Postulates Bohr kaThixo

Niels Bohr - nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo Danish ngubani lokuqala kwaba ukungavumelani imithetho wezinto zemvelo atom. Kulo mba, wavelisa nokucingela ezimbini, eyaziwa namhlanje njengokuba quantum Bohr postulates. Bathembela umfuziselo-atom, kanye ecetywayo E. Rutherford, njengako nguwuphi (atom) ngamnye isakhiwo esifanayo isakhiwo indalo: electron athom sele motion eqhubekayo malunga amasuntswana ezizinzileyo - isiqalo. Ixesha lokuqala, le modeli yayigqalwa nabangakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuchaza nokucacisa zonke yemifuniselo enxulumene kunye atom. Noko ke, kamva kwacaca ukuba impendulo umbuzo malunga nento ubukho athom kunye nozinzo yayo, le modeli ayikho nako.

Ngokwekhalenda imodeli langa, isindululo ze elektroni ehlabathini core emileyo kufuneka kunyanzeleka ukuba akhatshwe ukukhutshwa amaza ogama rhoqo ilingana eziya kwi-frequency ojikelezayo lweziqalelo kakubi icala ngeenxa embindini. Ngenxa yoko - amandla electron kufuneka kuqhubeka ukunciphisa, nto leyo yenza ukuba kwawo nangakumbi ngumongo. Noko ke, njengokuba kubonisa, oku akwenzeki. Atom jikelele Inkqubo ezinzileyo esindayo ixesha elide ngaphandle sesichengeni ezivela ngaphandle. Imitha ingaphezulu ukuze kukhankanywe ekhethekileyo, ngamanye ngakanye, leyo, Kakade, salatha ubunyani periodicity zesifundo, kunokuba njalo yayo. Ngamanye amazwi, abaphengululi bagqiba ukuba kusetyenziswe imithetho yamandulo wezenzululwazi ukuze achaze ubukho elektroni akunakwenzeka.

Kuphela ngo-1913, yaqalisa yi Bohr vekeleke bavunyelwe ukuchaza ukuba ngumzekelo we hydrogen atom imigaqo elektroni yamandla kwemitha.

Izigqibo ezenziwa Bohr, waye empirically kungqinwe izazinzulu ezininzi ixesha. Ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo kwalo wadalwa yonke ithiyori, apho kamva waba kwimeko ezizodwa ubucukubhede quantum. postulates Bohr zezi zilandelayo:

1. Inkqubo Nuclear bangumceph 'amandla, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuba En, lo gama kuphela States quantum. Kungenjalo (xa ukwimeko ngcembe i-atom), ongakhululwanga amandla.

Apha, urhulumente ngokuthe libhekisela ukuhamba elektroni kwi emzileni ezithile. Nangona ukufumaneka ngqo isindululo olungongezwanga, amaza bangabi ezikhutshiweyo, kuphela atom unalo ixabiso amandla quantum.

2. Le postulate yesibini, owaziwa rhoqo ulawulo ezitsho ibonisa ukuba inguqu ye atom ukusuka kwimo enye ukuya kwenye (idla ukusuka umile ukuya umyinge) kunye ukukhululwa okanye ukufunxeka amandla. Le nkqubo oluqhutywa iinxalenye ezincinane - ufaka isicelo. ixabiso lazo ingqamana umahluko lwamandla phakathi kwamazwe phakathi apho inguqu bhanyabhanya. Le postulate yesibini uvumela ukuba bakwazi ukubala zovavanyo lwe-eneji ezaziwayo uthi umile nezihlandlo radiation hydrogen.

postulates Bohr kaThixo ziluncedo ngokuchaza ukufunxeka kokukhanya ukukhutshwa hydrogen yamasuntswana. Enyanisweni, kuba ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa kanye ngeziphumo zabo Bohr ngokwakhe. postulates Bohr baye ukuba izazinzulu mihla ukwakha kwithiyori malumga hydrogen. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ingcamango ubungakanani spectrum element elandelayo - helium - kwaba ukuba kwenzeke.

Noko ke, postulates Bohr kaThixo - physics, wabeka izitena kwi isiseko theory quantum unanamhla zezona imigqaliselo zibalulekileyo kunye nezigqibo. Ngokukodwa, kwenzeka ukwakha ngobhalo nokufunxwa kunye ukukhutshwa ukukhanya kwenza kwi data physics classical esekelwe ibingakholeleki.

postulates Bohr uvumela ukuba aphefumle ubomi entsha ubucukubhede yamandulo. Nanamhla oku, bahlala zingenakuphikwa ngokwemiqathango ubucukubhede quantum.