Isityalo amandla enyukliya eUkraine - intsika ufanelwe kuqoqosho lwelizwe

Nuclear Power Plant - phezulu kwamandla zobugcisa karhulumente, ngokoyisa yophando lwenzululwazi kunye neminyaka uphando olunzulu. Kakade ke, Ukraine kuluhlu lwamazwe apho amandla enyukliya isebenzela ukuze kuxhamle abahlali.

prehistory

It singaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Long ingasekho na imihla xa kuphela iibhalbhu ezibe endlwini izixhobo zombane. Gen. kokwaneliseka, ukuphuculwa kunye neemeko zokuphila. Hayi ngaphandle umgudu, kodwa abantu ukuthenga izixhobo osebenza umbane: iifriji, iTV, ngeentsimbi.

anda kakhulu umthwalo kwi-network, leyo ayizange sayilwa ukutyiwa enjalo. Le urhulumente wajongana ukhetho: ukwakha izityalo amandla thermal kunye hydro eqhelekileyo, okanye enye akakuphosi namasundu, kuqalwa kuphuhliso amandla enyukliya.

Isiphelo gqira - ixesha xa ihlabathi nje wayeqalisa ukucinga malunga tywaleni yemisebenzi yabantu zokusingqongileyo. Kodwa ziphakamiso lokuqala olunengqiqo imfuneko yokunyamekela umhlaba sele iqalile ukuze akhule kwaye ichume.

Izityalo thermal ikhuthazwa amalahle kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokuba ayikwazanga-siseko, banikwa isixa kwezinto ezinobungozi ukuba ekhutshelwa kwi-atmosfera. Kuba amandla ngamanzi izikhululo kwafuneka ukuba ibingelele iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba abamnyama ochumileyo Ukrainian - hayi ukhetho inengqondo kakhulu.

Emva kwengxoxo kunye neziqinisekiso zesayensi okukhulu ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwiprojekthi yanikwa NPPs Ukrainian. Ukufunwa yaqala isiza esifanelekileyo ukwakha.

station lokuqala

NgoMeyi 1970 yaqalisa ezinkulu zokwakha-isikali isityalo yokuqala senyukliya Ukraine. Le ndawo lwakhethwa neekhilomitha nje ezilishumi elinanye ukusuka kumda Belarus. Atomic Energy of Ukraine ukuba siqale iChernobyl amandla enyukliya. Inqanaba lokuqala iphulo elikhulu-scale yagqitywa iminyaka esixhenxe. NgoSeptemba 1977, lokuvulwa reactor yokuqala wanikwa. Ngo-1983 kwakusele kwakhiwa iiyunithi ezine. Iyonke umthamo - megawatts ezine.

Xa iyonke, isityalo amandla enyukliya yokuqala eUkraine wayefanele ukuba ibe zamandla ezintandathu, ulwakhiwo yokugqibela sele kumbovu zigqitywe. Kodwa zange umiselwe ukuba wenze.

At 01:23 26.04.1986, ukudubula yenzekile, unique na ngaphambili abawaziyo. Atom lubonise ukuba kungaba kude enoxolo xa ungazisebenzisi.

Akwenzeki ukuba abale ilahleko ekungenwe yintlekele: izigidi kweemali ezabelwe yokubuyiselwa, ezilahlekileyo izixhobo, waphuma esixekweni, ummandla nokukhutshelwa, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukugula kunye nokufa liquidators ezininzi nesibindi ukuba iindleko impilo kunye nobomi bakhe wamnika ithuba lokusinda nabanye abaninzi.

Nangona ngokupheleleyo imo yokusebenza nezinye iiyunithi, isityalo amandla enyukliya yokuqala Ukraine ngokuthe singakhutshwa Igridi Ukraine. Isizukulwana amandla samiswa elinesihlanu Disemba 2000.

Isikhululo yesibini

Ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba ukuzaliswa iChernobyl amandla enyukliya kwaqaliswa ukwakhiwa zesityalo samandla enyukliya Rivne neekhilomitha ezine ukusuka kwidolophu Kuznetsovsk. Qala le reactor lokuqala lwaqhutywa kule iminyaka esixhenxe. station Total linamacandelo amane, owokugqibela leyo athunywa ngo-2003. Ubuchule lilonke namhlanje 2.835 MW, nto leyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba amandla ngaphezu kwiidolophu ezincinane. Kubenzi ezimbini ezicwangcisiweyo kamva bamshiya.

station Rivne kuqala eSoviet Union ivavanywe kwi "IAEA" Nuclear Energy World Organisation.

Rivne NPP velisa isihlanu umbane eveliswa NPPs Ukrainian.

Isikhululo lesithathu

Ngowe-1975, ulwakhiwo umntu wesithathu yaqalwa isityalo Ukrainian amandla enyukliya kwisixeko kummandla Yuzhnoukrainsk Mykolaiv, ethe yakhiwe ngokukodwa isikhululo abasebenzi yokuhlala.

Iyunithi yokuqala sele idityaniswe lombane iminyaka esixhenxe. Le yokugqibela omnye - ngo-1989 Inani kubenzi - ezintathu bebonke umthamo amawaka amathathu MW.

Isabelo iyonke eneji eveliswayo ishumi ekhulwini izityalo zamandla enyukliya Ukrainian. Esi sixa kwanele yokugubungela iimfuno lombane kwimimandla Nikolaev, Kherson kunye Odessa. Inxalenye ye-eneji ophezu usingasiqithi iCrimea.

station yesine

Ngu yee- yokuqala, ndaba sibazi amandla kusilela kwimimandla yasentshona. Ngo-1981 waqalisa ukwakhiwa Khmelnitsky NPP e Neteshin.

Ukuvulwa grand senzeka ngowe-1987

Inani leeyunithi amandla - ezimbini. I-reactor yesibini yaphehlelelwa ngowama-2004. Zizonke amandla 2 MW.

Kuhlelwa Inani leeyunithi - ezine. Kodwa ke ukuqala umsebenzi wokwakha umisiwe ngokungenammiselo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali. nabo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwakhiwa iibhloko eseleyo yi China.

station yesihlanu

Kwakhona ngo-1981 yaqala ukwakhiwa i Zaporizhzhya NPP e Energodar.

Okwangoku, kuba isityalo enkulu yaseYurophu. Inani leeyunithi - ezintandathu, amandla iyonke ka-6000 MW. Oku isiqingatha amandla aphuma kwizityalo senyukliya Ukraine.

Imfuneko ukwakhiwa izityalo senyukliya mmandla lilawulwe yi xi ushishino non-ayoni-amandla kakhulu. Ukongeza kule mveliso senyukliya mmandla, eli kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa zonke iintlobo energy: umoya, ilanga, thermal kunye hydro.

isiphelo

amandla enyukliya, njengokuba ngonaphakade, ke ngoku kubalulekile ukuba energy market le. NPPs Ukrainian - fuel economy. Ngenxa olu hlobo lwe-eneji ehlanganiswa yokunqongophala kombane ngaphakathi lizwe nakwamanye amazwe.

Ngoku uyazi izityalo amandla enyukliya bangaphi eUkraine. Kukho abahlanu kuphela, enye yazo luvalwe.