Asidi enyongweni. Umsebenzi we-asidi inyongo. eziphilayo kwesibindi

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, siye sakwazi ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi ezintsha malunga enyongweni yakhe asidi. Kule nkalo, kwafuneka ukuba ukuhlaziya iingcinga nokwandiswa malunga nokubaluleka kwazo nokusebenza womuntu.

Indima ye asidi inyongo. Overview

Luphuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye nokuphuculwa iindlela zophando wenza kube lula ukuba sihlole ngakumbi loo asidi inyongo. Umzekelo, kukho ngoku ukuqonda ngcono nethe yentsebenziswano yabo iiproteni, lipids, zombala kunye nesiqulatho zomzimba kunye neencindi zomzimba. ulwazi Kuqinisekisiwe ebonisa ukuba asidi inyongo zibaluleke kakhulu hayi kuphela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza phecana zesisu. Ezi khompawundi inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni. Kuyinto ebalulekileyo ngokunjalo ukuba isicelo kwezi ndlela zophando zamva ukuba kakhulu ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo ukuziphatha asidi inyongo egazini, kwakunye nendlela ukuba nempembelelo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Ukongeza, ezinye khompawundi ukuthobela amasebe luvo central. Yangqineka ukubaluleka kwabo inwebu intracellular kunye neenkqubo bangaphandle. Oku kungenxa yokuba asidi duct asebenze surfactants kokusingqongileyo yangaphakathi ephilayo.

amanqaku ngembali

Olu hlobo anemichiza Strecker Isazinzulu wafumanisa embindini kwinkulungwane XIX. Wafumanisa ukuba enyongweni yeenkomo ezimbini asidi organic. Eyokuqala iqulethe nesalfure. Iqula yesibini iqulathe le nto, ke, kukho indlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Xa inkqubo ukwetyisa ezi khompawundi chemical kwasekwa cholic acid. Ngenxa yotshintsho le khompawundi ngentla kwakhiwa glycerol. Kwangaxeshanye, omnye acid inyongo yenza into eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ibizwa ngokuba taurine. Ngenxa yoko, i sokuqala iikhompawundi ababini amagama, igama elifanayo wavelisa izinto. Ngoko ke tauro- kwaye glycocholic acid, ngokulandelelana. Le kokufunyanwa sisazinzulu wamnika negalelo entsha isifundo le udidi iikhompawundi chemical.

sequestrants enyongweni acid

Ezi izinto liqela iziyobisi ukuba abe nempembelelo hypolipidemic emzimbeni womntu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuba lisetyenziswa jikelele cholesterol egazini. Kuyenzeka ukuba ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo amathuba ezimbi ezahlukeneyo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Okwangoku, iyeza mihla lisetyenziswa elinye iqela amachiza asebenza kakhulu. La machiza lipid-lisibekele ezi statins. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngokufuthi ngakumbi ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa. Ngelo xesha langoku asidi sequestering inyongo zisetyenziswa alufane. Ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa kuphela xa sikhokelo wonyango ezihlangeneyo abangabancedani.

ulwazi olunzulu

iklasi steroid kuquka monokarbainovye asidi hydroxy. Bathe asebenzayo eziqinileyo ezo musa ukuluhlakaza emanzini. Le asidi zisisiphumo processing of zesibindi cholesterol. Xa ezanyisayo, ayimiqulu athom carbon 24. Ukwakhiwa iikhompawundi yenyongo lubalaseleyo ezahlukahlukeneyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana. Ezi ntlobo tauholevuyu uhlobo emzimbeni kunye glycolic acid. Chenodeoxycholic kunye nemixube cholic lilungu udidi zaseprayimari. ukuba ayenza njani? Le nkqubo sele ngamachiza value isibindi. uxhulumaniso Primary umphumela Yindibanisela cholesterol. Okulandelayo, inkqubo conjugation kunye taurine okanye glycine. Ke ezi ntlobo asidi zityhilakalelwe ukuba enyongweni secretion. into Lithocholic kunye deoxycholic zibandakanyiwe unxulumano ezizisekondari. Bona eqalisiweyo Amathumbu amakhulu ukusuka zamabanga acid phantsi kwempembelelo iintsholongwane zasekuhlaleni. Izinga nokufunxwa iikhompawundi deoxycholic liphezulu kakhulu kunalowo lithocholic. Nezinye ii-asidi yenyongo zasesekondari kwenzeka izixa ezincinane kakhulu. Umzekelo, ezi ziquka ursodeoxycholic. Ukuba kukho cholestasis esinganyangekiyo, ezi zinto zikho amanani amakhulu. Ireshiyo ezi zinto - 3: 1. Xa cholestasis isiqulatho inyongo acid eliqingqiweyo kakhulu. Micelles ezi lokubolekwa le iimolekyuli. Bona abunjwe kuphela xa uyazikhomba ezo zinto kwi isisombululo zolwelo idlula uphawu umda. Oku kungenxa yokuba asidi inyongo izinto surfactants.

Iimpawu cholesterol

Le into ayiqondakali enyibilikayo emanzini. Umlinganiselo zoqhaphelo ze lipid kunye lecithin yoxinaniso izinyo kunye nezinga ukunyibilika asidi kuxhomekeke cholesterol inyongo. micelles Mixed kwenzeka kuphela lo gama kugcinwe lo mlinganiselo eqhelekileyo zonke ezi zinto. Bona ziqulathe cholesterol. ziikristale kwenze oko kuxhomekeke uqhushululu yale ratio. Umsebenzi we-asidi inyongo ezingaphelelanga ukuba ukususwa cholesterol emzimbeni. Baya kuba negalelo kukufakwa kwamafutha emathunjini. Micelles kwakhona bakha ngethuba lale nkqubo.

zithako Movement

Omnye yemiqathango eziphambili inyongo Ukwakheka asidi intshukumo esebenzayo. Ezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo uthutho electrolytes kunye namanzi emathunjini amancinci kunye enkulu. Bathe okuqinileyo izinto ezithile. iqondo lobushushu yokunyibilika liphezulu ngokwaneleyo. Zinelungelo incasa ekrakra. asidi yenyongo zaneleyo enyibilikayo emanzini, ukanti isisombululo kwealkali utywala - okulungileyo. Ezi zinto ke yezabelo of cholanic acid. Yonke loo acid kwenzeka kuphela xa hepatocytes cholesterol.

ukusebenza

Ukubaluleka ephambili kubo bonke khompawundi emuncu ezi iityuwa. Oku kubangelwa eziliqela iimpawu zezi mveliso. Umzekelo, ukuba polar ngaphezu neetyuwa ze asidi inyongo ezamahala, abe ubukhulu encinane xi umda we micelle ukubunjwa ziya secreted. Kwesibindi, lelona candelo kuphela ekwaziyo ukuguqula cholesterol ibe cholanic acid ethile. Oku kungenxa yokuba enzayim abandakanyeka conjugation, ziqulethwe hepatocytes. Ukutshintsha umsebenzi wabo uxhomekeke ngqo kwi ngoobani kunye uqina oscillations zesibindi asidi inyongo. Inkqubo yokuqaphela kulawulwa indlela ingxelo embi. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinga lo kuthiwa ngamazinga kunye yangoku asidi inyongo zasesekondari esibindini. UNorma ezwi yabo emzimbeni unomthamo osezantsi kakhulu - evela milligrams ezingamakhulu amabini ukuya amathathu ngosuku.

imisebenzi ephambili

asidi yenyongo abe uluhlu olubanzi kuyo. Emzimbeni womntu, bona ikakhulu ukwenza loo Yindibanisela cholesterol kwaye zichaphazela kukufakwa kwamafutha ukusuka emathunjini. Ukongeza, le khompawundi ebandakanyekileyo ekulawulweni kunye zinomgutyulo biliary of inyongo. Ezi izinto nabo babe nempembelelo enkulu inkqubo yokwetyiswa nokufunxwa lipids. amalungu zabo zihamba emathunjini amancinci. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo phantsi kwempembelelo monoglycerides kunye fatty ezamahala, ezo iidipozithi ngamanqatha phezu komhlaba. Ngaloo kwakhiwa zibhityile umboniso, nto leyo ethintela uqhagamshelwano zamathontsana ezityebileyo ezincinane voluminous ngakumbi. Oku kunika unciphiso ngamandla le akhululeke komhlaba. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni kusekwe kwezisombululo micellar. Nabo ke, ukulungiselela inyathelo lipase pancreatic. Asabela adipose ngayo lusicande ukuba glycerol, nto leyo ako ngakumbi udonga emathunjini. asidi yenyongo ezidibene ezinamanqatha na ukunyibilika emanzini kwaye sibe holeinovye. Ezi khompawundi lwanamathela lula kwaye wendele ngokukhawuleza nge phezulu villi ye emathunjini amancinci. Holeinovye acid iguqulelwa micelles. Ngaphezu koko, iye yangena iiseli, beqhekeza imifinya zabo ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ulwazi yafunyanwa kuphando zamvanje kule ndawo. Bathi ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi ezityebileyo inyongo asidi kwi iseli. Eyokuqala zisisiphumo ekupheleni ukufunxeka lipids. Elidlulileyo - ngokusebenzisa vein Portal kungena isibindi kunye negazi.