Ezona mpawu zangoku-ombane bezixhobo zombane

Qala ibali efanele kunye Edison. Le ndoda benelungelo inzululwazi bazama isibane sakhe yale igqengezelayo, ezama ukufikelela phezulu ezintsha ekukhanyeni yombane, yaye ngempazamo yasungulwa isibane diode. Electron bephuma vacuo cathode kwaye entrained ukuya electrode yesibini, ezahlulwe isithuba. Kwi nokolula yangoku ngexesha wayesazi kancinane, kodwa fyabo lobunikazi wafumana isicelo yayo kungekudala. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, yaye kwakufuneka iimpawu zangoku-ombane. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Uphawu lwangoku-ombane nasiphi na isixhobo se-elektroniki - lwepolitiki, kwakunye semiconductor kunye - kunceda ukuqonda ukuba ziziphathe njani na xa uvula ifowuni kwi kwisekethi yombane. Enyanisweni, kodwa imveliso ngoku kuxhomekeke ombane isicelo kwifowuni. Edison wasungula owandulela lo diode yenzelwe ukuba kunqumle amaxabiso ombane ezimbi, nangona, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kwicala sesixhobo ivuliwe kulo wesekethe, kodwa ngakumbi ukuba ngelinye ixesha, ukuze wazala umfundi kunye iinkcukacha engeyomfuneko.

Ngaloo ndlela, uphawu lwangoku-ombane le diode oyinto iimbalo parabola isebe entle, makwazeke ezininzi izifundo zesikolo. Le ezikhoyo kwisixhobo olunjalo kumpompoza kuphela kwicala elinye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengesenzo ifanelekileyo yahlukile ebomini, yaye kusekho ngoku ekumfimfitheni kwi yombane ezimbi, ebizwa reflux (ukuvuza). Yena incinane kakhulu yangoku ofunekayo, ochazwa ngokuba ngqo, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe malunga non-ideality izixhobo ngokwenene.

Ezincamathelayo triode yohlukile umzalwana omncinane kunye ubukho electrode ezimbini kwigridi yolawulo, a damming icandelo transversely phakathi iselwa cleaner. A cathode nge ukutyabeka eyodwa lula ngokwahlukana kwayo ukusuka elektroni kumphezulu, wakhonza njengomthombo amasuntswana nezakhiwo leyo wathabatha anode. Nokuqukuqela ombane yolawulo isicelo lombane. Ezona mpawu zangoku-lombane kwesibane ezincamathelayo triode ifana kakhulu ukuya diode, kodwa imigaqo enkulu. Kuxhomekeka ombane kwi kwisiseko lomlingani parabola ivavanywa utshintsho, kwaye bafumane intsapho imigca uhlobo olufanayo.

Ngokungafaniyo diode transistors lusebenzise ombane entle phakathi cathode kunye anode. Ukusebenza olifunayo kuzuzwa manipulation ombane grid. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kufuneka wenze uhlaziyo lokugqibela. Ekubeni cathode uba anesiphelo umthamo electron ungcoliseko, asinto ibe phawu zommandla Ukwanda ngamnye, apho ukwanda ngakumbi ombane akuthethi kukhokelela ekwandeni kwimveliso yangoku.

Nangona ezahlukeneyo kunye nemigaqo kwiimpawu zangoku-ombane lo transistor ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka triode, kodwa steepness ke parabola mkhulu kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto wesekethe isibane ku vangama idla wasiwa zeendawana semiconductor. Umyalelo izinto eziphathekayo ngaphandle transistors ezi lombane ubonelelo ezincinane kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo semiconductor ungalawuleka zombini yombane ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, enika iqondo elikhulu inkululeko abayili Xa uziyilela kwiisekethe.

Ukudibana ngokupheleleyo izicelo okutshintshela kwezisombululo esele zenziwe kunye nezixhobo ziye zasungulwa kunye isivamvo. Noko ke, ukuba isibane kusetyenziswa iintlobo bangaphandle, isiseko element phambili, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, osebenza ngokwesiseko isivamvo lwangaphakathi. UMgaqo-nkqubo we-ombane photoelectric iimpawu Eboniswe ukuba imveliso ixabiso yangoku ishenxiselwe, kuxhomekeke ukukhanyisa. I ukukhanya iphezulu inkulu imveliso ngoku. Ekubeni phototransistors emsebenzini, photodiodes zisetyenziswa njengesebe reverse yangoku. Oku kunceda ukudala izixhobo ekwaziyo lokubhaqa photons yaye zilawulwa imithombo ukukhanya yangaphandle.