Yintoni Quantum Mechanics

Phantsi theory ubucukubhede quantum ukuqonda ukuziphatha emzimbeni sokuguquguquka iintlobo mba kunye radiation. Oku sisiseko theoretical component kwi apho bakha ithiyori mihla nuclei atomic, athom, imizimba, iimolekyuli kunye amasuntswana ezinesiqalelo. Ngokubanzi, ubucukubhede umyinge wadalwa zizazinzulu ababefuna ukuqonda isakhiwo atom. Iminyaka emininzi yemvelo edume bafunda iimpawu kunye nolwalathiso neyezinto balandela iziganeko zembali kwexesha.

A ingqiqo ezifana ukukhanda quantum, wakhawulwa iminyaka. Ngowe-1911, oosonzululwazi Niels Bohr kunye uRutherford ecetywayo imodeli wenyukliya ye atom, leyo sifunda imodeli Copernican kwenkqubo elanga kunye nayo. Ngapha koko, inkqubo elanga kwafuneka kwiziko yayo inucleus macala apho izinto olujikelezayo. Ngenxa yale mfundiso sisiqalo ukubala beepropati emzimbeni imichiza kwezinye izinto ezo zazakhiwe atom ezilula.

Enye imiba ebalulekileyo kule mbono, ubucukubhede quantum - na uhlobo bonke bezimpi abophe atom. Ngenxa umthetho Coulomb kaThixo, uRutherford wabonisa ukuba lo mthetho nje isikali enkulu. Kwaba ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuze kube nokugqitywa indlela apho electron ukuhamba emzileni wawo. Kweli nqanaba, ibinceda umthetho Newton.

Enyanisweni, ubucukubhede quantum kudla ngokuchasene iingqiqo ezifana ingqondo. Kunye nesibakala sokuba ingqiqo lwethu elibachaphazelayo kubonisa kuphela uhlobo into anokuthatyathwa kumava ngemihla. Kwaye, yena, amava ngemihla ojongene kuphela kunye nokuhlalisana izinto ezinkulu macro-ihlabathi, lo gama amasuntswana lomba kwinqanaba eathom kwaye atomic baziphathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, kwi macrocosm, singakwazi lula ukufumanisa ubukho nayiphi na into usebenzisa lezixhobo kunye neendlela. Kwaye ukuba umlinganiselo uququzelelo electron amasuntswana kakhulu, ngoko singayikhathaleli intsebenziswano lomlinganiselo into isixhobo sokulinganisa nje ayamkelekanga.

Ngamanye amazwi sinokuthi ukukhanda quantum i ithiyori ngokwasemzimbeni, nto leyo umisela imithetho isindululo microparticles ezahlukeneyo. Ukususela ukukhanda classical, nto leyo echaza intshukumo microparticles, ubucukubhede umyinge luphawulwa parameters ezimbini:

- nohlobo kusenokwenzeka omyinge ezithile emzimbeni, ezifana isantya kunye nesikhundla microparticles yokwazi ukuba ayinakwenzeka, unako ukubala kuphela amathuba lwamaxabiso zabo;

- utshintsho ezahlukene izinto eziphathekayo, umzekelo, amandla a microparticle kuphela amaxabiso athile ezithile.

ubucukubhede Quantum nangoku lugcwele sexesha ezifana ufihlo quantum, nto leyo iteknoloji fast-andayo bangatshintsha ihlabathi. ufihlo Quantum ijolise ukukhusela iimfihlo yonxibelelwano kunye nolwazi. Oku kusekelwe zokufihlakeleyoComment ezintweni ezithile of physics quantum kwaye iqwalasela iimeko ezinjalo apho ulwazi ukudluliselwa ngokusebenzisa kwisifundo ubucukubhede quantum. Kulapha ukusebenzisa elektroni, ziluhlaza, kunye nezinye iindlela emzimbeni kumiselwa inkqubo nokufumana kunye nokuthumela ulwazi. Ngenxa ufihlo quantum, uyakwazi ukuyila, iyile inkqubo yonxibelelwano zokuva eaves.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ezininzi izinto, unika isifundo kweekhonsepthi ezifana iziseko ubucukubhede quantum nolwalathiso, kwakunye imisebenzi ufihlo quantum. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi kweli theory nzima, kubalulekile ukufunda ngocoselelo kwaye sijonge kulo mmandla. Eneneni, ubucukubhede quantum - oku ingcamango lula, nto leyo ethe wafunda kwaye likugqinile izazinzulu kakhulu kwiminyaka emininzi.