Ukubonela phambili yindlela entsha yokwakha ikamva. Iinkalo zobungqina

Igama elithi "ukubonela phambili" livela kwisiNgesi "ukubonela phambili". Ekuguquleleni, kuthetha "ukujonga kwikamva". Okwangoku, ukubonela phambili kuyindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu esetyenziswayo ukulungiselela izinto eziphambili kwiinkalo zoqoqosho, isayensi, iteknoloji kunye noluntu.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ezifunyenwe nolu hlobo lweprojekthi, iimephu zendlela ezikhethekileyo zenziwa. Zizo ezivumela ukuxazulula iingxaki zokubunjwa kwexesha elizayo.

Inkcazo yemeko

Ukubonelela ngumbono wovavanyo lwexesha elide lobugcisa, isayensi, uluntu kunye noqoqosho, okwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. Injongo yale projekthi kukuchaza isicwangciso esiliqili sobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nophando, okuza kuzisa ixesha elizayo uncedo olukhulu kunokwenzeka kwimeko yentlalo-qoqosho.

Imbali yokubonakala

Ukubonwa kwindlela yindlela entsha. Le ngcamango ibonakala malunga neminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo. Inkqubo "yokubona kwangaphambili" yavela kuqala kule projekthi, eyenziwa yi-American corporation RAND. Kwakukho apho imisebenzi ixazululwe ukufumanisa ubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo kummandla wempi.

Kwiminyaka emashumi amahlanu ekhulwini lokugqibela, iingcali zenkampani zijongene neengxaki zokungabikho kwezindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili. Ngelo xesha, bahamba ngendlela yabo. Iingcali zeRAND ziye zaphuhlisa indlela yeDelphi. Emva koko, ezininzi izifundo zokuqala kwangaphambili zaqala ukusekelwe kulo.

Ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwendlela eyaveliswa ngamaMelika yafunyanwa kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini lokugqibela. Kwakuloo ndlela kwindlela yokuqala yokubheka kwangaphambili ephakamileyo kwinqanaba likazwelonke. Wayengomnye wabokuqala ukuba ahlonishwe kuRhulumente waseJapan. Kungekude kudala kweli lizwe iziphumo zesibonelelo sesibhozo sesizwe sele zifingqiwe.

Izifundo ezifanayo ziqhutyelwa phantse kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu aseYurophu, kunye naseChina. Kutshanje, olu luhlu lubandakanya iRashiya.
Ikhoyili entsha ekuphuhlisweni kwayo kwangaphambili yayingama-90 ekhulwini lokugqibela. Le yithuba elithile apho indlela eya ngaphaya kwemida ye-teknoloji kunye nesayensi. Ukubonela phambili kwakusetyenziselwa ukuhlola iimarike ezithembisayo. Kungekude kudlulileyo, ubuchule buye besetyenziselwa ukuhlaziya iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esiyinxalenye yeenkqubo ezintsha zokuvelisa ihlabathi.

Isicelo

Indlela yokubonelela ibonelela ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso zexesha elide lokuphuhlisa iteknoloji, isayensi kunye nezoqoqosho. Ngexesha elifanayo, iziphumo zalo zijoliswe ekunyuseni ukhuphiswano, kunye nokufumaneka kokuphuhlisa ngokufanelekileyo kwimicimbi yezoqoqosho nezentlalo.

Ukubonela phambili yindlela ekujoliswe kuyo ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekufezekiseni ukuvumelana phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba bezona zikhokelo ezibalulekileyo. Oku kwenziwa ngumbutho weengxoxo zabo eziqhubekayo.

Nangona kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukubeka ingqalelo engqondweni ukuba ukubonela phambili kungekhona ukuqikelela ikusasa. Le ndlela isekelwe kwelinye. Uvela kwiindlela ezikhethwa ngexesha elizayo, ezinokuthi zenzeke phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

I ngcebiso

Indlela yokubikezela isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwiinkqubo zobuchwepheshe kunye nehlabathi. Inempembelelo ngqo kwizakhiwo zomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu. Esinye sezikhokelo zokubona kwangaphambili kukubunjwa kwentlangano yengcali, umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukubikezela kufuneka kubhekise kwimifanekiso yentuthuko kazwelonke yophuhliso.

Iziphumo

Imveliso yomsebenzi weziko lokubonelela phambili yilapho ibizwa ngokuba yimephu yeendlela. Ziyimpawu ezisemthethweni ezibonisa iindlela ezinokuphuhliswa kwelo xesha kwixesha elizayo. Ngokusekelwe kule mapu, izinto eziphambili zexesha elide zenziwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bobupolitika kunye nezopolitiko. Amaxwebhu anjalo asebenza njengezixhobo eziphambili kubafundi boluntu, kuba ziyisiseko sokucacisa iinjongo zophuhliso kunye necebo; Xa wenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kwimpikiswano okanye kwiimeko ezinzima; Ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi karhulumente kunye nezopolitiko karhulumente.

Iindlela

Iyona edume kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva nje yindlela yokubikezela, ebizwa ngokuba nguDelphi. Isekelwe kwidatha evela kuphando olwenziwa phakathi kwenani leengcali (2-3,000), kwakunye nokuhlelwa kwengxelo kwisigaba sesibini sophando.

Kwizifundo, le ndlela yokubonela phambili isetyenziswa rhoqo. Iindidi zeendlela, ezibizwa ngokuba nguDelphi, sele zifumene isicelo sayo eJamani, eJapan, e-United Kingdom nakwamanye amazwe. Kule ngxelo, iingcali ezikhethekileyo kuphela zikhethiweyo kwaye iikomishoni zengcali zenziwe kwiindawo ezahlukileyo. Ngelo xesha, uluhlu lwezihloko zoluntu luphuhliswa, uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe, ukubonakala kwaloko kulindeleke kwixesha elide (ukufikelela kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amathathu).

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiingcali zophando zivavanya nganye kwezihloko, zichonge ukufumaneka kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko. Izithintelo ezinokuthi zingaphumelele ekuphunyezweni ngokufanelekileyo kwezona zibaluleka ezibalulekileyo zenziwe.

Kukho enye indlela yokubona kwangaphambili. Iindidi zendlela yokubikezela ikamva, ebizwa ngokuba yiCritical Technologies, isetyenziswa kakhulu eFransi, eUnited States, eCzech Republic nakwamanye amazwe. Iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ziveliswa ngokolwazi lweengcali eziqeqeshe kakhulu. Baqulunqa uluhlu lweekhnoloji ezibucayi kwiindawo zophando. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ziingcali ezingamakhulu amabini ezibandakanyekayo kuloo mandla. Ngelo xesha, ithemba lokubikezela aligqithisi iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyishumi.

Phantse iprojekthi nganye yokubonelela iyenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela yeepaneli zengcali. Le ndlela ithathwa njengesiseko. Ukuyifezekisa, iqela leengcali lenziwe lisuka kubantu abalishumi elinambini ukuya kwababini. Banikezwa umxholo othize kwaye banike iinyanga eziliqela ukuba bacinge ngeendlela ezinokuzikhethela ngekamva. Ngexesha elifanayo, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ulwazi olutshanje kunye nophuhliso oluhlalutyo kunye nezinto.

Ubungqina bendlela yeepaneli zengcali kukuvuleka kwenkqubo yokubonelela phambili kubantu abaninzi. Inzuzo ephambili yale ndlela yindlela yokusebenzisana kwabameli beendawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi kunye nolwazi lwezenzululwazi, apho kwezinye iinkalo kunzima kakhulu ukulungiselela.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini lokugqibela, i-Motorola yavelisa indlela entsha yokubikezela. Kubizwa ngokuba yimephu yendlela. Indawo ephambili yesicelo sayo kukuphuhliswa kwamacebo axesha elide kwiinkampani ezinkulu okanye kumashishini ezobuchwepheshe. Ingundoqo yile ndlela kukucwangcisa zonke izinto eziphambili zoshishino. Oku kusebenza kwimali kunye nokuthengiswa, iteknoloji kunye nezibonelelo ezisisiseko, iimarike kunye neenkonzo. Inzuzo ephambili yemephu yomgwaqo kukuphuhliswa kombono ovunyelweneyo weenjongo zokuphuhlisa ixesha elide elilandelwa yinkampani.

Ukhetho lweNdlela

Iindlela ezingasetyenziselwa ukujonga iiprojekthi zihlaziywa rhoqo. Iinkqubo ezintsha zivela. Ukukhetha kwabo kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi. Ezi zibandakanya ixesha kunye nemithintelo yemithombo, ukufikelela kwimithombo yolwazi, njl. Nangona kunjalo, imeko ephambili eqinisekisa ukuba impumelelo yeprojekthi yindlela yokusebenzisa indlela enokuthi iqinisekise ukuba umsebenzi osebenzayo weqela leengcali ezibandakanyekayo.

Isiphelo

Ngoko yintoni ibonelelo? Le teknoloji ekhethekileyo apho kulandelwa ixesha elide. Ngamanye amazwi, yindlela ecacileyo yokwakha umzekelo olinganisiweyo, odibeneyo noxanduva lwekamva lethu. Ukubonelela kwangaphambili 2030, 2050, njl., Isiphumo esiyinhloko sophando.

Umbono wekamva ubonakaliswe kumaphepha ahlukeneyo asisiseko sokuphuhliswa kweeprogram zexesha elide kunye neendlela zophuhliso kumazwe.