Imingeni ukuba izisombululo kunye neendlela zokusombulula kubo

Ukusombulula iingxaki izisombululo yeyona icandelo elibalulekileyo le khosi chemistry esikolweni mihla. Kubantwana abaninzi, kukho iingxaki ezithile ekwenzeni izibalo ezayanyaniswa nokungabi izimvo malunga ngokulandelelana umsebenzi. Hlalutya amagama ezithile eziquka isisombululo kule ngxaki chemistry, kunye nemizekelo izisombululo esele zenziwe.

Ipesenti yoxinaniso

Imisebenzi zibandakanya ukulungiswa kunye nesigqibo enkulu. Njengoko olu hlobo ingqalelo okuvakaliswa iindawo ngokobunzima, kunokwenzeka ukumisela umxholo kwento in isisombululo.

ubungakanani uthe luphawu ubungakanani isicombululo licetywayo ngxaki. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomsebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba limisele yoxinaniso ezintsha abazithandayo, ukubala ubunzima umba ukubala umthamo isisombululo.

Le xi izinyo

Ezinye iingxaki xi izisombululo zinxulunyaniswa nokuzimisela mali wenkqu zibe ngumqulu wesinyibilikisi. Iiyunithi eli xabiso yi nolovane / l.

Le setting Ikharityhulam olu hlobo kwenzeka kuphela kwinqanaba lesikolo aphezulu.

Ingakumbi imisebenzi izixazululo

Nazi ezinye izisombululo kwingxaki chemistry nesigqibo ukubonisa ukulandelelana yezenzo xa ukhetha umxholoQXml. Okokuqala, siphawula ukuba sinako ukwenza imizobo ukuqonda iinkqubo ezichazwe kwi eziyimpumelelo. Ukuba oyifunayo, umntu ukuzoba msebenzi itafile apho izixa lokuqala kwaye lufuneka eziziswayo.

injongo 1

Isitya equlathe iilitha ezi-5 ka-15% isisombululo wetyuwa, bathulula iilitha ezisixhenxe zamanzi. Ukumisela ipesenti yoxinaniso ukwimo kwi isisombululo entsha.

Ukuze kufunyaniswe ixabiso olifunayo, luchazwa ngegama X. Xa inani oluninzi abale umxholo kweziyobisi isisombululo yokuqala xa 5 siphindwe 0,15, sinokuyifumana 0.75 grams.

Okulandelayo esibala ubunzima yesisombululo entsha, unikwe ukuba agalelwa iilitha 7 amanzi, abuhlasele 12 grams.

Ukufumana ipesenti umxholo ityuwa isicombululo ngokusekelwe ukumiselwa eli xabiso, sinokuyifumana: (0.75: 12) x 100% = 6.25%

Omnye umzekelo umsebenzi enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwi izibalo komyinge zemathematika.

msebenzi 2

izakudityaniswa Yimalini ubhedu ngokobunzima adle kuphela intendana lobhedu ukuba ubunzima 8 kg, equlethe 13 ekhulwini metal nyulu, ukwandisa ipesenti obhedu-25%.

ezo ngxaki izisombululo zifuna kuqala ukufumanisa ubunzima bobhedu nimsulwa ingxubevange sokuqala. Ungasebenzisa isilinganiso zezibalo. Isiphumo kukuba ubunzima: 8 x 0.13 = 1.04 kg

Thatha ixabiso ezinqwenelekayo x (grams), kanti ingxubevange entsha ukufumana ixabiso layo (1.04 + x) kilograms. Chaza ubunzima ingxubevange onesiphumo, sinokuyifumana: (8 + x) kilograms.

Ingxaki Umxholo metal kwi ipesenti ingxubevange omtsha yi-25 pesenti, ungenza i'quadratic zezibalo.

izisombululo ezahlukeneyo le ngxaki ziquka ezi zinto zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa inqanaba ulwazi kwiiklasi zezifundo elinanye. Nazi ezinye iimeko kunye nezigqibo imisebenzi yalo hlobo.

umsebenzi 3

Fumana umthamo (phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo) igesi ethe yaqokelelwa emva ulawulo 0.3 Mol ye-aluminiyam olunyulu ml 160 ka-20% isisombululo potassium hayidroksayidi efudumeleyo (1.19 g / ml).

Ulandelelwano yobalo kule ngxaki:

1. Okokuqala sibone ubunzima isicombululo.
2. Okulandelayo ukubala ubungakanani kwealkali.
3. I parameters afunyenwe zithelekiswa-nye, ukunqongophala uzimisele. izibalo elandelayo olwenziwe phezu into, ubanjisiwe imithamo ayonelanga.
4. Ukubhala lenxaki ukuba indlela ezenzeka phakathi izinto ukuqala, senza amalungiselelo okuza stereochemical. Esiwenza yokubala kule nxaki.

Weight ezisetyenziswa kumsebenzi isisombululo kwealkali ngu 160 x 1.19 = 190.4 g

Ubunzima kweziyobisi iya kuba 38,08 grams. Isixa kwealkali ethathwe - 0.68 nolovane. Xa imeko ithi imali-aluminiyam 0.3 Mol, yiyo ukunqongophala langoku le metal ethile.

izibalo elandelayo bawuthwale phezu kwazo. Kubonakala ukuba umthamo igesi iya kuba 0.3 x 67.2 / 2 = 10.08 iilitha.

Imingeni ukuba isisombululo kule hlobo bafundi kubangela ukuphoxeka eliphezulu. Isizathu neotrabotannosti ulandelelwano amanyathelo, ngokunjalo kungekho iingcamango abunjwe malunga izibalo ezisisiseko zemathematika.

umsebenzi 4

Iingxaki ezinxulumene "isisombululo" kuquka inkcazelo ubuncwane ecocekileyo kwi ipesenti lwamajelo ukungcola. Nanku umzekelo umsebenzi onjalo guys abazange kuphakama ubunzima ekufezekisweni kwayo.

Bala umthamo irhasi afunyenwe phantsi amanyathelo kwe-sulphuric acid wamandla ngo-292,5 g yetyuwa nge-20% ukungcola.

Ulandelelwano yezenzo:

1. Ngenxa yokuba kule ngxaki ibhekisela ubukho-20 ekhulwini ubumdaka, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza umxholo ubuncwane ngokobunzima (80%).
2. Umisele indlela imichiza lenxaki, senza amalungiselelo okuza stereochemical. Inkcitho zazivelela igesi volume ubalo usebenzisa lo mqulu izinyo.

Weight osisiqu, ngokusekelwe yokuba kukho ubumdaka ifunyenwe 234 grams. Yaye ebudeni kubalwa lalenxaki, sifumana ukuba ncwadi ilingana neelitha 89,6.

injongo 5

Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu kwikharityhulam yesikolo kwi ingxaki chemistry kwi izisombululo? Nanku umsebenzi umzekelo ezinxulumene imfuneko ukubala ubunzima imveliso.

emanzini Lead (II), ukuba ubunzima 95.6 g, ukuba baye ngeemililitha 300 nesisombululo iperoksayidi yehidrojeni-30% (mninzi 1,1222 g / ml). Le mveliso abasabela ngayo (in grams) ...

Inkqubo zokusombulula le ngxaki:

1. Substances Solutions ukuguqulela ngokusebenzisa zobukhulu ubunzima.
2. Okulandelayo, siya kumisela isixa kwicandelo eqala nganye.
3. Emva kuthelekiswa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo, sikhetha umbandela osuswe yale ayonelanga.
4. Ubalo yenziwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokwendlela into ukuthatha kwi negative.
5. Kufana intsebenziswano chemical nokubala ubunzima into engaziwayo.

Ukubala isisombululo peroxide, kwaba 336,66 grams. Weight osisiqu liya kunxibelelana 100,99 grams. Ukubala inani abamenzelayo kuya kuba 2,97. emanzini yipeyinti 95.6 / 239 = 0.4 Mol (eziqulathwe beswele).

Kufana intsebenziswano chemical. Ukumisela ngokuvumelana scheme kwaye afumane ixabiso ezinqwenelekayo 121,2 grams.

umsebenzi 6

Fumana ubungakanani gas (Mol) leyo eziqulunqwe annealing thermal, 5,61 kg emanzini yentsimbi (II), ukuba ukusulungeka 80%.

inkqubo:

1. Thina ukubala ubunzima umnatha of Fès.
2. Bhala equation chemical reaction ne-oksijini emoyeni. Ekwenzeni ebalelwe basabela.

Ngokobunzima into enyulu iya kuba 4488, inani icandelo ibhaqe i ilitha 51.

target 7

Kwezi iilitha 134.4 (NTP) of sulphur oxide (4) Isisombululo walungisa. Ukuze kube inyuke ilitha 1.5 25% isisombululo sodium hayidroksayidi (1.28 g / ml). Ukumisela ubunzima ityuwa onesiphumo.

Ukubala algorithm:

1. Silindele weight isisombululo kwealkali ngokomgaqo wokubala.
2. Sifumana ubunzima kunye nenani abamenzelayo sodium hayidroksayidi.
3. Ukubala inani elifanayo sulphur oxide (4).
4. Umlinganiselo index sekholbheki emiselwe nokwakhiwa ityuwa kwakhiwa, ichaze engxakini. Ukubala zenziwa kwi-negative.
5. Bhala impendulo imichiza kunye okuza ukubala ubunzima entsha ngenxa yokuswela yetyuwa.

Ngenxa yoko, sifumana:

• imali isisombululo kwealkali 1171.875 grams;
• ngokobunzima sodium hayidroksayidi ukwenza 292,97 grams;
• xa zisaqala osisiqu eziqulethwe 7.32 Mol;
• efanayo ukuziphatha ukubala oxide sulphur (4), sinokuyifumana 6 Mol;
• kuthetha ityuwa lisekwa ukuhlangana;
• Sifumana 756 grams.

target 8

100 grams ye-10% isisombululo ze ammonium chloride yagcwala 100 g nesisombululo nitrate yesilivere-10%. Fumana ubunzima (in grams) kwenze.

Ukubala algorithm:

1. Thina ukubala ubunzima kunye isixa ubuncwane ammonium chloride.
2. Silindele ubunzima kunye nemali kwezinto yetyuwa - nitrate yesilivere.
3. Imisele ukuba yeyiphi izinto ukuqala athathwa hi mpimo enganelanga, ukwenza izibalo kuwo.
4. Bhala i equation yendlela zisenzeka, siya kuphumeza ukubala of mass yodaka.

Holrida ammonium lokulinganisa 10 g, inani - 0,19 nolovane. nitrate yesilivere wasiwa-10 grams, oko kukuthi 0,059 nolovane. Xa izibalo nedosttaku ukufumana 8,46 grams ubunzima yetyuwa.

Ukumelana nemisebenzi enzima, wona lawo asondezwayo kwi kankqoyi e yesithoba elinanye grade (ngesantya neogranicheskoy chemistry), kufuneka ube ngumnikazi ubuchule kwaye ezinye izakhono computer. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuba ngumnikazi netheknoloji isabelo quadratic imichiza, ukuze babe nako ukuseta iirhafu kule nkqubo.

Ngaphandle kwezi izakhono ezisisiseko, nkqu msebenzi elula ukujonga ipesenti yoxinaniso ukwimo kwi isisombululo okanye umxube uya kubonakale isidanga ezinzima kakhulu uvavanyo.