Into egalelwe ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila

Umhlaba - inkqubo ekhethekileyo kuqulethe uthotho oluntsonkothileyo amakhonkco, ivela, futhi wokuzimela. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, zangaphakathi nezangaphandle nesakhiwo Umhlaba yi into umdla ingqalelo izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke. Ivula imvulophu zokusingqongileyo umhlaba, okanye umhlaba onokuphila, iye yaba uloyiso lwenzululwazi ngokwenene eli kwinkalo yophando. Igalelo ibaluleke nangakumbi ekusonjululweni imiba neenkxalabo woku imfundiso Russian Academician Vernadsky kwi eziphilayo kunye nendima ziyaphila kunye umcimbi ezingaphiliyo inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni ihlabathi lethu.

Biosphere nezinto egalelwe

Biosphere kwabonakala Vernadskii umanyano izinto ezibonakala eziphikisana - bahlala kunye "non-siphila 'ngamanye thinta. Eziphilayo ndaba eziphilayo abalihlali ilizwe kuwo onke amanqanaba ayo. A into egalelwe - oku ekubunjweni eziphilayo ezo musa inxaxheba ophilileyo. Ezi ziquka izimbiwa ezininzi imvelaphi ezingaphiliyo, ezifana namatye anqabileyo nesinyithi, iidiphozithi yentsimbi ekrwada, amatye, iimveliso ibunjiwe ezikhutshwayo yokusebenza ngoku iqhuma mlilo. Xa intliziyo kulo mbandela egalelwe ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila abe silicon compound, yaye ziquka elirhabaxa ilitye, igranite nabanye. Of mlilo ash tuff kwasekwa - eweni efanayo.

Amanzi, njengokuba sisazi, umthombo wobomi. Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo esinjalo, njengako Vernadskii ekunokuthiwa imithombo yendalo yamanzi - iilwandle, iilwandle, imilambo, amachweba. Kodwa meltwater nemvula - kukho into ebalulekileyo egalelwe.

Ukongeza abaphilayo ubusingele egalelwe kwi ekwakhiweni ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila kunye biokosnyh yabelwe - uhlobo lwe imveliso ifuthe eziphilayo nature ezingaphiliyo. Lo maleko aphezulu lomhlaba, isakhiwo neempawu apho utshintsho ngenxa yomsebenzi ebalulekileyo abantu kunye nezilwanyana, umoya namanzi emhlabeni, sisoloko iyasuleleka umntu.

isakhiwo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila

Ngenxa yoko, semvelo soMhlaba bukaThixo ibizwa ngokuba emvulophini wonke umhlaba, enazo zonke ukwahluka mba ephilileyo, isiqingatha salo mbandela langa ukuba usoloko esinxibelelana nalo mba. Biosphere ibandakanya ezantsi umoya, lo kwehayidrosfere sitsala zonke, kwakunye nakumphezulu lithosfere. imida yayo ixhomekeke iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kwaye ingakumbi abo benza indawo evumayo ubukho eziphilayo. I umtya eliphezulu ibekwe nomphakamo ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-20 ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba. Amazwe kuba ozone. Owona msebenzi wayo - ukuba ukuvumela yelanga eyingozi ilanga, ezo musa kuchaphazela izinto egalelwe, kodwa ezibulalayo ngenxa abaphilayo. Oku kulandela ukuba izinto eziphilayo okanye eziphilayo kunokuba eziFihliweyo okungeyongozi kunye stratosphere asezantsi. Kwehayidrosfere ekhoyo yokuhlala ngumntu kubunzulu enkulu ngokwaneleyo - 10-11 km, okt phantse zonke elwandle - umthombo omkhulu wobomi. Le lithosfere iindidi zezinto eziphilayo zifumaneka ukusuka wobuso kubunzulu malunga emithathu enesiqingatha ukuya ezisixhenxe kwiikhilomitha enesiqingatha. Wawuqhutywa umlinganiselo efunekayo lobushushu kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi nomhlaba kwi kwezi parameters kwi engamanzi karhulumente aggregate. Kubunzulu ezinkulu sele kukho nto egalelwe kuphela. Nangona ubunzima umcimbi abahlala umhlaba onokuphila njengepesenti asezantsi kakhulu egalelwe, ukuba kunjengokuqhuba amandla ezingundoqo iinkqubo geochemical on Earth. Umthombo we-eneji efunekayo ukuze ukutya, kwakunye izinto bona inxaxheba umsebenzi eziphilayo, Lelona laba yintloko bume. Kwangaxeshanye, ezinye iintlobo lokuphila undiphe mba umsebenzi ekuzaleni ye lokuguqulela, umsebenzi ukuwa (ukonakala, wokuqhekeka). Ngenxa yoko, ngokutsho izazinzulu, malunga ne-10% ye-biomass incamatheliswe kwindalo, ivezwa.

Injongo esebenzayo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila

Ngokuka Vernadskii kunye nabalandeli bakhe imisebenzi biosphere ke, okokuqala, ukuba umjikelo rhoqo lweziqalelo yemichiza kujikeleziswa phakathi eziphilayo, kwehayidrosfere kunye umoya lomhlaba. Okwesibini, kwemvelo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila ngumzekelo omhle intsebenziswano enkulu yeemeko ebalulekileyo: Umhlaba njengequmrhu yasezulwini, iikhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zejoloji ehlabathini, kwemvelo kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nophuhliso abantu.