Izixhobo zenyukliya eCrimea and Sevastopol

izixhobo zenyukliya eCrimea ngamandla kwakhiwa ngexesha leSoviet. Kodwa emva kokuwa Union, uninzi lwabo sele ivaliwe, yaye kamva ngabunye namatutu zabo. I-lifa Soviet - inani elikhulu izibonelelo non-eziqhuba eRashiya nakwiiriphabliki eyayisakuba yiSoviet. izinto ezishiywe eCrimea umdla nto abembi, abakhenkethi kunye abalandeli ukuba kumnyumbaza amaphaphu.

Izizathu ukwakhiwa inani elikhulu izibonelelo zenyukliya

Ngenxa indawo yayo emdeni eCrimea isoloko isembindini uphando emkhosini. Kumaxesha Soviet, emva kokuqala kwekhefu IMfazwe, ubunkokeli ilizwe uzama ukukhusela urhulumente.

Ekubeni kwezopolitiko ehlabathini waba nzima kakhulu kwaye kukho isoyikiso logwayimbo enyukliya inxalenye of America, kwi eCrimea sele beqalisile ezinkulu zokwakha-isikali izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka zokufihla intloko ukugcina izixhobo atomic. Kwakhona waqalisa ukuphuhlisa shishino lwe eCrimea.

Ngelishwa, emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, uninzi kula maziko baye balahlwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. izibonelelo zenyukliya Russian sele kwimeko engcono.

iCrimea NPP

zange igqitywe isityalo iCrimea amandla enyukliya. Le ibekwe kwi the Kerch Peninsula, kufutshane nedolophu Shelkino, kunxweme ityuwa Aktashskoe ichibi. icebo yakhe ukusebenzisa njenge ichibi okupholisa.

Nale amandla enyukliya kuya kunika umbane wonke usingasiqithi ka eCrimea, kwakunye ukuqalisa uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe shishino. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu ukusebenza isikhululo samandla senyukliya kuya kuba ziluncedo kakhulu xa Zaporizhzhya NPP yi kwelinye icala umda azikho karhulumente friendly kakhulu.

waqala ukwakha apha ngo-1975, kunye nokwakhiwa idolophu satellite Shelkino. Settlement ndagqiba kwelokuba imbeko Shchelkin KIRILL Ivanovich, lowo ke yamachiza zenyukliya baziincamisa. isixeko Young abantu ziingcali abaselula - oosonzululwazi yenyukliya kunye nabasebenzi abanamava yokusebenza izityalo senyukliya Ukraine.

kanye Ukwakhiwa isikhululo yaqala kuphela ngo-1982. Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa ngokungqinelana ucwangciso engqongqo, ukuvulwa yokuqala kwacetywa ngowe-1989, kodwa isikhululo wayengazange ndayizuza. Ngowe-1987, iprojekthi leyo bubambene. Izizathu ezininzi, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo - oku ingozi eChernobyl. waqala Amajelo ukuba ingxelo ukuba zonke izityalo amandla enyukliya - izinto eziyingozi yenyukliya ukuba kuyingozi ukusebenzisa le amafutha, oku akwamkelekanga ukwakha isityalo esitsha, ingakumbi eCrimea. Ukongeza kwezi zizathu kwabakho kwenye - indawo esibi ukusuka kwindawo wejoloji umbono.

Ngomnyaka ngokusesikweni okulindelekileyo projekthi sele ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Eli tyala waya ekuweni yiSoviet Union, ngoko ke, phantse ukulungele iCrimea NPP wahlala yodwa kunokuba abaphangi babesebenzisa zonke imivumbo.

NPP amaxhoba steel akuhluthe phezu zesinyithi ahle kunye nonferrous. Namhlanje, iseyindawo benqwanqwa kuphela, yaye etsala kubakhenkethi kuphela bhanya. Noko ke, njengazo zonke izixhobo zenyukliya ushiywe eCrimea kunye Sevastopol, i NPP itshatyalaliswa hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokhuphiswano abaphangi, kodwa phantsi kwempembelelo kokusingqongileyo kunye nexesha.

Ndlu "Alsou"

"Unqontsonqa 221" - itanki likhulu eCrimea. Kwacetywa ukubeka umyalelo we-Black Sea Fleet xa kuthe ngenxa yesifo yenyukliya. Xa iyonke yena imigangatho emine komhlaba, apho ezimakhulu mabini neemitha nobunzulu, ezintathu zazo zifumaneka kuphela kunye nezixhobo lisanyuka.

Ngaphakathi kule ndlu ebetha yonke umfanekiso le plate radiation. Apha - izivingco sisinyithi osenyongweni eekhilomitha emigodini kunye igumbi elikhulu ukuba reactor yenyukliya.

Amangeno kule ndlu ise entabeni, "ekujoliswe" kwaye bezenze indlu yokuhlala. Nkqu ngeefestile zipeyintwe ukuba mbono. On top of entabeni zifumaneka iziphumo emigodini umoya waveguide. Ondele kuye, uyazi ukuba iinkokheli eSoviet libhekisela amathuba ndlongo ngakwicala iintshaba zakhe kakhulu.

Ukutyelela kule ndlu akukhuthazwa ngenxa kwizifundo ngezifundo zobugcisa, apho kulula ukuba ulahlekile, wamshiya upper ikheshi yingozi. Kwakhona ngaphakathi ukufuma into, nto leyo idala isimo sivune kuphuhliso microorganisms ezifana ngumngundo, nto leyo enokukhokelela necrosis kwemiphunga.

komhlaba Sevastopol

isixeko Underground baqala ukuphuhlisa elide ngaphambi wayenomdla emkhosini. Abonakalisa umdla kuphela imi--30 lwekhulu XX. Ngokomthetho amagumbi engaphantsi yokugcina ukutya kunye emthethweni.

Xa kukho isoyikiso zenyukliya, urhulumente ukhawule grand ngokobubanzi bawo lweprojekthi. Sekunjalo isazama kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eli lizwe liye laqalisa ukulungiselela imfazwe elitsha. Ngokwesi sicwangciso IV Stalin, phezu komhlaba wonke sakhiwo kufuneka ukuba nogxa yayo emhlabeni. Kwaye kwimeko imfazwe yenyukliya, abantu beze nje phantsi emashumini ezimbalwa oziimitha phantsi yaye waqhubeka baphile baze basebenze ngokuqhelekileyo.

Lwabe inzima kakhulu, yaye ngo-1953 i-Sevastopol ngokufihlakeleyo akazange nesiqingatha kwakhiwa. Ngelo xesha, Khrushchev weza ngamandla uku onke amandla kunye nezibonelelo kuphuhliso enomjukujelwa ngwenya yenyukliya. Ngenxa yale projekthi kunye isixeko ngokufihlakeleyo bubambene bangaze kuyo abasayi kubuyela kulo.

amagumbi kuphela ambalwa efanelekileyo njengoko ikhusi waza waqalisa ukusebenza. Kwelinye izakhiwo, nto ingako. Obala yanyamalala ngathi zange zabakho: Amagalelo ezibiyelweyo kunye nemizobo atshiswe. Ezinye izakhiwo ishiywe nje.

Bekucingelwa ukuba onke amagumbi anxulumene omnye komnye, kodwa njengoko isixeko ayikagqitywa, abaninzi bahlala elizimeleyo.

Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya

izixhobo zenyukliya eCrimea phakathi kwinkulungwane XX kwakhiwa esebenzayo kakhulu kunye nobuchwepheshe yakutshanje. Ukugcinwa izixhobo zenyukliya yakhiwa ngo-1955 kufutshane Krasnokamenka. Le yenye yokugcina yokuqala engundoqo kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Le ndawo ayizange ezikhethwe ithuba intili, ukusuka prying amehlo, emile intaba ifihliwe. Zokugcina itonela kunye ubude neekhilomitha angapha kwesibini, aqhiwuke entabeni Kiziltash. Ngokutsho iingcali, le iimbumbulu uya kuhlala bunjalo kwanokuba dubulo n'wina a warhead yenyukliya.

Ibhombu yeathom evenkileni zibonakala ngesandla, ngaphandle ukhuseleko abasebenzi, ngaphandle utywala.

Privacy ngokuthe ngqo kakhulu. An into 76 zingafumaneka kuphela yokupasa okhethekileyo. Kuyo yonke indawo, belapho siluleka imiqondiso, kunye ivenkile kwebala iye ibiyelwe ngocingo oluhlabayo. Kodwa ke, kwelinye icala, igama Krasnokamenka ayikwazanga kufumaneka kwi kwimaphu kunye basekuhlaleni yokundwendwela kungathetha "uTheodosius-13."

Kulo nyaka 94th, athe asayina isivumelwano ne-United States kunye Ukraine, iRashiya iye wathwala imixholo yonke into ibe nommandla wayo.

Balaclava ( "Unqontsonqa 825")

De 1957 kwaba idolophu, kwaye ngoku - yinxalenye Sevastopol. Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II into ebengekho ukusuka iimephu. Endaweni yawo ine- isiseko yangaphakathi ye ngwenya, izixhobo zenyukliya arsenal. Kwaba kwiqweqwe eweni, nto leyo msele kwaye liyakwazi ukumelana kuhlaselwa yenyukliya. Kuba iyelenqe into ekuthiwa ukulungiswa kunye nesiseko zobugcisa.

Akuzange kube nje yokugcina izinto zenyukliya, kodwa phantsi komhlaba ukuze balungise imikhumbi kwamanzi.

Ukwakhiwa isiseko uthathe iminyaka emine kuphela: ukususela kowe-1957 ukuya 1961-th-th. Kule izibuko channel komhlaba baba kanye ezisixhenxe lweenqanawa ezintywilayo idizili, yaye eziliqela abantu amawaka sihlale xa kuyimfuneko.

Ngoku "Unqontsonqa 825" luvuleleke kubo bonke ukubenza, waza wajika waba museum of ii nkwili kunye neenqanawa.

"Unqontsonqa 100"

Phakathi Cape Aya kunye Balaklava yaba inkqubo efihlakeleyo imizili unxweme. Ukuqalisa ukusuka 50 kwaye phezulu ekuweni yiSoviet Union, nguye owayephethe uLwandle Black.

Eli bhotwe komhlaba yaba lizilawule ngokupheleleyo xa imfazwe ixesha elide yaye i ukhuseleko cage engaphezulu kwezixhobo atomic.

Ukwakhiwa projekthi lwaqhutywa ukusukela ngo-1954 ukuya 1957. Gun entabeni inkqubo enomjukujelwa komhlaba shot phantsi nayiphi ekujoliswe ngaphakathi kweemitha ezili-100. Ngexesha wokwakha kwakuthetha ukuba utshaba uya kuhlasela eTurkey. Nangona complex ngokubetha utshaba, i-Black Sea Fleet umyalelo bahlangane uze uyisebenzise nemikhosi yazo.

Ukuze "ukuThunga" ixesha nezixhotyiswe ngeteknoloji entsha. Ngowe-1964 no-1982, kwenziwa ekwakhiweni nokuphuculwa ukuya iindidi ezintsha ze imijukujelwa.

Ngowe-1996, "ukuThunga" wanikwa eUkraine, kwakunye namaziko amaninzi senyukliya eCrimea. Urhulumente yakhe eyakhiwe. Okokuqala kukho iziza, kodwa 2005 bekungekho namnye, yaye yonke loo ezintsonkothileyo wachithwa ezilahliweyo.

Airbase nuclear

Polygon № 71 okanye indiza "Bagerovo" - into enokusetyenziselwa kwamkela zonke iintlobo moya. Kananjalo moya spare ukuba "Buran" kwisiphekepheke, nto leyo nangoku ezigcinwe zikwimeko entle.

Eyona misebenzi iphambili ye kwiinda leyo aseMelika salowo in eriyeli udubulo zenyukliya mode, "non-nuclear" uvavanyo iibhombu kunye nabalwi. inkunkuma eyingozi wangcwatyelwa entlango, phakathi ezilalini Bagerovo Chistopole. Le ndawo yokungcwaba, ekuthiwa Bagerovsky ikhona unanamhla, ukuqokelela ezininzi namarhe innuendo.

Le yaseFisantekraal ibekwe kufuphi Kerch - 14 km. Ukwakhiwa ngangosuku 1947 ukuya 1949.

Ke kaloku, kule lali baphila ezine iwaka isiqingatha sabantu. Uninzi lwabo amajoni zangaphambili kunye neentsapho zabo.

Ngowe-70-80-sharing e Bagerovo butho useko uqeqesho esikolweni abahambi. Kamva ke wadlala indima yoqeqesho kunye ngokutsha labaqhubi kulo lonke USSR. bafundi kutshanje washiya iRashiya ngo-1994. Ukususela ngo-1996, lo moya awusebenzi. Kwaye ngo-1998, iyunithi yomkhosi apheliswe. Lenkunkuma kwayekwa njengoko phantse bonke yenyukliya namaziko eCrimea.

Polygon "Umsonto"

Novofedorivka ibekwe kwi indiza. Yakhiwa ngo-imi- 80 lwekhulu XX uqeqesho kunye nokuvavanywa iimodeli ezintsha abathwali moya kunye nokuqeqesha nabaqhubi ngaphambi kokuba uthathe-off kunye ukugaleleka kwi yenethiwekhi moya.

Polygon iphinde izivelise kwakhona ngokupheleleyo kumgangatho ezintathu-moya yenethiwekhi zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko ezifana njengesikhundla, ukugcinwa kunye nezinye iinethiwekhi. A exercisers esisiseko aphantsi komhlaba.

Uqeqesho reactor yenyukliya kwisixeko Sevastopol

ushishino lwenyukliya iCrimea imelwe reactor omnye kuphela, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi kummandla Sevastopol National Technical University of Nuclear Energy and Industry. Wayeka ngo-2014 ngenxa nokudliwa eCrimea eRashiya. Ukusebenzisa i-reactor uqeqesho nokufuna ilayisenisi, apho yunivesithi ifumaneka kuphela kummandla Ukraine, hayi ukuya kusebenza eRashiya. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzwana-reactor ayikho liyasebenza. Eli ziko yakhiwe kwaye ufake ukusebenza ngo-1967.