Yintoni na uhlobo oxides

Makhe sithethe ukujonga indlela nohlobo oxide. Okokuqala, ukuba zonke izinto ezinakho kwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini: alula nanzima. izinto ezilula ihlelwa isinyithi kunye nonmetals. iikhompawundi Complex yahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezine: iinqwelwana, oxides, iityuwa, asidi.

definition

Ekubeni uhlobo oxides kuxhomekeke ukwakhiwa kwawo, ukuze aqale inkcazelo lo udidi izinto ezingaphiliyo. Oxides na izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezinama izinto ezimbini. Le peculiarity yokuba mpilo isoloko ibekwe amabango yesibini element (yokugqibela).

Lowo iqhelekileyo kuthathwa impefumlelwano oksijini kunye zizinto ezilula (isinyithi, nonmetals). Umzekelo, lisekwa indlela magnesium kunye ioksijini, nemagnesium oxide, bembonisa iipropati esisiseko.

nokuhlelwa

oxides Character ixhomekeke ukwakhiwa kwawo. Kukho imithetho ethile abathi ezi izinto.

Ukuba oksayidi wentsimbi akhiwa subgroups eziphambili valency akukho kuboniswe. Umzekelo, calcium oxide cao. Ukuba xa iikhompawundi ze intsimbi lokuqala iqelana enjalo, nto leyo iba Valence variable, kufuneka liboniswe yesi waseRoma. Ibekwa ngemva igama compound kwindawo yegama. Umzekelo, kukho oxides yentsimbi (2) kunye (3). Ukwenza oxides ifomula, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba imali igcwala kufuneka ukuba uziro.

ngezigaba

Cinga indlela oxides umlinganiswa ixhomekeke iqondo igcwala. Metals ukuba inani igcwala ka +1 no-phinde ngo 2, benza oxides ezisisiseko mpilo. Eyona ngqo ezi zihlanganisi na uhlobo olusisiseko oxides. Ezi zihlanganisi afana kusabela kunye oxides ityuwa-sisenziwa, nonmetals, ekusekeni ityuwa kunye nabo. Kwakhona, le oxides esisiseko zisenokuxabana iasidi. Imveliso asabela ixhomekeke izinto ukuqala athathwa ngayiphi nobungakanani.

Non-isinyithi kunye isinyithi kunye namachibi +4 ukuya +7, benza oxides mpilo acid. oxides Character lubandakanya indlela ne isiseko (kwealkali). Isiphumo intsebenziswano ixhomekeke wasiwa yimalini kwealkali yokuqala. Xa ukungabikho ityuwa yayo asidi, njengoko imveliso reaction. Umzekelo, kwi indlela carbon monoxide (4) kunye sodium hayidroksayidi wambumba sodium hydrogencarbonate (ityuwa asidi).

Kwimeko yokusebenzisana kwe-acid kunye agqithisile imveliso oxide indlela i ityuwa kwealkali kuya kuthetha (sodium carbonate). Character oxides emuncu kuxhomekeke iqondo igcwala.

Zahlula-hlulwe le oxides ityuwa-yakheka (apho ngesidanga igcwala le element lilingana nenani kwiqela) kwakunye oxides akanankathalo abanako wokusungula neetyuwa.

oxides amphoteric

Kukho kwakhona zimpahla lomlinganiswa amphoteric of oxides. kubume bayo siyifumana impefumlelwano ezi zihlanganisi nee-asidi kunye alkalis. Yintoni oxides ukubonisa elikabini (amphoteric) Iipropati? Ezi ziquka binary compound metal ezinenani igcwala +3, kunye oxides of beryllium, zinc.

Iindlela yokulungisa

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuvelisa oxides. Lowo iqhelekileyo kuthathwa impefumlelwano ioksijini kunye izinto ezilula (isinyithi, nonmetals). Umzekelo, lisekwa indlela magnesium kunye ioksijini, nemagnesium oxide, bembonisa iipropati esisiseko.

Kwakhona faka oxides kunokuba ezimbaxa kunye intsebenziswano kwezinto mpilo eziphilayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha ukutshiswa pyrite (intsimbi emanzini 2) zingafumaneka ngqo oxides ezimbini: isalfure zentsimbi.

Enye indlela ingqalelo ukufumana oxides etyuwa yokubola abasabela asidi ioksijini-equlethe. Umzekelo, yokubola ngecalcium carbonate kunokuqulunqwa icarbon dioxide kunye calcium oxide (ikalika quick).

Le oxides ezisisiseko kwaye amphoteric ibunjwa ngexesha yokubola iziseko ezingenakunyibilika. Umzekelo, ukuba calcination of hayidroksayidi yentsimbi (3) amiliswe oxide yentsimbi (3), kwakunye nomphunga wamanzi.

isiphelo

Oxides ziludidi kwezinto ezingaphiliyo ukuba isicelo mveliso ngokubanzi. Zisetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha, ishishini lamachiza, amayeza.

Ngaphezu koko, oxides amphoteric idla ngokusetyenziswa organic kudibaniso zokuthundeza (accelerators iinkqubo imichiza).