Phenol Ukulungiselela: Iindlela eziphambili

Phenol i ezingenambala esiqinileyo isakhiwo crystal kunye livumba ethile kakhulu. Le into lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni imibala eyahlukeneyo, iplastiki kunye nomsonto ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa (ubukhulu becala nenayiloni). Phambi kuphuhliso lwamashisini petrochemical ekuvelisweni phenol lwaqhutywa kuphela kulo amalahle tar. Kakade ke, le ndlela iye ingakhange ikwazi ukujongana nazo zonke iimfuno shishini lihambele e phenol, leyo ngoku liye njengesakhi esibalulekileyo phantse zonke izinto ezisingqongileyo.

Phenol, ukulungiswa eye ibe yimfuneko ngenxa yokufika kwenkqubo ezininzi kakhulu ngezinto ezintsha kunye nezinto njengempembelelo kuwo isetyenziswa Yindibanisela phenol-formaldehyde nentlaka. Kwaye yena, naye, nto ibaluleke kakhulu phenolics. Kwakhona, isixa esikhulu phenol iguqulelwa kwi cyclohexanol afunekayo ukuvelisa okuzenzela esiyenziwe e isikali mveliso.

Enye indawo ebalulekileyo isicelo le phenol nokuba bodwa imveliso cresol umxube, nto leyo kuhlelwe kreozolformadelgidnuyu intlaka esetyenziselwa mveliso ezininzi kuThixo amachiza ezonyango, ebulala Antioxidants. Ngoko ke, ukufumana phenol namhlanje kukuninzi kungumsebenzi obalulekileyo petrochemicals. Sele ezenzele ezininzi iindlela ukuvelisa le nto ngokwaneleyo. Makhe sihlolisise ezona ziphambili.

Le ndlela midala esiqinisekisiweyo iyindlela ukunyibilika i kwealkali, nto leyo luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa eliphezulu sulphuric acid ngenxa sulfonation of benzene kunye abuhlungu kulandele lokufaka ingqiqo yokulwela kubo benzolsulfonatrievuyu ityuwa, ukusuka apho iziyobisi ngqo kwaye umi. Amalungiselelo phenol ngu chlorination of benzene, kulandele chlorobenzene saponification kunye sodium hayidroksayidi inzuzo kuphela xa kuthe izixa ezikhulu lwamandla cheap efunekayo ekuveliseni chlorine kunye abuhlungu. Eyona engundoqo ezingalunganga kule nqubo - imfuneko ukwenza uxinzelelo oluphezulu (hayi umoya ngaphantsi kwe kwamakhulu amathathu) kunye nezinga elingeneyo nokumelana ezi zixhobo.

A indlela mihla ngakumbi ukunika phenol ngenxa yokubola cumene hydroperoxide. Noko ke, icebo ukwabiwa umchiza ezinqwenelwayo entsonkothileyo kakhulu, ekubeni kufuna pre-imveliso kwenkqubo hydroperoxide alkylation of umxube benzene propylene. Ngaphezu koko, iteknoloji ubonelela igcwala onesiphumo umxube womoya isopropyl ukwenza hydroperoxide. Njengomba ezintle kule ndlela onokubonwa ngaxeshanye kunye ekulungiseleleni phenol enye into ebalulekileyo - acetone.

Kukho kwakhona indlela wokwahlula phenol ukusuka coking kunye carbonization intlaka izixhobo amafutha esiqinileyo. Le nkqubo iyimfuneko ukuvelisa kuphela phenol ezixabisekileyo, kodwa ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso ezahlukeneyo hydrocarbon. Enye iimpawu phenol kukho namachibi fast, nto leyo ekhokelela nokuguga okukhawulezileyo ukuyilwa yeoli amaqhezu tar-like kulo viscous.

Kodwa indlela kakhulu mihla kunye inoveli ukuphumeza kwishishini petrochemical kukuba afumane phenol ukusuka benzene yi igcwala ngqo yayo oxide. Inkqubo yonke lwenziwa reactor ekhethekileyo adiabatic, apho kuvala i zeolite. Yokuqala oxide eziveliswa igcwala of ammonia ngomoya okanye Ukuqhela adipic acid. Okunye ngqo, iimveliso zayo icala kuyilwa ngexesha yokuqaphela. Lo bugcisa bayakwazi ukufumana phenol kakhulu esulungekileyo ezinomthamo ubuncinane elipheleleyo ukungcola.