Lokuvelisa kunye nemveliso yeenkqubo: inkcazelo, imithetho kunye lwazo

Iinkqubo zemveliso nezakhiwo aqukiweyo izixhobo kunye nabantu abasebenza kunye. Senza imisebenzi yabo kwemiqathango ethile isithuba, okusingqongileyo ukusebenza ngokungqinelana imisebenzi. Iindlela zokuvelisa kunye zemveliso iqulathe izinto ezithile.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Iinkqubo zemveliso bayakwazi ngokwazo okanye edibene namanye ukuhlangabezana le okanye eminye imibuzo, kwaye neemfuno ezinokuba abathengi ngokusebenzisa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo neemveliso. Ukuvela kwezakhiwo ibangelwa imbonakalo okanye ukubunjwa ebango emarikeni. Kufuneka zilungiswe ukuze zihambelane kwimfuno yabathengi ixesha elide. Ngaloo ndlela, injongo inkqubo yemveliso iqulathe kwi yokwenziwa nokuthengiswa kwemveliso wawufuna emarikeni.

isigaba

Inkqubo ye neenkqubo zemveliso yi ukulandelelana imisebenzi enxulumene ne kwinguqu izinto kunye izinto kwempahla kunye neenkonzo. Kwesi sakhiwo kukho utshintsho mali esetyenziswa emsebenzini. Ziya manqanaba alandelayo:

1. Imishini. Njengenxalenye umsebenzi wayo bhukwana ngokuyinxenye indawo kumatshini.
2. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo. It is a ukudluliselwa ngokupheleleyo izixhobo imisebenzi mechanical. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo kunciphisa ukubandakanyeka kwabantu emsebenzini.
3. Standardization. Zikholelwa ukuba ukufana iindawo, imisebenzi, iimveliso, ngenxa apho amacandelo imveliso kunye abantu interchangeable.
4. Computerization. It ikuvumela ukuba ukudala amathuba shintsho bhetyebhetye izixhobo eyimveliso uluhlu olwahlukeneyo iimveliso.

Types of indlela zemveliso

Bona kumiselwa ngokungqinelana amanqanaba lokusekwa kushishino mihla. Kuxhomekeka iindlela iindleko-ukusika, umbutho, inqanaba uzobe olwenziwe ntlobo zilandelayo:

1. Soft pre-lwezenzululwazi (zomkhosi anarchic).
2. inzululwazi Soft, kusekelwe kwiteknoloji guquka (toyotizm).
3. isayensi (Fordism).

Cinga ngezi ntlobo iinkqubo imveliso iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

isakhiwo Military anarchic

Loo inkqubo lomsebenzi mveliso na ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. indawo Key - ngokuthinjwa neemarike ezintsha intengiso impahla yabo enganeno.
2. Manufactory neemveliso mveliso ezenziwe. Oku kusekelwe oomatshini, ukutshintshwa kwemisebenzi eziphambili izixhobo, inika emxinwa, abasebenzi ezobuchwepheshe elula.
3. Izibonisi kunye polushablonnaya umsebenzi obungabangeli mdla.
4. isingqi Ukunyanzelwa umsebenzi, anikwe umatshini.
5. ukusetyenziswa olubanzi kweziveliso eziphathekayo kunye namandla oluntu ukulungiselela ukuncitshiswa yabo ngexabiso.
6. operation Simple.

inkqubo yolawulo lwemveliso kule meko ke indlela ungquzulwano. Eneneni, ngenxa yoko, wabiza emkhosini-anarchist. Phakathi sikhokelo kobudlelwane yemveliso kakhulu ezingazinzanga.

Fordism

Ngunozala kwale nkqubo yemveliso yaba G. Ford. Waba ingcamango ukuba izibonelelo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

1. High ahlawule abasebenzi womsebenzi.
2. Ukulawulwa inani leeyure. Umqeshwa kufuneka basebenze iiyure 48 ngeveki, kodwa akukho ngaphezulu.
3. Ukuqinisekisa oomatshini kangangoko kunokwenzeka karhulumente, ubunyulu yabo epheleleyo.
4. Ukulima nokuhlonipha abantu ngokwabo kwaye omnye komnye.

Ngokuhambelana kunye nale migaqo yazisiwe imini iiyure-8 uze usete umvuzo kabini kangangoko njengoko kucingiwe nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo. Ford kwakhona wadala isikolo zokufunda, wavula ilebhu lwezenhlalo, leyo kwenziwa isifundo kweemeko zomsebenzi, lokuphola kunye nabasebenzi zasekhaya. Ngelo xesha wathabatha kakuhle abathengi ezinokwenzeka. Ngokukodwa, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ukuveliswa kwemveliso umgangatho, uphuhliso lothungelwano inkonzo, iimoto Iphuculwa, unqabile ixabiso lemali. Njengokuba imfuneko engqongqo wakhuthaza ukusungulwa koomatshini ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima, ezintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ngokungqongqo ukulawula ucoceko, ucoceko, ithathele ingqalelo iimpawu komzimba zabasebenzi lonikezelo kwabo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile (efuna umbono ubugcisa okanye monotone). Ford ngomnye wabo owadala ifilosofi practice. Ngokwemfanelo yalo ndoda kunye nabanye wakhuthaza neyawo, sikuko akajiki kule siseko engundoqo ezibethelela umbutho kweenkqubo zemveliso. Okwangoku ke, andilahlekwanga ukufaneleka kwayo, kodwa Kunoko, yiba ngaphezu kwemfuneko.

iimpawu eziphambili

Eyona njongo Fordism ekwehliseni iindleko zemveliso. Phakathi iimpawu eziphambili kwezi zitraksha zilandelayo ukuze kuchazwe:

1. production yombhobho.
2. Ukufumaneka Park ezikhethekileyo oomatshini.
3. Bafaniswe yabasebenzi elula.
4. isingqi Ukunyanzelwa, swa ethile.
5. kwabasebenzi abanezakhono.
6. Uthotho (mass) kwimveliso.
7. iindleko ezincinci zokukhulisa imali yokwakha umbhobho omtsha.
8. A Sokuyekwa abasebenzi enkulu.

ulawulo

Oku kuquka:

1. ucwangciso Production. Kuye kwenziwa ngohlobo alinganise, izibonelelo zemali kunye nezibonelelo eziphathekayo.
2. Umzila. It is a uphuhliso ulandelelwano kunye umendo kwempahla ngokusebenzisa izixhobo.
3. Wathumela. Inika zihanjiswe route-vane kunye nemisebenzi yemveliso beeyunithi lweshishini.
4. Ukuhlela. Yeyona ukuyilwa imizobo kunye nolungelelwaniso amanqanaba ahlukeneyo yokujongwa mveliso iindlela (in uthotho okanye ngaxeshanye).
5. ulawulo Quality.
6. Ukuphuculwa kweendlela zemveliso kunye nokwabiwa kwemisebenzi phakathi kwabasebenzi.

Toyotizm

Iinkqubo zemveliso kuxoxwe ngasentla alithathwanga azakubalulwa bungqingqwa kunye nokukwazi ukumelana neemeko nokutshintsha. Toyotizm - impendulo imfuno ziingcali kakhulu, ekukhuleni ukuhamba shishino. Kusebenza imveliso mihla kunye nenkqubo yezoqoqosho. Umgaqo oluphambili ukufumana indibaniselwano ngokupheleleyo imilinganiselo yabantu, uqeqesho, lithathelwe rhoqo kwiimeko ezihlala ziguquka. Kulindeleke ukuba umdla wabasebenzi abaneziqinisekiso kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa polushablonnogo nomsebenzi oyilwayo. Kwesi sikhokelo, uyilo kunye iimveliso neenkqubo bhetyebhetye. Zonke izenzo uqinile iseti kwiinkampani ezizodwa kakhulu, liphuhlise uthungelwano bamasebe.

Uphuhliso lweenkqubo zemveliso Uhlobo abongi Japan

Baqala ke ukuba kuqaliswa kakhulu kutshanje, kwinkulungwane yama-20. Luphuhliso oluphumeleleyo lweenkqubo yemveliso lohlobo sibonile eJapan. Xa amashishini baqalisa ukusebenza umfuziselo ngekhompyutha. Luphinde ulwazi kuzo zonke iiyunithi zolwakhiwo kwaye liqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kushishino. Production kunye nenkqubo lobugcisa olu hlobo ibandakanya ulawulo ngqo ikhosi kwemveliso kunye nolawulo lwempahla. Ukuqhubeka ibonelelwa ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo "kanye ngexesha" endaweni eyiyo kunye nobungakanani efunekayo. Le modeli ngokuba "kanban". isebe lwamashishini olucwangcisiweyo liphuhlisa ishedyuli ngeveki okanye ngenyanga ukuze imveliso iimveliso ezintsha. Ngoko ayenzi isebenze njenge dweliso imveliso yayo kwisityalo ngasinye. ishedyuli zokusebenza liphuhlise yonke imihla, umsebenzi elungelelanisiweyo kuphela swa ephambili. Ezinye iindibano zidluliselwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo "kanban". Le ndlela Japanese yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi ngenxa ubulunga bayo. ithandwa kangaka inikezelwa yi kolawulo olungqongqo kule nkampani. Nawuphi na umqeshwa kuzo zonke iinkampani uziva uxanduva ngamnye imveliso eyenziweyo. Izangqa abakhethekileyo uyinkampani entsha yokulawula ubulunga. amalungu babo ngokuqhubekayo wokuphucula izakhono zabo nolwazi.

izimiso

iinkqubo eziphambili imveliso ehlabathini namhlanje zisekelwe:

1. ucwangciso Resource. Ngokuhambelana kunye neeprojekthi umsebenzi jikelele ezenza iimeko yangaphambili, ezezimali, uphuhliso ubunjineli, ishedyuli engqesho.
2. ulawulo Quality.
3. Human Resource Management. Oku kuquka isifundo lweempawu ngamnye umntu ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kunye nokhuseleko. Kumashishini laqalisa iishedyuli bhetyebhetye, nokwandisa iindidi kwemisebenzi zabasebenzi. Kwabasebenzi bazibandakanye entlanganweni kwimveliso. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa iqela kunye iingcali nokuzeyisa lwangaphakathi.

Iimpawu ze mboni Russian

Okwangoku, imisebenzi imodeli ibhizinisi, ezifikelela kuzo zonke izigaba lweshishini. Ezi meko ke azibandakanyi nje kuphela imveliso ngqo, kodwa ke unikezelo izinto ekrwada ukuba imveliso yawo, kunye nentengiso lwemveliso ugqibile. Kwi indlela ukulungiselela ngempumelelo le nkqubo ixhomekeke kumgangatho kwempahla, umgangatho iindleko, okukhuphisana yenkampani. Njengoko izinto eziphambili lungumqobo endleni uphuhliso lweenkqubo zemveliso kwi-Russian Federation, kukho ukunqongophala abaphathi abaqeqeshiweyo kunye nokunqongophala kolwazi malunga nobungozi kunye amathemba ngokwala maxesha.

ulawulo Okukodwa

inkqubo yolawulo lwemveliso kungummiselo abazi lweshishini yonke. Le projekthi lokuqala ukuba kuphuhliswa imodeli kangangoko nokusebenza nkampani. Ulawulo lubandakanya ukwenza izigqibo malunga nendawo kwamaziko, intshayelelo imithetho kunye nemigangatho. ukusebenza nkqubo kufuneka rhoqo esweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kusungulwe odolo iindlela ukupasiswa, uchazwa imiqathango adele. Enye into ebalulekileyo yokugcina izinto, amacandelo, izahlulo kunye nemveliso ngaphakathi kwishishini. esweni ezinjalo kufuneka waqinisekisa kuzo zonke izigaba kwenkampani. Ukuze kuphunyezwe ukhuphiswano lweshishini kufuneka avelise imveliso ifuna kwi emarikeni. Kulo mzekelo, oku kufuneka iimpawu zalo ezenza kube ezahlukeneyo kuba ngcono ukusuka iimveliso zezinye iinkampani. Kulo mba, iqela leengcali kukuba ukuphuhlisa uyilo imveliso eza kuvelisa inkampani, okanye ukusebenzisa izinto zabo ethembisayo ezikhoyo.