoly Ngokungafani of abadla bodwa esulungekileyo kukuba kusekho umboniso ngaphandle ukhuphiswano. Oku kuthetha ukuba iintlobo zemveliso kunye neempawu zazo ngokwembono yoluntu, akhiwa ukuze oligopoly inqweneleka ngaphezu kokuba bodwa. Ngelo xesha, uYosefu Schumpeter noYohane. Gepbreyt wayekholelwa ukuba iinkampani ezinkulu opigopopisticheskie ezifunekayo ukukhula ngokukhawuleza inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. Development yeemveliso ezintsha kunye nobuxhakaxhaka luyinto exabiso, likhulu; mveliso opigopopisticheskie kuphela bayakwazi ngezimali. nemiqobo yokungena kweli shishini ukuqinisekisa okhuphisana oligopolists siqinisekile ekwenzeni inzuzo, inxalenye yayo makuchithwe uphando kunye nophuhliso. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, oligopoly inceda ukuphucula umgangatho, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye namaxabiso kunye nalo negalelo, ukwandisa imveliso nengqesho, xa kuthelekiswa kunye namashishini, imibutho qho kukhuphiswano.

Uyondelelwano lwee- kwimveliso (yaye ngenxa yoko, le lokubanga kuqoqosho) inegalelo nje kuphela ekutshabalaleni khuphiswano ngeendleko bagqatswa, kodwa inegalelo inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa, ie It wenza indima idla kubangelwa kukhuphiswano. Isiphumo kukuba kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane lokugqibela ukubuyisela lokubanga olukhulayo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemfundo kwaye uphuhliso lwe nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe. Kucingelwa ukuba le nkqubo nangoku kwisigaba sayo ekuqaleni kuba ngoku ihlabathi acace ngokukhawuleza inkqubo zokwakha kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye neentlobo zayo.