Ityhefu acid: imichiza ifomula kuqamba. izinto eziyingozi kakhulu

Iziphumo ezahlukileyo iikhemikhali emzimbeni womntu luyathandabuzeka. Uninzi lwethu iikhompawundi eyaziwa okanye cala, yaye badlale indima entle ebomini babantu. Kodwa kukho iqela izinto, emele ingxaki enkulu kwimpilo. Zahlula-hlulwe kwiiklasi eziliqela. Kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku iarseniki acid - enye yezi amachiza ayityhefu. Ngokutsho ulwahlulohlulo yamkelwe ngoku, ifakiwe kule yesibini iklasi eliphezulu-umngcipheko, kunye chloroform, yepeyinti Lithium kusitsha. Siye sifunde iimpawu acid iinkcukacha esiyityhefu.

isakhiwo Ezinto kunye nemeko ngokwasemzimbeni zenkqunto

Le compound phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kuye isakhiwo crystalline. Ukuba tribasic, esiyityhefu acid, apho ifomula H ₃ Aso ₄ omabini eziziisekondari iityuwa acid. Umzekelo, potassium gidroarsenat - K ₂ HAsO _4, sodium digidroarsenat - Nah ₂ Aso _4, lithium arsenate - Li ₃ Aso _4. Calcining iarseniki acid, iarseniki wafumana gemipentoksid ekuthiwa esiyityhefu pentoxide. ziikristale akhe amhlophe ngaphaya zenze ubunzima vitreous, ayiqondakali enyibilikayo emanzini.

dissociation

H3AsO _4, kunye formic acid kunye hayidroksayidi yipeyinti abangaxhalabisiyo electrolyte buthathaka. Ngenxa yoko, kule theyibhile le asidi ionization ezinkulu ortomyshyakovaya acid uye constants dissociation ezintathu: 5.6 x 10 ^-3, 1.5 x 10 ^-7 no-3, 89 x 10 ^-12. Ezi zikhombisi agcwele nangokobungakanani amandla asidi. Ngokuhambelana constants dissociation kwinani asidi ezingaphiliyo H ₃ Aso ₄ usesikhundleni phakathi chromium kunye asidi kwistibhiya. ekhemisi Russian experimenters AL and I. L. Agafonovy aliqulunqileyo Ukuzibonakalisa ngokwezibalo, apho ulwalamano efunyenwe kuqala dissociation rhoqo yesibini esiyityhefu acid ukusuka ubushushu ukusuka 0 ° C 50 ° C.

iipropati ikakhulu chemical

The degree of igcwala-athom esiyityhefu ezenza molecule asidi, ngu-5. Libhekisela yokuba umchiza ngokwayo ekudibaneni kwemichiza kunye nezinye izinto ukubonisa iipropati oxidizing. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha intsebenziswano yawo kunye iodide potassium esebenza njenge arhente ekunciphiseni, xa olune medium sifumana arsenious acid yi H ₃ Aso ₃ phakathi iimveliso basabela. Khumbula ukuba acid iarseniki, apho ifomula H ₃ Aso ₄ tribasic, yaye ngenxa yoko, abasabela kunye iziseko kwealkali okanye ezingenakunyibilika, lingenza iintlobo ezintathu iityuwa: medium, osuka kunye digidroarsenaty. asabela esemgangathweni ku Aso ₄ ³ ion kwi chemistry bokuhlalutya intsebenziswano ngokwayo iarseniki acid okanye iityuwa yayo iityuwa zesilivere enyibilikayo, ezifana nitrate. Ngenxa yokubona kwezulu Ag ₃ Aso ₄ coffee umbala.

indlela Iodometric ukuze guquka esiyityhefu acid

Xa ifildi yodibaniso, umsebenzi ebalulekileyo ukubona iikhemikali kwi izisombululo. Ityhefu acid, imichiza Iipropati esixoxe ngaphambili, kungabonwa micromethod iodometry. Ku 1 ml isisombululo yayo obegalelwe umthamo efanayo 4N. zehydrochloric acid kunye 1 ml nesisombululo potassium iodide 4%. Senziwe sesquioxide esiyityhefu Njengoko _{2 O-3, ubunzima} apho phantsi mali olungqongqo ubungakanani wezenzi sisoloko efanayo kwaye ilingana 0,5746 mg.

Ukukwazi oxidizing of esiyityhefu acid

Njengoko yaziwa, H ₃ Aso _{4 njengokuba} orthophosphoric acid, i electrolyte amandla eliphakathi. ziikristale bayo emhlophe ngaphaya ezi deliquescent kwaye ilungiselelwe ngendlela 2H ₃ Aso ₄ x H ₂ O. iityuwa zawo kuyilwa kunye nesinyithi kwealkali (njengoko avareji, kwaye acid), xa izisombululo zolwelo abe pH mkhulu kuno 7. Arsenates lithium, potassium, sodium kunye Ammonium lula enyibilikayo emanzini, kwaye abanye ityuwa eliphakathi akumele kubenze kuyo. Ityhefu acid - a oxidizer elungileyo. Xa reactions redox, oko ibuyiselwe kwi arsenous acid okanye arsine.

H ₃ Aso ₄ ⁺ 2e + 2H + = H ₃ Aso ₃ + H ₂ O

H ₃ Aso ₄ ⁺ 8e + 8H + = Ash ₃ + 4H ₂ O

Ngaphezu koko, esiyityhefu acid lula yiluciferase izinyithi ezahlukeneyo, iodide sulfite kunye asidi, kunye emanzini.

Ukulungiswa esiyityhefu acid

Phantsi kweemeko laboratory, H ₃ Aso ₄ inokufunyanwa ngokuhlanganisa sesquioxide esiyityhefu ne-nitric acid phantsi ukufudumeza. Iimveliso ibhaqwe oxide kunye H ₃ Aso _4. Enye indlela yokulungiselela - yeyona nokuchithwa emanzini oxide esiyityhefu. Usetyenziswa rhoqo ukufumana oko igcwala ngaxeshanye kunye haydrolisis trialkilarsenitov lashushu-50 ° C kunye nesisombululo hydrogen peroxide. Ngaxeshanye, umxube reaction liyasuswa ngamanzi kunye notywala. Ewiliko ke ngumphunga kwaye wafumana ntumbuluko eliphezulu esiyityhefu acid. Kwindalo, ngumqolo ekufanisweni iarseniki acid ezi izimbiwa arsenolite kunye arsenopyrite, nto leyo zizityebi iidiphozithi saseChelyabinsk kunye uMmandla Chita ye-Russian Federation.

H3AsO4 application

Ngenxa yokuba ortomyshyakovaya acid yenye ubuthi kakhulu. isicelo sayo kushishino kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla anqongophele. ityuwa kwande - arsenates, ogama zinetyhefu kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunalowo ezininzi H ₃ Aso _4. Ngoko ke, kwishishini processing iinkuni kunye zinc sulfate kunye pentachlorophenol sodium ityuwa, esiyityhefu acid isetyenziselwa unyango kweenkuni. Le ndlela kunciphisa ukulahleka ukusuka ngokutshatyalaliswa neselulosi zosulelo imingxunya ezidla amabhungane, borers iinkuni. Xa amayeza H ₃ Aso ₄ lisetyenziswa kwi "Atoxil" ukulungiselela ukuba unyango losulelo protozoal, ezifana giardiasis, balantidiasis, isosporiasis.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba elinabantu ezi zifo kwiminyaka yakutshanje liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo. Kukho izizathu ezininzi - umzekelo, usulelo ngu ukutya equlathe imbewu lenyama, ngenxa impovane okanye ngokwesondo. Ityhefu iasidi kusetyenziswa izinto ukususela kwiinkqubo zemveliso izibuko enombala, kwakunye Electrical Engineering. H uvumelane ₃ Aso ₄ - ityuwa layo isodiyam lisetyenziswa kwi dermatology kunye nesifo ngempumelelo. Zithako ezisetyenziswa iarseniki zamazinyo (iarseniki paste) njenge lichiza esetyenziselwa yandisa uvakalelo yobuhlungu luvo asha phezu ukususwa ukusuka umsele ngezinyo.

Isenzo esiti emzimbeni womntu

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, H ₃ Aso ₄ zibandakanyiwe ingozi yeklasi yesibini ukwanda - izinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Ingqalelo umthamo ezinkulu zombini acid kunye neetyuwa wayo kuluhlu ukususela-15 ukuya 150 mg kwekilogram omzimba womntu ngamnye. Kunye ukususela eziqhelekileyo ezingenabungozi, esiyityhefu acid ebangela necrosis ulusu kunye kwiinwebu enyama yangaphakathi: imiphunga, isisu, amathumbu.

Elabhoratri, kwi amalinge kunye arsenate kunye H ₃ Aso ₄ kufuneka ukusebenzisa iiglavu zokuzikhusela, yaye ngokwabo amalinge zenziwa phantsi hood yimisi. Kwimeko inqanaba weseli zinetyhefu yephule inkqubo yalo enzyme, njengoko inactivation enqanda. Xa abantu, netyhefu arsenate kukhokelela paresis okanye ukukhubazeka. Xa Oncology chemotherapy ne-non ukuthotyelwa iirejimeni wemithi iziyobisi kunye namatyala ityhefu miarsenolom abhalwe novarsenolom. uncedo lokuqala iityuwa ubuthi esiyityhefu acid Ukhawuleza lavage esiswini (umz, isodiyam unitiola okanye lesilicon dioxide amalungiselelo).

Ukuthintela ukusilela etsolo kwezintso, ihaemodialysis emiselweyo. Njengoko alikaziwa ngaphandle unitiola isisombululo-5%, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa safener Strizhevskaya. Ngaphambi kokufika zoncedo lokuqala likaxakeka ekhaya ukunciphisa izinga ukunxila zingasetyenziswa isisombululo citric acid, ngoko eyenza ukugabha kwakunye nesisu wokuhlamba. Onke amanyathelo zonyango kufuneka wenziwe ngokuhambisana alale engqongqo phantsi kweliso zonyango.