"IDagestan" ngumkhumbi weProjekthi 11661 yeCaspian Flotilla. Iifoto kunye neengalo zesithuthi se-rocket "iDagestan"

Iminyaka yokugqibela yabonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukurhoxiswa kweenqwelo ukusuka kuloo mgodi ojulile apho uMlambo wafumana khona emva kokuwa kwe-USSR. Ngokukodwa, ngokokuqala ngqa kwiminyaka emininzi, iinqanawa ezintsha ezakhiwe ngokukodwa kwiRussia Federation zaqala ukuqaliswa kumanzi. Ngoko, umzekelo, yi-corvette "iDagestan". Le nqanawa sele izuze udumo oluninzi, ngokugqithiseleyo ukudubula iinqwelo zokuhamba kwiindawo ezisemagqabini eSiriya. I-Dagestan ngokwayo kunye nezinye iinqwelo zeProjekthi 11661 zenziwe njani?

Ukuqala kokuphuhliswa

Emuva kwiminyaka yee-1980, kwavela ukuba ilizwe lifuna kakubi inani leenqanawa ezenzelwe ukukhusela ummandla wonxweme. Imitsha entsha iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo yokufaka indawo yeprojekthi ye-1124. Imfuneko yendlela entsha eyayivela ngenxa yokuba iinqanawa ezili-11540 zeprololi zaqala "ukuqhubela phambili" ukujongana nemisebenzi emikhulu. Ngokukodwa, becetywayo ukuba bathumele ukubuyisela indawo yeprojekti ye-1135 esele ikhona.

Uxanduva loyilo olukhethwe nguYuni.A. Nikolsky, kwaye ke uVn Kashkin, owayesele azikhangele ekusebenzeni kwinqanawa yaseZelenodolsk. Yayibulela umsebenzi wabo ukuba umkhombe waseDagestan we-missile uvele.

Iimfuno zabaThengi

Abathengi baseMnxweme bafuna ukuba kusetyenziswe isitishi se-hydroacoustic kwisakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, ukufuduka kwafuneka kwandiswe kanye kwimizuzu engama-2000, eyayizisa iinqanawa ezenziwe ngokusondeleyo kwiprojekthi "yokhuphiswano" 12441. Nangona kunjalo, le mikhombe yayineempahla ezinamandla ezinamandla kunye nesayithi yeenqwelo-moya zokulwa neenqwelo-moya, ukuze zingasetyenziswanga njengee-watchdogs. Ngelo xesha, ngokwenene, umkhumbi we-patrol uDagestan, nangona ungenazo izixhobo ezinamandla, usebenza ngakumbi kwaye ukhawuleze.

Kwakhiwa njani

Ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezintsha kucetywayo ekuqaleni kwee-90. Yintoni eyenzeka ngelo xesha, esele saziyo. Ngoko, ekupheleni kuka-1990, i-flagship yabizwa ngokuthi "i-Burevestnik", kodwa emva kweemeko ezithile, ukuxhaswa kwezimali kwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza. Kakade ngo-1995, i-"Stormy Petrel" enyulu "yagcinwa," kwaye emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa - ekugqibeleni yaqhekeka.

Kwiprojekthi efanayo, ngo-1993 iinqanawa ezicwangcisiweyo zakhiwe kwiimfuno ze-WFM yaseNdiya, kodwa ngomnyaka ofanayo ka-1995, imali eyayihloselwe ukwakhiwa kwayo "yakhawuleza" yaphela. Ngoxa wonke umntu wayecinga ngokucacileyo oko kwenzekayo kwaye apho imali ihamba khona, amaNdiya ayenqaba ukuthenga. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, imali isakwazi ukuyifumana, iinqanawa zagqitywa, waza waba "eTatarstan".

Ngomnyaka ka-2003, waba ngu-flagship esemthethweni yeCaspian Flotilla. Ixesha "iDagestan" lithathwa ngathi ngathi? Le nqanawa yayisakhiwe okokuqala ngenye indlela eyayiphilile ngo-1991, kodwa, ngokungafani nabo bonke abazalwana bayo, kodwa yayigqityiwe kwaye yahanjiswa kwinqwelo phantsi kwegama layo langaphambili.

Akumangalisi ukuba ixesha lokwakha lalikhulu. Ekuqaleni, "iDagestan" yayifuna ukuhambisa phezu kweenqwelo-moya ngo-2012, kodwa ngenxa yomonakalo umkhumbi owamkela ngexesha lokuvavanya, kwanexesha elifanelekileyo kwakufuneka linyelwe. Kuphela phakathi konyaka wakwazi ukuphuma elwandle, ukuze aphephe ngokubaluleka kwakhe, iimfono ze-Caliber-NK. Ngelo xesha yonke into yayihamba kakuhle, ngoko ke ekupheleni kukaNovemba 2012 loo nqanawa yaba yinxalenye yoMkhosi wamaRashiya eRussia.

Ukwahlula imiqondiso ye "Dagestan"

Inqanawa yepolisi "iDagestan" enegunya elipheleleyo lingathiwa liyingqayizivele. Ukuqala ubuncinane izilingo ezenzeke kuphela kwiCaspian, kodwa nakuLwandle oluMnyama. Baqhutyelwa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Zonke izigaba zohlolo lwamazwe zazivelele, kwaze kwafakwa izixhobo ezivela kwisiganeko samatye asandul 'ukutsha.

Xa kuthelekiswa "namawele" akhe, oko kukuthi, kunye ne "Tatarstan", umkhumbi unemiba ebaluleke kakhulu neyabonakalayo. Okokuqala, i- rocket launchers kule nqanawa zimeleleke, zivumela ukuba umlilo ngokuthe ngandlela naluphi na uluncedo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umkhondo we-ship Dagestan olandelayo. Amandla enza ukuba kube lula ukutshabalalisa iithagethi ezahlukahlukeneyo kumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-300, oku kungenzeka ukuba ngu-0.85-1. Le pharamitha yavanywa ngempumelelo ngempumelelo, xa ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwindlunkulu yesiganeko yahlaselwa, ibekwe kumgama weekhilomitha ezili-180 ukusuka kwinqanawa.

Ukungafani

Iimvumba ezikhawulezayo kunye neenkqubo eziphambili zokulwa nomlilo ezikhuselekileyo zandisa ukwanda kokulwa kwelo nqanawa, okuvumela ukudala ukukhuselwa komoya. Enyanisweni, zonke iimeko zivumela ukuba sibize umnqanawa we-rocket "Dagestan" ityitye yonke. Ngokwenene, abaphuhlisi ngokwabo bathi bangakwazi ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo njengefrigates.

Oku kuphikisana nokungabikho kwezixhobo ezinamandla ze-antisubmarine, kodwa akukho majelo angaphantsi kweCaspian. Ngoko inqanawa ethi "Dagestan" (iCaspian Flotilla, i-693) ihambelana ngokupheleleyo kwindawo yokusetyenziswa, iyakwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe yona.

Esinye seziqendu eziphambili zesi nqanawa zizinto eziphathekayo (i-alloy ekhethekileyo ye-magnesium ne-aluminium). Le alloy ingasasaza ngokukhawuleza isignali ye-radar, eyenza iphrojekthi ye-Dagestan missile engabonakaliyo engama-11661 engabonakaliyo kwiinkqubo zokufumanisa intshaba. Ukongezelela, kukho iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokudibanisa. Yonke into eyinkimbinkimbi ifihla kakuhle intambo yeyona nqanawa, iyayikhusela ekubhujisweni "ngeempawu" ezibandakanya iibhola.

Ekugqibeleni, "iDagestan" yenzelwe ukuqwalasela ubuninzi kwiinqanawa zale klasi yokuzimela: ingahamba ngethuba ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini, emva kokuhamba malunga neekhilomitha ezili- 5 zama-nautical. Ukuqinisekisa izinga elifanelekileyo lokuthuthuzela abasebenzi (kwaye kunye nale ndawo encinci yokufuduka kubaluleke kakhulu), ukwakhiwa kwenziwe ngabaqhubi abasebenza. Oku kuvumela abantu ukuba bajamelane nokuzonwabisa okucokisekileyo. Inkqubo yokusebenza emoyeni yomoya yenza ukuba kube nokusebenza nakwiindawo ezitshatyalaliswayo ezitshatyalaliswayo.

Impawu eziphambili zezobugcisa zesitya

• Ukufuduka ngokupheleleyo kwiitoni ezingama-2200.
• Ubude obude bomzimba buyi-102.4 emitha.
• Ububanzi obukhulu bodonga buyi-14.4 emitha.
• Ukuphakama kwecala, i-middlesection - 7.25 yamitha.
• Isiqhelo esiqhelekileyo si-5.6 emitha.
• Ijubane elikhulu lokuhamba ngeevili li-29 amaqhina.
• Uluhlu olusisigxina sokuhamba (kwimodi yokonga ye-diesel injini) yi-5,000 miles.
• Ukuzimela kokutya kunye namanzi okusela amanzi - iintsuku ezingama-20.
• Inombolo ephakanyisiweyo yamalungu abasebenzi abasebenzi abangama-84.

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kunye nesiseko sendawo

Ukwakhiwa kwelo nqanawa kubhekisela kwinguqu yeklasi, kunye nebala lokuzilahla kunye namacandelo elishumi anamanzi. Zonke i-add-ins zenziwa kwi-alloys ekhethekileyo ye-magnesium ne-aluminium. Ngenxa yeli qiniso, ukubonakala kwe-radar ubuncinci kwinqanawa kuqinisekiswa. I-hull yesitya iya kwenziwa nge-alloy-alloy steel, engaxhomekeke kwimimandla enobudlova kunye namanzi olwandle. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba uthathe ubomi obude benkonzo yezi frigates.

Amandla

Kukho i-missile egqibeleleyo, iinqwelo zokulwa, kunye nezixhobo zokulwa nezixhobo zokulwa nezixhobo zokulwa, ezi zibuye zakhiwe kwisiseko se-missile. I-"ikarita yexilongo" eyona nto yinkqantosi yokulwa ne-"Uranus" ("Uran-E"), exhotywe ngeemfono zemizekelo ye- X-35 (E). Uluhlu olujoliswe kulo luyi-130 ukuya kwii-260 ikhilomitha, kuxhomekeke ekuguqulweni kunye nohlobo lwama-projectile asetyenziswayo. Yintoni ehlukile kwiDagestan? Le nqanawa yiyo kuphela yochungechunge lonke, eyona yokuqala yokufumana inkathazo ye-Caliber-NK, eyayisetyenziswe kuyo, kubandakanywa kwiimeko zokulwa.

Esi sixhobo siyaphawuleka kuba oko kuvumela imivimbo (iibhonkco eziqhelekileyo) kwiithagethi zolwandle nolunxwemeni ezikude ukuya kuma-300 km. Ukuba kusetyenziswe imichilo ye-cruise, ke udidi olufanelekileyo lotshaba luyanqandwa kakhulu (amaxesha amaninzi) landa. Iingcali ezininzi zakwazi ukukholelwa oko kuphela emva kokudubula kwiisiseko zobugandaganda.

Iinqununu

Kwimpumlo kukho imodeli engama-76.2-mm ye-artillery model model AK-176M. Iimpahla ezipheleleyo zi-152 shots. Ukongeza, iifaki ezimbini (i-caliber 30 mm) I-AK-630M inikezelwa ukutshatyalaliswa kweethagethi eziphambili. Iibhamu zazo zonke - ama-3000. Ezi zitshixo zivumela ukulwa nokusebenza kakuhle kolwandle, umoya, kunye nezinye iithagethi zonxweme. Ziziphi ezinye iinqwelo ezifakwe kwi-corvette ye-Dagestan missile? Le nqanawa ixhobile ngemishini ye-14.5-mm.

Ukukhuselwa kokuhlaselwa emoyeni

Ukudala ukukhuselwa komoya othembekileyo kwiinqanawa zeprojekthi 11661 isisombululo sokulwa ne-air "Osa-MA-2" sisetyenzisiweyo. Kwiziqalisi zale nkqubo zingakwazi ukufikelela kwiimpompo ezingama-20. Kodwa kwi "Dagestan" ngeenjongo ezifanayo i-Zlac "Palash" iyasebenza, leyo (ekukhutshweni kwemveliso) ikhutshwe kule mikhumbi yale projekthi, eyayiyakhelwe ukuthengiswa kwabathengi bangaphandle.

Ukukhuselwa ekuhlaselweni kwamanzi

Ukuze ungashiyi umkhumbi weDagestan weprojekthi ye-11661 ukukhuseleka ekujonganeni nokuhlaselwa kweenqanawa zeentshaba, ii-torpedo tubes ezinomlinganiselo we-533 mm zinikezelwe ngokusemthethweni. Qaphela ukuba kwiinguqu zokuthumela ngaphandle kweeprojekthi zeprojekthi enye, ukufakwa kwebhobho ye-bhu ye-RBU-6000 imodeli ifakwe. Ukuhlaselwa okunokwenzeka kunye nokusekwa kwe-helicopter ye-man-marine ka-Ka-27. Ngenxa yokunyusa kwayo, ngokukodwa, kukho iitanki ezihlukeneyo ebhodini. Ukuba ithathwa, i-helicopter ingaba kwi-hangar ekhethekileyo (kunye namacenge adibeneyo).

Nangona kunjalo, konke oku akuyimfuneko kakhulu, ukuba sixoxa ngesi nqanawa esithi "Dagestan". I-Caspian flotilla (iinqanawa ezingama-693 ezinikezelwe kuyo), kwakunye nokubunjwa kolwandle kwamanye amazwe kulo mmandla, akunakunayo nayiphi na i-submarines apha. Kodwa apha ufanele ukhumbule ukuba inqanawa ingathunyelwa kuLwandle oluMnyama nanini na, kwaye kukho amathuba okuhlaselwa phantsi kwamanzi.

Zixhobo zo bugcisa

Izixhobo zedarari "azizinzile", njengokuba kufikeleleke kumatshini amasha kunye nesebenzayo. Imeko efanayo iyenzeka xa kufuneka idibaniswe nezixhobo ezintsha. Ngokukodwa, kwezinye iinqanawa zeprojekthi enye, kubandakanywa nokwakhiwa kweemfuno zamanxweme angaphandle, izakhiwo zatshintshwe ezimbini okanye kathathu.

Inkxalabo ye-"Mineral-M" ixanduva lwe-radar kwi "Dagestan", "I-Positive-M1" isebenza njenge-radar ejongene nokubanzi. Inkqubo ye-hydroacoustic ejongene nokufunyanwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha leenqanawa zeentshaba ngumzekelo we-MGC-335. Inqanawa ethi "Dagestan" (umfanekiso okulo nqaku) inokuphazamiseka, usebenzisa i-TEC-25 kunye ne-SIGMA BIU kule njongo. Iimvavanyo zabo zentsimi zibonise ukuba ezi nkqubo ziyakwazi ukuphikisana ngokuphumelelayo nemizamo yokuba intshaba ingabetha "iimpawu" zokulwa nemikhosi.

Ukufakelwa kwamandla

Injini enkulu i-diesel, i-shaft-shaft, imodeli yeCODOG. Uhlobo lwedizili - 61D, ijubane eliphakathi. Amandla onke engenjini i-8000 ilitha. . Iyunithi yamandla ijongene nezindlela zokuhamba eziqhelekileyo. Kukho iirhubhe ezimbini zegesi ezinezigidi ezingama-29,000. . Baya kuchitha iinqanawa ezingama-28, kwaye zijoliswe ekusebenziseni kwimimoya yokulwa, xa iqondo lokulungelelaniswa kwekhephe liba luleke. Ukubonelela zonke izixhobo zesebe ngombane, zinezixhobo ezintathu ze-diesel generator kanyekanye, ngasinye sinamandla angama 600 kW.

Ekugqibeleni

Okwangoku, iinqanawa zeCaspian Flotilla "iDagestan" yile nqanawa yokugqibela yeprojekthi yayo, esebenza neRashiya yamaRashiya. Ngo-2011-2012. Ngokubanzi kukho ulwazi malunga nokuyeka okupheleleyo kunye nokuqhwala komsebenzi kulolu hlobo, kodwa aluqinisekanga. Kubikwa ukuba ezinye iinqanawa zee-series ziza kusebenza, kodwa imihla yokuhambisa iye yanda kakhulu. Isizathu silula - iUkraine, ekukhanyeni kweziganeko ezithile, inqabile ukuzalisekisa imimiselo yesivumelwano sokubonelela ngeeyunithi zerhasi.

Abakhi boomkhumbi basekhaya ba thembisa ukuba le meko enzima ayinakubathintela ekuzalisekeni isicwangciso sokuhlaziya iinqanawa zasekhaya. Ihlala yithemba lokuba i-missile yaseDagestan, ezo zixhobo eziya kubeka inhlonipho kwimkhombe emikhulu yemikhosi, ayiyi kuba "ngowokugqibela kwi-Mohicans".