KwiSithethe Ukuhlolwa ultrasound 1 ezintathu. 1 ezintathu ukuhlolwa: ixesha, ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo US, ultrasound ziqonde

Xa kuqala ukukhulelwa umfazi iqala imkhathaza imibuzo emininzi. Wonke umama okhulelweyo ufuna umntwana wakhe ukusekwa eqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso. Kumanqanaba okuqala kusenokubakho iingozi yokuphuhlisa izifo ezithile mbungu. Ukuphanda imeko koogqirha baby ukumisela zokuhlola 1 ezintathu. ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo US (survey photo idla iqhotyoshelwe apha) mfazi banokufunda ingxelo kwingcali ngubani uwugcinela.

Yintoni siswini ukuhlolwa?

siswini ibandakanya isifundo abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuchonga iziphene ezahlukeneyo umntwana xa ibakala Palsy. Le ndlela iquka iintlobo ezimbini iimviwo: Uhlalutyo kwemichiza igazi ultrasound yoviwo.

Ixesha elilelona zokwenza uphando olunjalo - ithuba leeveki ezilishumi ezineentsuku ezintandathu neeveki ezilishumi neentsuku ezintandathu. Kukho izinga elithile sokuhluza ultrasound 1 ezintathu, nto leyo uthelekisa iziphumo zophando lwe abafazi abakhulelweyo. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-US ngeli xesha na inkcazo malformations kakhulu kuphuhliso umbungu kunye nokuchongwa amagosa amakishayo ukungaqheleki chromosomal.

Le anomaly engundoqo - is:

• Teor isisombululo - isithuba indawo entanyeni ububanzi;
• hypoplasia okanye engekho ithambo ngeempumlo.

Ultrasound ekukhulelweni ityhila kweempawu zesi sifo ezifana Down engqondweni, yaye inxalenye ngezifo yosana olungekazalwa. Ukuhlolwa Eqhelekileyo (US) 1 ezintathu ukuze zihlalutywe ukuya kwiiveki ezili-14. Kamva eli xesha uninzi nezikhombisi abangazange ulwazi.

1 ezintathu nokuxilongwa: ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo US (jonga itheyibhile)

Kugqirha kube lula ukufumanisa imeko umfazi omithiyo, kukho ezinye iitheyibhile zophuhliso izalathi si zokunikwa amalungu umntwana. Sam ultrasound protocol ezikhutshwe yakhiwe ukuze kucaciswe ngeenkalo emazifikelele Dynamics nokusekwa nokukhula umbungu. Eli nqaku libonisa imithetho zokuhlola 1 ezintathu.

Ziqonde i US (itheyibhile eboniswe ngezantsi) ziya kufumana iinkcukacha malunga nokuba yonke kulungile kunye neziqhamo.

Guquka umbungu ukukwazi

Ukuze kuhlolwe umbungu ukuphila kubalulekile kakhulu ukubona nokubetha kwentliziyo kwi usaqala. intliziyo yomntu encinane iqala ukubetha kwiveki yesihlanu lokuhlala esizalweni sikama, uze uchonge usebenzisa yokuhluza 1 ezintathu (ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo US), kunokwenzeka sele ku iiveki ezisixhenxe zobomi Palsy. Ukuba uVuyo ayenziwanga bekubona ngeli xesha, singathetha ngayo amathuba ukufa ezingekazalwa (isisu ephosiweyo).

Ukuze kuhlolwe ndiseyimbumba nokusebenza accounted for ngakumbi izinga intliziyo, nto leyo ngokwesiqhelo kwi kwisithuba seeveki ezintandathu ukusuka 90 ukuya ibetha ezilikhulu elineshumi ngomzuzu. Ezi zizalathisi ebalulekileyo ukuhluza 1 imigangatho ezintathu ultrasound kunye isifundo yokumpompoza kwegazi kunye nobude umzimba kufuneka athobele iinkcukacha ngokubhekisele kubudala sokukhulelwa.

Isixhobo phambili ngakumbi esetyenziselwa zihlolwe, ngcono uyakwazi ukubona zonke izidumbu kwaye bafumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Ukuba kukho ithuba eliphezulu yokuba yokuzalwa okanye malformations yemfuza, ekhulelwe uthunyelwa iimviwo nzulu.

Kwezinye iingingqi, kunye ubhaliso kwiikliniki zaphambi kokubeleka inyanzelekile kubo bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo wayisithelisa 1 ezintathu. ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo US ukuze hayi iziphumo ungqamane, ngoko oogqirha ngokukhawuleza athathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuze alondoloze ubomi nempilo umama okanye umntwana. Kodwa ke kaninzi ngaphezu kuphando ithunyelwe abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ezisemngciphekweni: Nguwo lo mfazi amathathu anesihlanu eminyaka, abo yemfuzo kusapho kunye nabantwana abazelwe ngaphambili, isisu zokukhulelwa ezidlulileyo, abantwana eswelekile okanye ukukhulelwa asakhasayo. ingqalelo ngenyameko ihlawulwe oomama abakhulelweyo abaye baphathwa ekuqaleni yokukhulelwa, izifo egazini, uthathe iziyobisi eziyingozi okanye ukuba phantsi kweempembelelo radiation.

Ukuba ibhinqa liye zokubona kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu yokuqala, i-ultrasound inceda ukufumanisa ukusebenza womntwana okanye ukufa kwakhe.

izigaba ukukhulelwa

Zokwenza uvavanyo eyongezelelweyo elona xesha ngqo yokukhulelwa status eboniswe amabhinqa sexesheni mgaqweni okanye ukwazi kumhla ukukhulelwa. Ukuze benze oku, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuhlolwa ezintathu enye. Standards for ultrasonography, izalathisi ezingundoqo kubhalo kunye nomhla kwesisu na trebueyut ulwazi lwezonyango. Umfazi yena uyakwazi ukubona umhla ekulindeleke ukuba ukuhanjiswa, ubudala sokukhulelwa kunye nenani imibungu. Ngokusisiseko, inani iiveki, kumiselwa ultrasound, ekwafanekisa xesha, nto leyo ibalwa ukususela ngomhla wokuqala komjikelo lomfazi.

Ngophando, ugqirha yenza somlinganiselo ulawulo ubungakanani mbungu. Ukususela data ufumene ingcali ithelekisa imithetho zokuhlola 1 ezintathu. US Ukusindisa lwenzeka kwi parameters zilandelayo:

• yokukala umgama phakathi sacrum kunye isithsaba ndiseyimbumba (iiveki 7-13), eyenza kube lula ukujonga yobudala kanye sokukhulelwa ezitafileni ezizodwa;
• ubude nesilinganiso wethambo Parietal zentloko yomntwana (iiveki emva 13), kuba sisalathisi esibalulekileyo kwisiqingatha sesibini yokukhulelwa;
• ukumiselwa ubungakanani mde - umzimba umbungu yifemur, ukusebenza kwayo lubonisa womntwana ukukhula ubude (iiveki ezili-14), kwi zigaba ekuseni kufuneka ube malunga 1.5 cm, kunye nokugqitywa ephethe umntwana akhule ukuya ku 7.8 cm;
• achazwe apha esiswini ilinganiswa umntwana - ibonisa ubungakanani umbungu ubunzima baso okulindelekileyo;
• nokuzimisela achazwe apha yentloko kwisiqhamo evuthiweyo, ekhutshwayo nayo isetyenziselwa nentekelelo inenimba zendalo. Le wemilinganiso oluqhutywa nkqu zigaba zokugqibela zokumitha, apho ugqirha ejonge ubungakanani oomama zangasese elizayo kunye nentloko lomntwana. Ukuba achazwe apha entloko idlula parameters ze isinqe, oko kubonisa ngqo ukuba uqhaqho.

Ukumiselwa malformations

Ngoncedo ultrasound kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ekukhuleni komntwana kunye namathuba unyango phambi kokuzalwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abelwa thethwano olongezelelweyo sezakhi doctor-, yona ethi ithelekise wafumana ngokusebenzisa izalathisi kunye nemilinganiselo ukuhluza 1 ezintathu.

US ziqonde asenokubonisa ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphene ekukhuleni komntwana, kodwa kwisigqibo sokugqibela unikwa kuphela emva kokuqhuba izifundo nemvelo.

Ukuhlolelwa 1 ezintathu, ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo US: bone ngeempumlo

Xa ndiseyimbumba ukuba ukungaqheleki chromosomal, kwamathambo kamva kunalowo enempilo. Oku kunokubonwa kwangethuba kwiiveki 11, xa ukuhlolwa lwenziwa 1 ezintathu. ngokutsho US eqinisekiswe zemigangatho eya kubonisa ukuba kukho umahluko kuphuhliso amathambo ngeempumlo, inceda iingcali ukuqingqa ixabiso layo ukususela kwiiveki ezili-12.

Ukuba ubude eli ithambo ayihambelani elithi yokukhulelwa, kodwa zonke ezinye izalathisi ukuze, ngoko akukho sizathu inkxalabo. Kungenzeka, kuba iimpawu ngamanye mbungu.

Value-Parietal ubungakanani coccyx

Kungasisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokuba umntu omncinane kweli nqanaba ukukhulelwa ubungakanani coccyx ukuya elukakayini. Umfazi xa athe ixesha mgaqweni, esi salathisi ligqiba ixesha yokukhulelwa. Normal Ukuhlolwa ultrasound 1 ezintathu yale isalathiso uvela cm 3.3 ukuya 7.3 kubudala obungangeeveki ezilishumi elinambini, kubandakanywa.

Ububanzi indawo intamo isithuba (TID)

Eli nani ngenye nayo ngokuba nezibaya zemihlambi entanyeni zamafu. Ku waphawula ukuba TVP ndiseyimbumba ubukhulu ka-3 mm, kukho umngcipheko wokuba Down syndrome kulo mntwana. Iinqobo ezisetyenziswayo ngugqirha, ebonisa 1 ezintathu zokuhlola. kwimigangatho US (nuchal ubukhulu) zithathwa kubaluleke kakhulu uyiqwalasela ngakumbi yomfazi okhulelweyo.

Ukumisela indawo ngumkhaya

Ngenxa yomkhaya (beendawo) kuyimfuneko kwegazi siswini indoda encinane. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla akhe. Ultrasound kwenza kube lula ukufumanisa uphuhliso okungaqhelekanga ngumkhaya nesikhundla. Ukuba esezantsi kakhulu ngokunxulumene fundus zesibeleko - oku kubizwa ngokuba libomvu ngumkhaya, nto leyo inokukhokelela zidlulela kwemveliso ukulungiselela usana ngethuba lokubeleka.

indawo Good zezihlalo umntwana ultrasound ukuhluza 1 ezintathu. Imithetho izifundo ezinjalo ukwala ephantsi beendawo previa. Kodwa xa ibekwe kufutshane emazantsi isibeleko, oogqirha musa ukukhawuleza ukukhalisa isivusi, ngokuba ikhondo ukhulelwe ukuba uvuke. Kodwa ukuba indawo ngumkhaya iye yatshintshwa kwi zigaba kamva, ngoko ezi ngxaki zilandelayo:

• ngumkhaya unakho zisimfamekisayo wesibeleko kunye nokuthintela ukuzala zendalo;
• ekubeni senyanga yesibini inxalenye esezantsi isibeleko angasolula, ngumkhaya unakho uxobule kuyo kwaye ingabangela ukopha (placental abruption).

Ukufunda Huy sac

Kwiintsuku 15-16 sokukhulelwa, ukususela kwimini kwesisu na inkqubo ukuyilwa le Huy sac. Oku "igunya wethutyana" usana uhlola, ukwenza ultrasound (1 ezintathu zokuhlola). Imiqathango kunye nemithetho iimviwo ultrasound kufuneka babonise ubukho bayo nobukhulu. Ukuba kukhona i imilo mgaqweni, inyuswe okanye ihliswe, kunokwenzeka ukuba lomlinganiselo olungekazalwa.

Sac - yinto appendage, nto leyo ifumaneka kwicala ventral bemveku. Inika supply sac ezifunekayo kuphuhliso eqhelekileyo wosana. Ngoko khangela ukuba izinga sokuhluza ultrasound 1 ezintathu kuthelekiswa kunye parameters zesifundo, kubalulekile ukuba esweni ukukhulelwa. Ngapha koko, eli ixesha lokuqala (ukuba nje izitho yomntwana musa ukusebenza ngokwabo), eli nomhlehlo wenza umsebenzi kwesibindi, udakada, kwaye isetyenziswe njengomboneleli iiseli lwegciwane ephambili ngokuthatha inxaxheba kukwenziwa kweenkqubo omzimba kunye metabolic.

Indima uhlahlelo hormone igazi

Ukuphanda ubume ndiseyimbumba, ugqirha ukhangela nje kuphela iziphumo ultrasound (1 ezintathu zokuhlola). Norms kulo kubaluleke kuvavanyo lwegazi. Loo analysis, ukongeza uhlolo cuke luyenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba iiproteni ezithile (placental) ukuba oko inqanaba. Ukuphononongwa yokuqala yenziwe ngohlobo uvavanyo kabini - ukubhaqa iifom protein level 2:

1. "PAPP-A" - ekuthiwa-ukukhulelwa-enxulumene plasma protein A
2. "HCG" - the free beta enganeno ye chorionic gonadotropin kwabantu.

Ukuba amanqanaba zezi iiprothini zitshintshiwe, libonisa ubukho kunokwenzeka of chromosomal and non-chromosomal ukuphazamiseka ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ukuchongwa komngcipheko ophezulu akuthethi ukuba umbungu kanye into engalunganga. Ukuhlolwa enjalo imiphumela 1 ezintathu, ukucazulula, izinga ultrasound zibonisa ukuba ufuna ukubukela ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi ukumitha. uphando njalo iye ayiboniswanga ingozi yesifo yemfuza.