Yintoni na inkalo ethile? izinto Geographical: amagama

Yintoni na inkalo ethile? Ngaba ucinge intaba enjalo-free emi, port ulwandle okanye isixeko esikhulu? Ilizwekazi elipheleleyo? Makhe zama ukujongana nalo mba kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na le phawu ngokwezelizwe: definition nemizekelo

Geography - isayensi esifunda phezu komhlaba neento zonke ezikhona. A lot of izinto iqhele khona: imilambo kunye namachibi, iintaba kunye nolwandle, emasimini anamandla enamatye, izixeko kunye needolophana ezincinane ... Yinto ezi zinto baze bakhuphe unique, ubuso obuqinisekileyo iplanethi yethu.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na kumhlaba iqumrhu? Oku ngenene likhona kwaye umphezulu izinzile isiqalelo emhlabeni. Zonke izinto zejografi kwahluka ingqibelelo, indawo ethile kwaye imingcele yazo. Ngaloo genesis yabo (imvelaphi) kunokuba kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo.

kwendawo Science, ukufunda zonke ezi zinto, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kunyanzelekile ukuba baphendule imibuzo emibini engundoqo:

• Uphi na into?
• Njani ukufana?

I umfanekiso inkalo ngokwezelizwe ibaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye zazo wabumba ngakhanyi kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa ebhekisa yamaRoma Colosseum, okanye iiphiramidi odumileyo engumYiputa intloko yam kwaoko kukho 'umfanekiso' ahambelanayo.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezinto eendawo

Ngokusekelwe imvelaphi, zonke izinto ngokwezelizwe zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ezinkulu:

1. Natural (yolwandle, iilwandle, iintaba, amachibi, nemiqolomba, amahlathi, amatye, imithombo, njalo njalo).
2. Man-ezenziwe okanye ezenziwe (amazwe, izixeko, iilali, imizi-mveliso, yoonongendi, iipaki, amazibuko, kwizikhululo zikaloliwe, njalo njalo).

Nayiphi na inkalo geographical wenza ngononophelo kwaye ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha, kujongwa iimpawu kwayo, kwakunye ukulinganisa parameters zayo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukufumanisa iincopho ukuphakama kwawo; kuba itshile imijelo - ubude moya - abakhweli, njl

Yintoni na inkalo ethile? Uyakwazi ukunika omnye inkcazelo - obulula, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokwaneleyo. Iimpawu Geographic - yinto into inokuchazwa kwiimephu kunye nezicwangciso le ndawo. kunokwenziwa njani oku?

iimpawu Geographic emephini

izinto ezahlukeneyo kwimaphu kunye nezicwangciso iboniswa kusetyenziswa kwiimpawu ezithile. Le nkqubo yenzelwe iisimboli graphic kunye iimilo, nto leyo evumela ukunika iimpawu ubunjani kunye lwamanani ezinto ezithile okanye iziganeko.

Zonke iimpawu zokuzoba yahlulwe ntlobo ezine:

• isikali okanye areal (imisele amachibi, amahlathi, amasimi njalo njalo.);
• scaleless okanye indawo (izityalo amandla, imithombo yezimbiwa, iitempile Orthodox, njl);
• linear (imilambo, imijelo, bezingahanjwa, iindawo umda, njl);
• achazayo (Imibhalo ezahlukeneyo ngomlomo kunye wokwamanani).

Iimephu isiqabu ebonisa ukuba aya ne - imigca ezingcakacileyo omdaka ukuqhagamshela ngokwamanqaku ukuphakama olufanayo kumphezulu womhlaba. Iintolo nabalinganiswa iintshukumo ezithile zibonisa iintlobo zendalo okanye iziganeko zentlalo-qoqosho, ezifana indlela yothutho olwandle.

Amagama yezinto eendawo

into nganye bekungenjalo "gama." layo Ke kaloku, njengokuba umthetho, akukho random. Amagama eendawo idla kunye neempawu zayo, indawo okanye imbali.

Isifundo ngemvelaphi, intsingiselo kunye nophuhliso (utshintsho) amagama eendawo bekusoloko inzululwazi eyahlukileyo - amagama indawo. Le ingqeqesho yenzululwazi ekudibaneni yejografi, imbali kunye Ezolimi. Igama elilungileyo into ngokwezelizwe kubaluleke kakhulu beemaphu.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kwamagama eendawo: hydronyms (amagama imilambo namachibi), amagama zokuhlala (amagama zokuhlala), oronyms (zomhlaba igama), godonimy (amagama ezitalato), njl