Isixhobo isitya. lungiselelo ngokubanzi iimpahla kunye nezinto zabo ezisisiseko

Imikhumbi isixhobo - oku kungumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ejongene nabasebenzi Navy. Kufuneka aqinisekise ngokupheleleyo impahla ezithwala nokuphuma kwemali. Zonke iingxaki ihoywe ngokusebenzayo kuphela ngokuphucula umgangatho kwizithuthi. Unako ukuphucula imikhumbi emidala okanye ukwakha umfuziselo mihla.

Zintoni iinqanawa?

Namhlanje luzisa uluhlu olubanzi imikhombe, kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba babedalelwe ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nemiqathango ukuxhaphaza ngakumbi. Yiyo loo nto iingcali ezijongene imisebenzi ezifana uyilo inqanawa ezikhethiweyo, umbutho yokwakha kunye nokuhlaziywa, intshayelelo kwemigangatho ezintsha, ukucwangcisa ixesha-Umgama yezothutho, kwakunye nokwenziwa ukubala lokuthelekisa kwezoqoqosho. Imifuziselo zamob kungenziwa zihlelwa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Xa uhlobo kwezithuthi kunye self-ngokwaso kuma lothuli.
• A indlela motion - Izitya babhabha phezu kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa i ababetheki kakhulu emoyeni, kodwa phezu kwamanzi. Kukho izixhobo lula ukuhamba phantsi kwamanzi - oku ii nkwili.
• umzimba State. Phakathi uluhlu enkulu iquka imifuziselo ukuba umzimba engqongqo, bhetyebhetye kunye sawa.
• Eyona izinto komzimba. Ngexesha yezandla zinokusetyenziswa intsimbi, aluminiyamu zesinyithi ukukhanya, iiplastiki, iinkuni, izakhiwo eziphathekayo, okanye izixhobo edityanisiweyo bhetyebhetye.
• indawo Ukuhamba. Ukwahlula phakathi iinqanawa kunye navigation unxweme.
• Rhode main nezingenayo. imifuziselo inqanawa ziquka sixhobo kuba inceda ndiwuxinzelele motion. Sinako ukwahlula umkhumbi ene-piston okanye umphunga ufakelo turbine. On iinqanawa enyusiweyo injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi.

Court civil

Iinqanawa ukuba ube njongo yamakhaya, zanikezelwa ngokwendlela iinqanawa zothutho okanye ukuloba. Zadalelwa nkulu ukugcinwa seluxolweni phakathi kweentlanga. Ezi mpahla ulwandle zinika urhwebo lwangaphandle, ushishino kunye nobudlelwane zenkcubeko, ukunceda ukuvelisa iimveliso yolwandle, kwakunye ukuze lizisebenzise kuyo. Bona yafakelwa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwezothutho impahla eyenziweyo okanye ukutya. iinqanawa ezithwala zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezahlukeneyo ezixhomekeke kwiindawo zabo phambili:

1. Izithuthi okanye umthengisi nqanawa. Bayakwazi ukuthwala abakhweli okanye imali encinane izinto olungxamisekileyo - le imeyili, iipasela, imithwalo kunye nangaphezulu. iimpahla navigation yomgama zokuhamba linokuyiqhuba iinqwelo rhoqo phakathi namazibuko ezininzi. Bebizwa nazo ethwala. Umkhumbi ethwala impahla kwimigca ekungaqinisekwanga ngayo iflowuthi kuyo naliphi icala.
2. isitya Fishing. Esebenzisa ilungiselelo onjalo ukuvelisa imveliso yaselwandle, oko kukuthi ukubamba iintlanzi, izilwanyana zaselwandle, ulele. isitya Fishing ivumela abantu ukuba bazihlaziye izinto ukusuka kutya elwandle kwiimveliso semi-ogqityiweyo okanye ezinye iimveliso zigqityiwe. Kwakhona ohambisa ukuba lencopho okanye elunxwemeni kwisiseko.
3. kwenqanawe yophando. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba umsebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nophando elwandle evulekileyo okanye olwandle. Ezi ziquka lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ngokukhethekileyo yaxhobisa naphaya okanye neenqanawa kumphezulu.
4. umkhumbi Training. Kungenxa kubasebenzi enze uqeqesho shipboard. Amaxesha amaninzi asetyenziswa ngabantu ababhalise kwizikolo zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa. Ezi mpahla ulwandle exhotyiswe mfuneko iilebhu, amagumbi, kunye neeklasi, apho unako ukwenza imiba yophuhliso practical.

Yintoni fomu kufuneka inkundla

uhlobo ngalunye komphanda ngokumila ohambelana le yezindlu, leyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezi ziquka njongo iphambili yale nqanawa, iimeko eziza kusetyenziselwa yona yayo, isantya, umgangatho, kunye nezinye iparameters ezininzi. igobhogobho inqanawa yeyona liqumrhu evuthelweyo, nto leyo eye imiphezulu egosogoso. Zinceda ukwenza iimeko, nto leyo eya kunciphisa luvukelo amanzi kunye nentshukumo nomoya ngexesha lokwakha.

Inxalenye umphambili wenqanawa kuthiwa isaphetha kwakhiwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo imithetho emisiweyo umzobo yokwakha yenqanawa. Ukuze inqanawa ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise phezu kwamanzi erhabaxa, musa ukuya amaza wonke umzimba amacala kufuneka lwandiswe kancinane ukuphakama. Iingcali anikela ingqalelo kakhulu izikrufu nedawo kunye ivili lokuqhuba, kufuneka unike iimeko ezingcono zokusebenza kunokwenzeka.

Umgaqo ezisisiseko ekudaleni umzobo theoretical

Phambi kokuqala kokwakhiwa umyili umzobo theoretical kufuneka yexa kuhlangana imigca emzimbeni. Kufuneka usebenzise abangabancedani, ngaxeshanye, diametrical kunye moya ephambili. umgca icandelo kufuneka ibe umzimba isakhelo, nto leyo eza kunika uluvo ecacileyo ubuninzi kunye nokumila ngesakhiwo. Kukhokelela kwisiphumo sokugqibela wokuprojektha luquka icala, ububanzi umzimba omkhulu.

Eli ezayo kwecandelo kwezindlu na uhlobo imigca ethe ngqo, uza kumnika Igridi umzobo theoretical component. Xa umntu wakha kule gridi, kwamanzi kuyilo kufuneka yahlulwe amabini alinganayo. Bona ukuthini i isithuba em, kunye uncedo candelo iya kwenziwa izakhelo theoretical component. Inqanawa isixhobo kunokuba nzima, ngoko kuyilo kufuneka basebenze kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Ababaliweyo lwenziwa ngokushukumisa imigca ukusuka mpumlo umva. Xa script na umzobo ukulungele kuphela, kufuneka asuse yonke uququzelelo kweziphumo iingongoma yonqumlo ezigoso kunye iigridi. Baluncedo ukuguqulela isikali umzobo ezinemilinganiselo yokwenene. Yonke idatha kufuneka ibhalwe kwimagazini elizinikeleyo eliza kuquka lofting itheyibhile kwemisebenzi. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuba zisetyenziswa shipyards, kwakunye zocweyo ezizodwa. Apha iingcali ngesondo ngendlela lebhodi umzobo, ngokuba Plaza. It imelwe ubungakanani ngokupheleleyo bahlulwe umzobo theoretical component. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa emkhombeni isango ukususa zonke iipateni kunye nobukhulu ukwenza iinkcukacha igobhogobho.

Ziziphi izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zixhotyiswe iinqanawa zokuloba?

Court asetyenziswa kwimizi asetyenziswa ukubamba intlanzi, seals, iminenga, walruses kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezininzi eziphilayo zolwandle. Inqanawa yokuloba kuthatha isithathu kwizithuthi umthengisi ehlabathini. Ungakhetha ezi ntlobo zilandelayo iinqanawa zokuloba baxhotyiswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo:

• Seiner - uyilo apho ukwazi ukwenza kuloba kunye iminatha. Ubamba eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa notolo imithwalo.
• Trawler. It is a isitya ekhethekileyo kuyilo wayo, nto leyo inceda ukwenza kuloba kunye trawl - uthungelwano ezinikwe ngokohlobo ibhegi enkulu.
• Drifter. Namhlanje, inqanawa uyawuthanda imfuno enkulu, kuba likuvumela ukuba balobe kwi begcina. Ifakwe ngomnatha flat.
• Incopho yokunkonkxa fish noseko. emininzi eyayingeniswe kuphuma elwandle evulekileyo kwaye wenza ngqo imveliso yentlanzi ibe ukutya eyakhiwe. Kukho izixhobo trawls enemingxuma, ukusetyenzwa zihlale efrijini.
• Sperm. Zisetyenziswa ukuba ubuninzi whaling ukusebenza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, baya kuphuma elwandle ngobuninzi kunye zisa izithuthi. Le nqanawa ke Imitshini, bebenabahlobo abaninzi yaye enokuthenjwa ukumelana bubunzima obuninzi.
• Scow. uyilo thaca ukuba lokuloba usebenzisa iminatha. Bona baya kungena Black kwaye ngaphandle kuLwandle lweCaspian kunye nomsebenzi diesel kulo.

iimpawu wempi

Namhlanje, uyakwazi ukufumana iinqanawa ezahlukeneyo kunye nempahla. Kodwa kuwo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yoyilo amelwe uthumo emkhosini, ziphantsi omkhosi ye Russian Federation. Anomoya itsalelwa ngaphandle imiqondiso ezahlula ezi ukusuka kwinkundla yoluntu. kufuneka ibe phakathi umyalelo kwigosa abasebenzi, lowo wenkonzo karhulumente Russian. Ifani kunye negama legosa kufuneka abe khona kuluhlu emkhosini.

isitya Military kuquka izixhobo Army kunye isinxibo. Iimpahla izixhobo thaca luphawulwa ubukho izixhobo zomkhosi. Kuya kusetyenziswa xa kuhlaselwa kwindawo ekhuselweyo.

Iimpahla zothutho isixhobo

izithuthi Sea kucingwa ukuba inzuzo kakhulu kwaye ethandwa. Kuya kunceda ukudlulisela yisa unxibelelwano enjalo. inqanawa Transport has a ezikhethiweyo eziphambili - oko lokuthumela izixa eninzi yamaxhoba. Ezi ziquka izitalato ezikhulu, ezimbaxa kunye owomileyo bulk umthwalo. Xa kuziwa iimveliso zokutya, ngexesha izithuthi kufuneka kube kwiqondo elithile kunye nongcangcazelo abangekhoyo.

Ungakhetha iimpahla zixhaphakileyo leyo baxhotyiswa izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo:

• iziphathi Bulk ziyakwazi ukuthwala uluhlu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuze enze ukuthuthwa lwenyama kunye neemveliso zentlanzi, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, ezi iinqanawa baxhotyisiwe Ukongezelela kunye iyunithi ifriji.
• Ethwala esenzelwe ukuthwala imithwalo, nto leyo iba urhulumente elulwelo okanye sukube. Amashishini kunye mveliso bekwi ekuthutheni iimveliso zepetroliyam, imveliso yemichiza, izichumisi, kwakunye kwerhasi yendalo. Kukho gumbi yokuthutha iimpahla ezinobungozi.
• Containerships. Ukuba ziyakwazi ukuthwala isingxobo njengoko izikhongozeli. Ezi kwizikhephe uuba lixhotyisiwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo yokukhangela eziyimfuneko. Kuya kunceda ndawo, aze aqhoboshele esweni impahla engathethekiyo ngexesha yokuhamba yayo. umkhumbi isixhobo unalo ngemiqadi ezifunekayo ezongezelelweyo kunye imigangatho ukuze nokuthembeka.
• Bulkers kumncedisa impahla isambuku ezifana okuziinkozo, esikrwada, kunye namalahle.
• Ro-ro yi iimpahla ezikhethekileyo-njongo. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi tyaba okanye oxutyiweyo-imo kulayishwa iimpahla.
• Neziye athwale ukugudla zothutho buciko. Umahluko eziphambili - zokuhamba abakhweli, izithuthi kunye iinqwelo ukwenzela bakwaloliwe.

yobugcisa Small: isixhobo

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa iinqanawa yoyilo sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Housing - yinto ebalulekileyo nayiphi na inqanawa mihla, oko kuquka usike kunye ezivuzayo. Kuyinto la macandelo uyakwazi ukunikeza le nqanawa kwifomu efunekayo yaye zibonelela ngezalathi ezifana amandla, ukumelana amanzi kunye ukuqina wenqanawa. Kuyinto le misebenzi ukuchaza isikhephe encinane isixhobo.

Iseti i defined isakhiwo umthwalo-ngokuzala, equka iikhompawundi ze imiqadi longitudinal kunye ezinqamlezayo okanye namaqhina. Xa udityanisiwe kwi omnye komnye, oko kuvela kwisakhelo ogqityiweyo. Lusetyenziswa wesiphaluka yamagunya ilungiselelwe amaphepha zibheke, phezu kwayo. Esi sikhokelo ichaza uzinzo ngakumbi nokoma wenqanawa.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi umzimba elimisiweyo. yokuhlelwa kwazo kuxhomekeke ulwalathiso umqadi engundoqo:

• Cross.
• Longitudinal.
• cross Longitudinal.

Yintoni ukubeka indlela ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha ngephenyane elincinane?

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa impahla encinane kusetyenziswa imiqadi kuphela ezinqamlezayo ukucwangcisa indlela. Iingcali usebenzisa izakhelo, i flora ongezantsi, kwakunye imiqadi phantsi kumgangatho. Imali esetyenzisiweyo ye imiqadi longitudinal kwi iseti inkqubo ezinqamlezayo lincinane. Zisetyenziswa kwinwele-link. Inani elipheleleyo imiqadi asidluli amaqhosha ezintlanu, kwaye oku kubandakanya keels nkqo kunye stringer.

Cwangcisa i ezantsi enqanaweni iquka ezidibanayo amakhonkco longitudinal and enqamlezileyo. Xa iziphelo enqanaweni kufuneka ibe zikhangeleke, leyo inxibelelene shtevnyami. Ukuze izihlandlo eziliqela ukunciphisa isikali wenqanawa ngexesha onenombolo, kuyimfuneko ukuba mabaqhoboshele isiqu ecaleni. It unokuba iintlobo loyilo bakhonza uxhulumaniso longitudinal. Kwiimeko ezininzi, loo nto ayithethi kuyiwela imilinganiso yalo ububanzi yezindlu oluqhelekileyo.

gear ingalawuleki

Ngaphandle ukulawula ayisekho njani na isithuthi olwandle. iinqanawa uvale ifowuni yingqokelela iindlela ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa nqanawa. Loo izixhobo luquka steering kwicandelo umatshini, ujije okanye actuators hydraulic. Namhlanje, kukho zoyilo zezona engundoqo drive ingalawuleki manual.

Icebo le nqanawa kunye eququzelelayo ingakumbi, kufuneka anelise ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• I angle eliphezulu ngokuvunywe ngenxa yokujika - hayi ngaphezu kweqondo lama-35. Yezithuthi komlambo fleet Ixabiso enokuba degrees 45.
• Ubude iphini nqanawa ayikwazi ukuba imizuzwana ngaphezu kwama-28.
• Tie kumatshini ngamnye kufuneka aqinisekise ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza ekhuselekileyo kwaye zichanekile weyunithi esungulayo ngexesha ewa inqanawa leyo.