Zokuhlala emanzini

izinto kokusingqongileyo eziphilayo rhoqo badibana nezinto ezahlukeneyo izinto ziguquka. Eziphilayo bakwazi ukubonisa kwezendalo iparameters. Ekuhambeni kophuhliso yembali eziphilayo ziye kakuhle iindawo zokuhlala ezintathu. Amanzi - wokuqala babo. Kubomi bakhe yavela ekhulisa ukuba kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ground-air - medium yesibini, elavela naphaya izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ngcembe nokuguqula lithosfere, nto leyo umaleko phezulu belizwe, ukuba wadala emhlabeni, waba yokuhlala wesithathu.

uhlobo ngalunye iintlanzi ezihlala kwindawo ethile, esibonakala uhlobo lwamandla futhi umzimba, ukulondolozwa apho kubalulekile kuphuhliso eqhelekileyo. Xa imo engqongileyo, ukusongela ukungalingani umzimba ukutya amandla kunye neziyobisi, umzimba mhlawumbi utshintsha indawo yayo emajukujukwini, okanye asibeke ngokwayo xa iimeko zivuma ngakumbi, okanye utshintsho umsebenzi exchange.

zokuhlala emanzini

Asizizo zonke izinto zidlala indima elingana kubomi eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngokwalo mgaqo lungohlulwa lube eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo - kukho iimpawu mechanical kunye neguquguqukayo umhlaba kolwandle kunye namanzi, ubushushu, ukukhanya ziyalinganiselwa yaye unyityilikiswa emanzini kunye nezinye izinto.

Izinto zolwelo medium

ezihlala emanzini, ngokuba kwehayidrosfere, ithatha ukuya kwi 71% ye ehlabathini lonke. Amanzi Umthamo phantse billion 1.46. Cube. km. Kwezi, 95% - kodwa ulwandle. Amanzi ibandakanya glacial (85%) kunye komhlaba (14%). Amachibi, emachibini, amadama, imigxobhozo, imilambo kunye nemisinga nokuhlala kancinane ngaphezulu kwe-0.6% kobungakanani lilonke amanzi acocekileyo, ilele kwi 0,35% ukunyakama komhlaba kunye umphunga esesibhakabhakeni.

Indawo zolwelo abantu ziintlobo 150 amawaka (7% yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo Umhlaba) no-10 amawaka entlobo zezityalo (8%).

Kummandla we-ikhweyitha kunye nemimandla yetropika zehlabathi izilwanyana nezityalo kakhulu abohlukeneyo. Xa umgama ukusuka kwezi imimandla kwicala emantla kwaye emazantsi ubume esemgangathweni eziphilayo zasemanzini iya ahlwempuzekileyo. World eziphilayo ocean bebekelwa ikakhulu kufuphi nonxweme. Ubomi cishe ndingekhoyo amanzi ezivulekileyo, kude elunxwemeni.

iipropati amanzi

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo amanzi agqibe imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eziphilayo kuwo. Phakathi kwabo, kuqala kwiinto zonke, iipropati ezibalulekileyo thermal. Ezi ziquka obunamandla ubushushu, conductivity thermal ephantsi, kukho ubushushu eliphezulu abagxothwa ngumphunga nawawokunyibilika, nokwandiswa ipropati phambi yingqele.

Water - sijike kakhulu. Urhulumente zonke ngoku zichithakala nje abathengi ukufunxa nezinto ezingaphiliyo organic. Indawo zolwelo iququzelela ukuthuthwa kwezinto phakathi komzimba, iimveliso ukuthotywa ngoku waziwa ngamanzi.

I eliphezulu Umphezulu ukuqina amanzi igcinwe phezu komhlaba izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, Wawuzalisa ngokulungileyo emithanjeni, izityalo ngoko ezisentlabathini kwalusa.

elubala Water ikhuthaza efotosintesisi anzongonzongo kakhulu.

Amaqela Environmental eziphilayo zolwelo medium

• Benthos - ezi eziphilayo ziqhotyoshelwe emhlabeni, elele kuso okanye abahlala neetyuwa shinyi (phytobenthos, zoobenthos kunye Bakteriobentos).
• Periphyton - izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ukuba ziqhotyoshelwe okanye zigcinelwe isiqu namagqabi lwezityalo okanye naziphi na iindawo ezivukelana ngasentla emazantsi nezinejika phantsi amanzi omlambo.
• Kwizidalwa - free-ezidadayo isityalo okanye isilwanyana eziphilayo.
• Nekton - ngenkuthalo bequbha izinto kunye imilo nomzimba iimeko, sinxulumana ezantsi (squid, intlanzi, iminenga, pinnipeds, njalo njalo).
• Neuston - Cya, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo kwamanzi phakathi amanzi kunye nomoya bume. Le ntsholongwane, lenyama, ulele, kwindawo.
• Pleuston - hydrobiont ngokuyinxenye emanzini yaye ngokuyinxenye ngaphezu komhlaba. It sailboats siphonophores, duckweed kunye arthropods.

Rivers ebizwa abemi potamobiontami.

ezihlala emanzini luphawulwa iimeko bokuhlala ebomini. Ukusasazwa eziphilayo kwi nefuthe lobushushu elikhulu, ukukhanya, amanzi, uxinzelelo, iigesi lichithakale, kunye neetyuwa zayo. iimeko abahlala emanzini aselwandle kwaye yelizwekazi zahlukile kakhulu. Ulwandle sisihle ngakumbi bume kufutshane isisombululo nokomzimba. amanzi Continental kuba abemi zabo kangako kakuhle.