Pedagogy - ntoni na? Le mbono "pedagogy". Pedagogy Professional

Imfundo indawo ekhethekileyo ezenziwa ngabantu ukufunda pedagogy. Into efundisa, oko wesuka yaye yintoni definition lingenza njani?

etymology

Eli gama liye a imvelaphi umdla kakhulu. E Greece yamandulo, inkxaso abantwana bakhe master ikhoboka isikolo igama ethile - pedagogy. Yintoni na ixabiso kwaphumela? Nje phezu ulwimi yamandulo elithi "umntwana" yamaGrike elizongomayo "paydos" nesenzo "bakhokelayo" libizwa ngokuba "Figaro." Kubonakala ukuba "umfundisi-khoboka" igama "paydogogosom".

Ekubeni igama elithi "pedagogy" iye yatshintsha njengoko ixesha lihamba. Yintoni na pedagogy namhlanje? Ngengqiqo esiqhelekileyo ngayo yonke inkxaso efanayo umntwana, umfundi, kodwa umda imisebenzi enjalo enye ntle. Mfundisi - lowo ohambisa ubomi bomntwana.

Ukusuka kwimbali pedagogy. isikolo West

Enkcukacha ebonisa ukuba zifundiswe indlela, esithi zobulumko famous ngakumbi. Umzekelo, Immanuel Kant, owayephila kwinkulungwane XVIII, wayekholelwa ukuba ukufundiswa koluntu yomntu kwinkqubo yokufunda - isixhobo engundoqo ukunceda ukwakha ubuntu onesimilo, uyakwazi ukuphila ngendlela uluntu oluphucukileyo uze uzise yingenelo eluntwini.

Olu hlaziyo abanokuthathelwa ingqalelo zaphambili ngexesha layo, kuba kude ngenkulungwane XIX, imfundo eduze unqulo. ke abantu abafunde eyayigcwele abefundisi, abalungiseleli lwamabandla nezigodlo, zinto ezo benza imisebenzi yokufundisa nangokomyinge le zenkolo.

utshintsho Big isikolo pedagogy Western unenzondelelo kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XX. Imfundo kuxhaphaka ekuqaleni ukuya kude izimiso zonqulo iimbono zazo, kwaye waba attribute olusisinyanzelo kumntu yoluntu kunye esisityebi. Phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela Western eYurophu nakuMntla Melika itshayelwe hlengiso imfundo. Isiphumo yaba kukwakha inkqubo entsha, ngakumbi abantu-ebomini kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kwi iimfuno zomfundi ngamnye, kunye neemfuno kuluntu lonke abantu.

Pedagogy eRussia

Imfundo e Kievan Rus kwakhona ezinxulumene nenkolo. Ngaphezu koko, injongo ephambili yoqeqesho lokufunda nokubhala ngoko ababingeleli ezintsha, abantu bayakwazi ukushumayela ukusasaza ilizwi likaThixo kwinginginya.

Noko ke, wafundisa lokufunda nokubhala kunye nabantwana. KumaXesha Aphakathi kwakungenxa inzala abazali abazizityebi kunye nempembelelo. Kodwa kancinci, kancinci imfundo ukuya iindimbane.

Uqeqesho lootitshala yaqala ngenkulungwane XVIII. Wavula zabefundisi zootitshala kunye namaziko, kwaye ykuba ukubaluleka kwemfundo ebomini kuluntu Russian kunye pedagogy njenge inzululwazi.

Kuphela ngexesha leSoviet, kwi-30 zenkulungwane lokugqibela, imfundo waba enyanzelekileyo. Abantwana ukuqala ukusuka kwiminyaka esi-7 kwafuneka ukuba bapase kuzo zonke izigaba yesikolo, ngoko ke ngenxa yokuba babe ngabantu abafundileyo kwaye ekrelekrele.

Kodwa makhe senze kuphambuko yethu emfutshane kwimbali ugqithele ngobhalo pedagogy.

Pedagogy Science

Yintoni pedagogy nje isayensi? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba iinkcazelo ezahlukeneyo enkulu ecetywayo. Nangona kunjalo, i capacious imfutshane kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezi zinto zilandelayo: pedagogy - inzululwazi yezemfundo.

Indlela enye ukuchaza oko? Pedagogy - inzululwazi ngokufuduswa namava abo badala kwencinane, kwakunye nokwenziwa ebonakalayo abafundi ingxelo ulwazi lwabo. Njengoko ubona, le nkcazo kubonakala noqhelwaniso lomsebenzi kwezemfundo: ibizwa isebenza kwaye beqonda utitshala abafundi bakhe.

Pedagogy - it kwakhona inzululwazi uqeqesho kunye nemfundo, kwakunye self-learning, imfundo-self kunye nemfundo-self. Le nkcazo ibhekisa iinkqubo ezihamba olu qeqesho nje umsebenzi. Kulo mzekelo, ugxininiso kwakhona kubekwa phezu yokuba ingqikelelo ye "pedagogy" ibandakanya kwinkqubo wamacala amabini: nalowo ufundisayo kunye ofundayo.

Yintoni ofunda le isayensi? Makhe sithethe ngayo iimpawu zaso.

Isifundo kunye nento pedagogy

Kuzo zonke science into yayo kunye nesifundo. Kwaye pedagogy, Kakade ke, akukho ngaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, ndaba pedagogy na ukuyilwa ubuntu lomfundi kunye nophuhliso lwakhe ezenzeka ngexesha loqeqesho. Le yinto pedagogy - yinkqubo yemfundo abafundi. Ithi ngoko zichazwa yokudluliselwa namava abo badala kwencinane.

Kukho umgwebo engenasihlahla into yokuba pedagogy - umfundi, nje ijolise kwimisebenzi zoqeqesho lootitshala. Oku akunjalo. Xa inkqubo yokufumana ulwazi ngamnye ngokwakhe ayitshintshi, shintsho olwenziwa kwinqanaba lomba subtle - yoluntu. Kwaye ngoko ke umsebenzi ngengqondo amaxesha enxulumene pedagogy, kwaye utitshala ngamnye okulungileyo ncakasana yomphefumlo ngengqondo kancinane.

Imisebenzi pedagogy nje isayensi

Njengaye nawuphi na inzululwazi, pedagogy iye umsebenzi walo. Baya lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ithiyori kwaye aluncedo.

Ngu pedagogy senkolelo misebenzi ibandakanya:

• ukufunda efunde phezu kwamakhulu yolwazi abantu pedagogy, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa nokuqhubekayo yeqondo eliphezulu kwinkalo yemfundo;
• Uxilongo iimeko zokufundisa ngezimanga, ukumisela izinto zabo kunye nophuhliso ezikhoyo;
• umzobo isicwangciso ngokucacileyo amanyathelo ejoliswe inguqu imeko yangoku zemfundo kunye nokuphuculwa kwayo.

imisebenzi esebenzayo:

• izixhobo zophuhliso, izicwangciso, izikhokelo eyenzelwe ootitshala;
• kwasungulwa indlela yokufundisa uphuhliso okutsha;
• uvavanyo kunye nocazululo lweziphumo msebenzi zokufundisa.

Yintoni umsebenzi wokufundisa?

Umsebenzi katitshala, umhlohli kwimfundo ubuntu komntwana - esikhulu. Education, Kakade ke, athathele ingqalelo imeko kunye nosapho, kwaye enlists uncedo lwabazali bomntwana. Noko ke, uqeqesho kunye ephambili emfundo umsebenzi wenziwe kunjalo utitshala. Yintoni umsebenzi zokufundisa yaye yintoni definition lingenza?

umsebenzi wokufundisa - umkhuba zokutshintshelwa abafundi amava zentlalo eziyintlanganisela abantu, ngokunjalo ekudaleni iimeko azivumi ukuba uphuhliso umntwana ngamnye. Kuye akukho mfuneko eyenziwa ngutitshala kuphela kwisikolo okanye uprofesa waseyunivesithi. Eneneni, pedagogy professional ubonelela emfundo ootitshala kwezobungcali. Nangona kunjalo, xa sicinga umzali efundisa abantwana bakhe, siya kuqonda ukuba izenzo zakhe nazo ingabalelwa imisebenzi yokufundisa. Emva kokuba sidlule amava akhe kwisizukulwana esitsha, yaye ngaloo ndlela etshintsha ubuntu abantwana.

Yintoni ukwahlula ngqo imisebenzi yemfundo kuyo nayiphi na enye - ukuba ine ocacile. Kwaye ke injongo yale - zemfundo.

Ziziphi iinkalo zemisebenzi yokufundisa katitshala umsebenzi?

umsebenzi wokufundisa na ingcamango abstract. Oku zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela, nganye eneyazo umxholo layo kunye nenjongo. Ngoko ke, zonke utitshala ngokuhlalutya inkqubo yokufunda ukufunda iziseko theoretical component umsebenzi wakhe. Ukongeza, ungutitshala intsebenziswano zokufundisa uyayazi iimpawu nobuntu zabafundi babo. Lo msebenzi kuthiwa ngokwasengqondweni okanye Gnostic.

nokwakhiwa Mfundisi. Ikhulela iindlela ezintsha kunye neenkqubo, ukulungiselela izifundo, ngendlela ezahlukeneyo ukusuka umgangatho. Utitshala ihlaziya imingeni ebuziweyo phambi kwakhe kwinkqubo yemfundo, yaye ngenxa yabo ukufumana izisombululo eyaneleyo. Utitshala uzalisekisa imisebenzi yentlangano. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, abafundi ukuhlangabezana neenjongo ezithile zokufundisa. Imisebenzi ngokunxibelelana, naye laphumeza utitshala ubuchule bakhe ukwakha ingxoxo kunye zombini nabafundi ngokwabo kunye nabazali babo, kwakunye nolawulo kunye noogxa.

Kukho indawo eyahlukileyo umsebenzi katitshala - pedagogy yoluleko. Yintoni na? pedagogy Correctional ephuhlisa noqeqesho neeklasi zabantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa, eziqhutywa ngokweeprogram ezizodwa. imisebenzi enjalo ootitshala abapase uqeqesho zemfundo ezifanelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa.

Teacher: Yintoni na?

Imfundo ye ubuntu - Umsebenzi onzima kunye noxanduva. Pedagogy kodwa ngokuya devalued ngexesha lethu. Noko ke, siqhutywa iingcali ukuba ukuphumelela kusekho, ukubaleka endaweni kwaye ngokwenene kuhlwayela "nengqiqo, elungileyo, ngonaphakade."

Yintoni efanele abe ngumfundisi ophumelelayo? Ziziphi iimpawu mbutho izangoma umahluko oko? Enyanisweni ngeempawu lukatitshala luqinisekiswa kakhulu yohlobo lomsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha nye iphawulwa kujoliswe ecacileyo umsebenzi wobugcisa utitshala wenza ootitshala elizayo ubuncinane iimfuneko ezicacileyo. Ngoko ke, utitshala kufuneka uzilungiselele ukufundisa. Oku kuboniswa ulwazi lwakhe sethiyori esebenzayo kunye nezakhono, kunye ngamacandelwana ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni. Utitshala kufuneka ilungiswe ukusingatha ntshikilelo, nibe nako ukumelana nabo. Ukongeza, ootitshala kufuneka impilo entle kunye namandla omkhulu ukusingatha inani elikhulu labafundi.

Utitshala kufuneka rhoqo bafunde, ukuzama ukuphakamisa umgangatho kuphuhliso lwabo ngokwasengqondweni ukugqwesa kwizifundo. Kule phepha kufuneka basebenzise iindlela ezintsha lombutho kwenkqubo yemfundo. Kulo mzekelo, kuyimfuneko lomsebenzi ngempumelelo zokufundisa luthando abantwana kunye nokuzimisela ukutshintshela kubo ulwazi lwabo nje kuphela, kodwa isiqwenga umphefumlo wakhe.

Apho ukufumana umsebenzi wokufundisa?

iiyunivesithi zokufundisa ngoku kakhulu kakhulu, phantse zonke ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi isixeko esikhulu lalo. Ukongeza, iiyunivesithi abaninzi amasebe okanye ikhono of pedagogy. Umzekelo, kukho Faculty of Pedagogy e Moscow State University, enye endala eRashiya. Ke kaloku, yodumo University of the Republic of Belarus - Belarusian State University - Department of Pedagogy isebenza.

Ukongeza, eRashiya kwaye kulo lonke elalisakuba yiSoviet Union kwiminyaka yakutshanje uye wavula inani elikhulu zamaziko orhwebo emfundo ephakamileyo. WeMfundo abaninzi kubo ufumana i zindala kwaye zibhalise kwezinye nto intsonkothe ngaphezulu kunayo kwiiyunivesithi zoluntu. Loo isesona zorhwebo kunye neyunivesithi lokuqhelaniswa zokufundisa e Moscow, eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy

wakhula Esi sikolo ngaphandle ekhulwini lwenzululwazi eziluncedo "ukulungiswa." Ngowe-1990, elo ziko sele ngokuba "Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy".

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ezintandathu izakhono zengqondo zokufundisa, kunye iintlobo zoqeqesho kuhlala zemveli:-yexesha elizeleyo, part-time kunye ngokuhlwa. Ukongeza ootitshala eyunivesithi, ukulungiselela abafundi kwikholeji kwizifundo ngeCawa kunye nezifundo kwinkqubo yezemfundo kakhulu.

Sinabafundi yeli ziko 5-6 iminyaka ixesha lokuba bafumane uqeqesho ixhomekeka kwifomu okhethiweyo zemfundo kunye nkululeko.

intetho lokuvala

Kukho umsebenzi okhethekileyo, isengqiqweni phezulu kwabantu. Yena a umsebenzi umsebenzi, yaye lo msebenzi - efundisa. Pedagogy - ayikho nje inzululwazi, okanye ithiyori yobungcali kwezoshishino kunye practice. Kananjalo umsebenzi ekufuneka nazo. Yiloo nto abantu abangakwaziyo kubizwa ngokuba ootitshala, iingcali ngonobumba omkhulu, bafanelwe intlonelo.