Indlela yesenzo enqanda

Enzyme (enzyme) - ubunzima molekyuli eliphezulu oganikhi khompawundi iiprotini endalo, nto leyo asebenza kwi ephilayo indima yokuba ehlanganisa eziphilayo.

Indlela yesenzo enqanda

Elucidation le ndlela engunobangela intshukumo ekujonganeni enqanda, yenye yeengxaki angundoqo kunye neengxaki yangoku enzymology nje kuphela, kodwa ngamachiza mihla ezinto eziphilayo.

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba abe enzyme ezikhoyo olunyulu kwaye cacisa uhlobo kwabo, baye bakholelwa ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba inkqubo enzymatic umntu nokuhlangana enzyme ukuya zeendawana. Iinzame ukufumana yikhompawundi entsonkothileyo ye enzyme kunye zeendawana ixesha elide akazange ayingenelo, njengoko le imbaxa labile, ibola ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa indlela spectroscopy wenze kube lula ukubona kwizakhiwo enzyme-zeendawana ukuya catalase, peroxidase, dehydrogenase utywala, enzyme flavinzavisimyh.

Indlela Uhlalutyo X-ray eye wavumela ukuba ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi olubalulekileyo isakhiwo kunye neendlela zokuphosa yesenzo enqanda. Le ndlela yasetyenziswa ukuseka analogue uqhagamshelwano zeendawana iienzyme lysozyme kunye chymotrypsin.

Abanye ubungqina ngqo ngobukho izakhiwo enzyme-zeendawana wakwazi ukuya apho omnye yamanqanaba komjikelo ekujonganeni le enzyme lubotshelelwe zeendawana ngokuzikhanyeza covalent. Umzekelo indlela haydrolisis of acetate n-nitrophenyl catalyzed yi chymotrypsin. Xa ugalelwe kunye kaEtere enzyme chymotrypsin into acetylated kwi iqela hydroxyl i eseleyo serine lovukelo. Eli nqanaba ke okukhawulezayo, kodwa atsetilhimotripsina haydrolisis lokusekwa chymotrypsin acetate kwaye free elicothayo kakhulu. Ngoko atsetilhimotripsin oqokelela, nto leyo ngokulula labonwa phambi n-nitrophenylacetate.

Ubukho le zeendawana enzyme ekwakhiweni angakwazi "ukubamba" ngokuthutha EU kwisakhiwo ezingazinzanga ngohlobo opholileyo, umzekelo, unyango kunye enzyme-zeendawana complex sodium borohydride ukuba isiphumo nokunciphisa ngamandla. Loo ezintsokothileyo uhlobo ezinzile covalent ithe kubonakele ku aldolase enzyme. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba zeendawana esinxibelelana molecule ye-acid qela lysine.

Le zeendawana lisabela kunye enzyme inxalenye ethile ebizwa embindini ebonakalayo enzyme okanye kwindawo esebenzayo.

Phantsi iziko esebenzayo, okanye core, baqonde ukuba inxalenye enzayim esika iiproteni molecule oludityaniswe ngayo zeendawana (kunye cofactors) kwaye ebangela iimpawu enzymatic kwemolekyuli. Isiza esebenzayo imisela ingakumbi kunye nomsebenzi ekujonganeni ye-enzyme kwaye kufuneka ibe kwinqanaba elithile kwesakhiwo nzima aguqulelwe indlela close kwaye banxibelelane zinemoletyhule zeendawana, okanye iinxalenye zayo abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo basabela.

Phakathi kwamaqela ezisebenzayo ahluka zibandakanyiwe isahlulo "catalytically esebenzayo" ye enzyme yaye inxalenye oyinxalenye ngokubonelela sendiselane ezithile (ukuba nomphetho owujikelezileyo zeendawana ukuya enzyme) - ekuthiwa-liso, okanye "iankile" (okanye adsorption lwesiza esebenzayo enzyme).

Indlela yesenzo enqanda acacise ingcamango ye Michaelis-lwementen equation. Ngokwalo mbono, inkqubo ithatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba ezine.

Indlela yesenzo enqanda: I Phase

Va zeendawana (C) enzyme (E) kuvela uqhagamshelwano - wabumba EU enzyme-zeendawana complex, apho macandelo amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yi covalent, ionic, amanzi kunye nezinye izitropu.

Indlela yesenzo enqanda: Isigaba IІ

Le zeendawana ihleli phandle enzyme iqhotyoshelweyo luvuliwe yaye uba obufumanekayo abasabela ezahlukahlukeneyo EU catalysis.

Indlela yesenzo enqanda: Isigaba IІI

EU wenza catalysis. Le mbono ixhaswa zizifundo zovavanyo.

Ekugqibeleni, sigaba IV luphawulwa okukhutshwa molekyuli enzyme E kunye F. Ulandelelwano utshintshwano iimveliso ingabonakaliswa njengoko basabela: E + S - EU EU - * - E + P.

Ingakumbi amanyathelo enzyme

enzyme nganye izenzo kwi zeendawana ethile okanye iqela izinto, leyo efana kubume. Ingakumbi umsebenzi enzymatic ngenxa ukufana loqwalaselo site esebenzayo kunye zeendawana. Ngexesha intsebenziswano enzyme-zeendawana kuyilwa complex.