Wave Power: ukusebenza

Amanzi World Ocean ukufihla ubutyebi olukhulu, inqununu leyo, mhlawumbi, ukuba amandla obungasikelwanga mda ngamaza olwandle. Kuba okokuqala ukusetyenziswa amandla agciniweyo liqengqwa elunxwemeni emigodini ukucinga ngenkulungwane ye-18 eParis, apho lomenzi yokuqala wave lokusila yaziswa. Ngoku ubuchwepheshe, wabatsibela phambili, nesityalo yokuqala wave yezorhwebo ekwacwangciswa ngayo ngokudibeneyo zizazinzulu, eyaba ukusebenza ngo-2008.

Kutheni ongenakunceda nto?

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ubutyebi bemvelo esengozini komzimba. amalahle, i-oyile negesi - eyona mithombo iphambili eneji - eza kubugqiba. Ngokutsho kuqikellelo abanethemba wenzululwazi, oovimba kuya kuthatha iminyaka 150-300 yobomi. amandla enyukliya nayo zange bafezekise izinto endandilindele ukuba. amandla High kunye nokusebenza abuyisele iindleko zokwakha, ukusebenza, kodwa iingxaki yokulahla inkunkuma kunye umonakalo wemo engqongileyo, yaye kungekudala zanyanzeleka ukuba ziyishiye kubo. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, oosonzululwazi ukhangela ezintsha eminye imithombo yamandla. Ngoku asebenza umoya namandla elanga. Kodwa iimpawu zayo zonke, kuba ethile ebalulekileyo - ukusebenza phantsi. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno bonke abantu ayiyi kuphumelela. Ngoko ke, izisombululo ezitsha ezifunekayo.

Ukuze kubekho umbane, isityalo wave amandla isebenzisa amandla entshukumo of ngamaza. Ngokoqikelelo obona, le isakhono uthelekelelwa kwizigidi ezi-2 MW, nto leyo enokuthelekiseka nabasebenzi 1000 xa umthamo ngokupheleleyo kwezityalo zamandla enyukliya, imitha enye wave phambi imalunga 75 kW / m. Xa oku anayenza nakanjani akukho iziphumo ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo.

Iskim jikelele umsebenzi

amandla Wave kuthiwa ezidadayo izakhiwo abakwaziyo ukuguqula amandla yokugaya wave motion ibe umbane ayidlulisele kubathengi. Kulo mzekelo, zama ukusebenzisa imithombo ezimbini:

1. babelawula entshukumo. Kwathi emigodini Marine ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu ubukhulu enkulu, akwenzelwa iincakuba, ezithwala amandla ukuya wokuphehla umbane. Oku kusebenza umgaqo womoya - amanzi angena kwisisele ekhethekileyo, lenkosikazi ioksijini ngoko, nto leyo ezihambe ngayo inkqubo itshaneli kunye yokubolekisana ngamaphiko turbine.
2. Onenombolo amandla. Kulo mzekelo, isityalo amandla yomtshangatshangiso uba esijingayo. Ukuhambisa kwisithuba kunye profile yomtshangatshangiso, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo kwemigangatho kubangela ukuba injini ku gqiba nge.

amazwe ahlukeneyo esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe babo ukuguqula isindululo ngomatshini kwamaza zibe umbane, kodwa scheme jikelele nyathelo efanayo.

Le lobubi namandla amaza

Xihinga engundoqo ukusetyenziswa kwezi izityalo wave lwamandla iindleko zabo. Ngenxa yokuba yokumiswa ezimbaxa kunye nofakelo enzima phezu kwamanzi Iindleko zokumiselwa kwamanzi olwandle kofakelo loo msebenzi ingaphezulu ulwakhiwo izityalo amandla enyukliya okanye izityalo wamandla oshushu.

Ukongeza, kukho inani kwezinye ethile, ezo ikakhulu ezinxulumene ne ukuvela iingxaki zentlalo noqoqosho. Eyona nto kukuba izikhululo ezidadayo enkulu engozini kwaye iphazamise navigation nokuloba - Ahambayo amandla wave basenokuvumela bathabath 'abantu kummandla lokuloba. iziphumo kokusingqongileyo kunokwenzeka. Ukusebenzisa izityalo dampens kakhulu emigodini zaselwandle, eyenza ezincinane kwaye akafuni ukuya elunxwemeni. amaza Okwa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo berhasi exchange wolwandle, hlambululani kumphezulu wayo. Konke oku kukhokelela kukutshintshwa kokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo.

izinto ezintle kwamandla wave

Kunye ngamandla abakhubazekileyo buye kwiqela lokulungileyo leyo ibe nefuthe elihle imisebenzi yabantu:

• ufakelo, ngenxa yokuba amandla yomtshangatshangiso ukuba licinywe, uyakwazi ukukhusela izibonelelo yonxweme (marinas, amazibuko) ukutshatyalaliswa ngamandla olwandle;
• Isizukulwana umbane eza ngeendleko phezulu;
• uchulumanco eliphezulu amandla yenza windfarm eyongayo ngaphezu umoya okanye amandla elanga.

babelawula Energy babe umhlaba kunye namanzi, ikakhulu umlambo. Ukwakhiwa kwizikhululo kwi iibhulorho, zokuwela, mkhumbi imbono imbono ummandla isizukulwana umbane.

Iingxaki ekufuneka zisonjululwe

Umceli-mngeni engundoqo elijongene nawo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi ngoku - kukuphucula ubume, nto leyo eya kunciphisa iindleko zombane, apho iveliswa namandla amaza. Umgaqo msebenzi kufuneka kuhlala injalo, kodwa wayedla Ukuseka iiyunithi kuya kuba ubugcisa ezintsha izinto.

I-avareji amandla wave ka 75-85 kW / m - oko kuluhlu ezininzi kwizikhululo ngentando yakho. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha amandla uqhwithela imigodi zaselwandle kwandisa izihlandlo eziliqela kwaye kudala ingozi wentshabalalo izityalo. Kuyinto akukho namnye yakudubula nakhandiweyo okanye bent emva uqhwithela. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, izazinzulu iindlela enziweyo ukunciphisa amandla ngqo amaza. Enye ingxaki yile yokuba ukusetyenziswa omkhulu izikhululo lokutshangatshangisa kuya kukhokelela kutshintsho lwemozulu. Isizukulwana eneji yombane ikhutshwa phandle ukujikeleza koMhlaba (oluthi luqokelelane njenge ngumtshangatshangiso). Ukusetyenziswa kwezi izityalo kwenza umhlaba ejikelezayo kancinci. Umntu uvakalelwa umahluko, kodwa uya kutshabalalisa eziliqela ezenzeka ukuba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokutshintshiselana ekufudumaleni Umhlaba.

windfarm ehlabathini pilot yokuqala

Isikhululo wave amandla yokuqala ukuvela ngo-1985 eNorway. amandla ayo 500 kW, waye yena prototype. Umgaqo yayo yokusebenza isekelwe phezu ucinezelo elibujikele kunye nokwandiswa eliphakathi:

• itankana kunye ngezantsi evulekileyo emanzini ukuze emphethweni walo asezantsi wave nomkhombe - Indawo yayo lowermost;
• rhoqo impinging amanzi Oluma umoya em- lwangaphakathi;
• akuba a xi ethile ivula ivelufa evumela ukuhamba ioksijini zixinaniswe ukuya samanzi.

Esi sityalo anikezelweyo 500 kilowatts amandla oko ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza iinkqubo, leyo negalelo kuphuhliso lwabo.

amandla yezityalo yehlabathi yokuqala mveliso

isityalo lokuqala yorhwebo-ukalisha hlabathi ithathwa Oceanlinx emanzini Port Kembla, Australia. Yena lo msebenzi ngo-2005, kodwa emva koko wathunyelwa ngokutsha kwakhona efunyenwe ngo-2009, nto leyo yoko le nto kummandla kungokunje zisetyenziselwa noTidali azitshangatshangise namandla. Umgaqo Its of operation ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Amaza athile ukubaleka ezingontsini ezizodwa, kwanyanzeleka ukuba umoya.
2. Emva kokuba afike uxinzelelo ebalulekileyo zezulu zixinaniswe nge uthungelwano lamajelo yokubolekisana wokuphehla umbane.
3. Ukuba zifake iintshukumo ze azitshangatshangise iincakuba imikhosi turbine ukutshintsha engile kwabo tyekelo.

amandla Lokulinganisa malunga 450 kW, nangona icandelo ngalinye uyakwazi akhuphe kwisikhululo ukususela 100 kWh ukuya 1.5 MWh amandla ombane.

windfarm yorhwebo lokuqala kwihlabathi

Le yezorhwebo wave yokuqala efunyenwe ngo-2008 e-Aguçadoura, Portugal. Ngaphezu koko, oko isityalo yokuqala yehlabathi esisebenzisa amaza amandla ngqo. Le projekthi yayivelisa inkampani British Pelamis Wave Power.

Ubume Ukwakhiwa iqulathe amacandelo eziliqela ayaphuma kwaye bavuke umfanekiso wave. Icandelo pivotally elihambisana inkqubo kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye ngexesha iintshukumo zalo kunokukhokelela kwisenzo. Indlela ngamanzi ebangela ukuba plane ukuzitshintsha wenkunkuma, yaye ngaloo ndlela yenza umbane. Used in Portugal ngumtshangatshangiso ngobuhle amandla bawo na. Inzuzo ukufaka umthamo omkhulu - malunga 2.25 MW, kodwa kwakhona ithuba lokufaka amacandelo ezongezelelweyo. Enye Ububi ufakelo - Ubunzima ophakamayo nokhutshelo lombane yombane yi ngocingo kubathengi.

kwisikhululo wave amandla yokuqala eRashiya

Ngo-Russia, i-WEC yokuqala ukuvela ngo-2014 kwi-Territory Primorsky. Lokubandakanyeka nekomiti yophuhliso izazinzulu evela phambene Federal University kunye wePasifiki Oceanology Institute, uFEB RAS. Le yunithi ine umlinganiswa zovavanyo. peculiarity yayo kukuba isebenzisa amandla hayi nje ngamaza, kodwa mo / igagasi eliphantsi.

E Moscow, oko izicwangciso ukwakha yolaborathri yophando nzulu, nto leyo eya kwenza ngophuhliso kunye nokudalwa isikhululo yokuqala esijingayo zasekhaya. Mhlawumbi emva koko amandla wave uya kuba ikwazi ukusetyenziswa mveliso okanye zorhwebo eRashiya.