Imiphumo global warming. Yeengcinga, izimvo, uqikelelo izazinzulu

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazinzulu ezininzi zithi Earth kwenzekayo kukufudumala okukhawulezayo kwehlabathi. Le nkqubo ubona ngamnye kuthi. Ngapha koko, utshintsho kwimozulu kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje ebusika kwimali, intwasahlobo uza kade, kwaye ihlobo maxa wambi kushushu kakhulu.

Kodwa nangona imiphumo global warming ebhalwe Imigqaliselo ezininzi ngenzululwazi niyijikeleza le sihloko nayo mpikiswano engenasiphelo. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu on Earth uya kuhlasela "Ice Age." Abanye zenze uqikelelo ezingentle, ngoxa abanye bakholelwa ukuba nemiphumela emibi warming nezehlabathi ethandabuzekayo ukuba umhlaba. Ngubani na? Makhe zama ukulungisa lo mba.

Ingcamango global warming

Yintoni definition inokunikwa kule kota? Global warming yoMhlaba - inkqubo apho ukunyuka kancinane iqondo yonyaka kuthetha kumphezulu inwebu emoyeni. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokunyuka xi greenhouse gases, kodwa ngenxa utshintsho kumsebenzi elanga okanye mlilo.

Ingxaki atmosfera iye ngokukhethekileyo useza uluntu zasehlabathini kwinkulungwane yama-20 emva kwexesha. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, abaninzi baye ezinxulumene kuphuhliso lwamashisini, yaya kwi-atmosfera, methane, icarbon dioxide kunye nezinye iigesi ezininzi ebangela yi greenhouse effect. Yintoni na le nto?

greenhouse effect - oku amaxabiso kwanda kuthetha umoya lobushushu yonyaka kwiinginginya ngenxa kwindlela ekwakugquba ngayo ukukhula khona zomphunga, methane, njl Ezi gesi i uhlobo ifilimu ezifana zokugcina Injengokubengezela idlula lula ngokusebenzisa imitha yelanga kwaye igcina ubushushu ... Nangona kunjalo, kukho intabalala yobungqina yenzululwazi ukuba unobangela warming jikelele Earth andixoki kuphela xa kukho greenhouse gases esibhakabhakeni. Kukho yeengcinga ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye kubo ingasiwa ngokuqiniseka okuphelele. Cinga ezo ngxelo wenzululwazi, okufanele ingqalelo kakhulu.

hypothesis №1

Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba unobangela wobushushu kwihlabathi kwiplanethi yethu kulala ukwanda kumsebenzi elanga. Xa le nkwenkwezi bezulu sivame ekuthiwa amabala ilanga, nto leyo imele nto yimbi ngaphandle intsimi eyomeleleyo ngemagnethi. Le nto ibangela utshintsho phantsi kweemeko zemozulu.

Akukho namnye leminyaka, bezulu, oosonzululwazi baye ukubala ukuvela kwi amabala ilanga. Ngokusekelwe kwezi idatha eliNgesi E. Mondoro wenza isigqibo umdla ngo 1983 ukuba ebudeni kwiinkulungwane 14-19th, ezo maxa wambi ebizwa yobudala encinane umkhenkce, le nto kweli imizimba yasezulwini zabhalwa. Kwaye ngo 1991, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi i-Danish Meteorological kufundwe "sunspots", ibhalwe phantsi kwinkulungwane yama-20. Le Isiphetho engagungqiyo. Izazinzulu ziye yaqinisekisa ukuba kukho unxulumano ngqo phakathi utshintsho kobushushu ehlabathini kunye nomsebenzi elanga.

hypothesis №2

ngeenkwenkwezi yesiYugoslav Milankovitch kwacetyiswa ukuba global warming kungenxa yotshintsho komzila apho Umhlaba lijikeleza ilanga. Isiphumo kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye engile ukujikeleza umhlaba.

iinkalo ezintsha kwi indawo isindululo Umhlaba na ukuba imzisele utshintsho esikalini imitha le planethi, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, xa imozulu yayo.

Ifuthe elwandle zehlabathi

Kukholelwa ukuba ngumtyholwa yokutshintsha kwemozulu eMhlabeni ulwandle. element wayo amanzi - enkulu-isikali inertial elanga ibhetri amandla. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba Ebubanzini phakathi elwandle kunye ungqameko olungezantsi yeegesi, kunomfana ubushushu olunzulu. Oku kukhokelela kutshintsho lwemozulu ebalulekileyo.

Ukongeza, amanzi olwandle imalunga ikhulu elinamanci mane ezigidi neetoni yachithwa carbon dioxide. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo i element engena emoyeni, naye ephembelela imozulu, ukudala greenhouse effect.

mlilo esebenzayo

Ngokutsho izazinzulu, omnye ezibangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi umsebenzi mlilo. Ngexesha ziqhume emoyeni kuza isixa esikhulu le carbon dioxide. Oku ngunobangela yenyusa umyinge amaqondo obushushu.

Lubizwa System Solar

Omnye wonobangela warming jikelele Emhlabeni, ngokutsho izazinzulu, hayi zihlolisiswe ngokupheleleyo intsebenziswano ekhoyo phakathi Ilanga kunye neeplaneti ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yayo. utshintsho lobushushu emhlabeni ukusuka yezinikezelo ezahlukeneyo ze kuvela amasimi omxhuzulane neentlobo ezininzi zamandla.

ayikho into eyatshintshayo

Phakathi izazinzulu kukho uluvo, nokuba atmosfera, kuye kwenzeka ngokwawo, ngaphandle impembelelo yabantu kunye naziphi na iimpembelelo angaphandle. Lo mbono kwakhona unelungelo lokuba khona, njengoko umhlaba wethu - kuba yinkqubo enkulu kwaye inzima kakhulu eninzi izinto ezahlukeneyo noshowo. Abaxhasi lo mbono wazakhela imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo zemathematika, kokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhla zendalo umaleko ngaphezulu kunokuba ukusuka degrees-0 ukuya ku-4.

Ukumsola umntu;

Unobangela uthandwayo global warming kwiplanethi yethu umsebenzi yabantu ngakumbi kakhulu ukuba uguqule ubume eekhemikhali emoyeni. umoya elizele ngakumbi greenhouse gases Namashishini.

Ukuxhasa eli hypothesis bathi amanani ezithile. Inyaniso yeyokuba kule minyaka ili-100 idluleyo ubushushu avareji emoyeni asezantsi liye landa nge degrees 0.8. iinkqubo zendalo, eli zinga liphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba phambi kokuba olu tshintsho lwenzeka phezu nkulungwane ngaphezu kwesinye. Ngaphezu koko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isantya sokukhula kobushushu umoya liye landa kakhulu.

abenzi okanye iqhinga lokwenyaniso?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kude kube sekupheleni kwaye ayikwazi kusonjululwa lo mbuzo olandelayo: "Ukufudumala Global - Ngaba Ngokwenene?". Kukho uluvo lokuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu - nto nje iprojekthi yorhwebo. Imbali yesihloko yaqala ngo-1990 Ngaphambi koko uluntu ndoyika amabali kukududuzela malunga zinemingxuma ozoni, akhiwa ngenxa yobukho emoyeni ka Freon. Okuqulethwe yile yigesi esemoyeni kwaba okungenamsebenzi, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, le mbono wathabatha ithuba US Abenzi iifriji. Abazange ukusebenzisa Freon ekwenziweni iimveliso zayo kwaye kwakhokelela imfazwe ongenalusini nxamnye okhuphisana. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani baseYurophu baqalisa ukubuyisela Freon enganeno isasetyenziswa eninzi, ukwandisa iindleko iifriji.

Namhlanje ingcamango warming jikelele esandleni imikhosi ezininzi yezopolitiko. Ngapha koko, inkxalabo kuba bume unako ukuzisa nezikhundla zabo abaxhasi ezininzi eziya kufumana amandla alithandayo.

zigigaba

Uqikelelo izazinzulu malunga neziphumo ukuba umhlaba wethu uya kuba yintoni utshintsho lwemozulu, edidayo. Ngenxa yobunzima kwiinkqubo ezenzeka ehlabathini, le meko ukuze aphuhlise phantsi izilinganiso ezahlukeneyo.

Ngenxa yoko, kukholelwa ukuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu ziza kwenzeka ebudeni kwiinkulungwane kunye zeminyaka. Oku kwakungenxa yobumbaxa kobudlelwane phakathi iilwandle nomoya. Ezi nezihlanganisi amandla enamandla ayikwazi ngokutsha ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kodwa kukho nenye mzekelo, apho wobushushu kwihlabathi kuya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwi planethi yethu. Iqondo lobushushu umoya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-21 ziya ziyenyuka ukuba kuthelekiswa 1990, ngomlinganiselo degrees 1.1 ukuya 6.4. Oku kuzakuqala ukunyibilika kakhulu womkhenkce Arctic Antarctica. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi neelwandle ziya kwandisa inqanaba yakho. Le nkqubo ulandelwe namhlanje. Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngowe-1995 ukuya ku-2005. Ebubanzini amanzi ezilwandle Uvukile yi-4 cm. Ukuba le nkqubo akuthethi thoba isantya layo, lo izikhukula xa ukufudumala kwehlabathi uba Akunakuphikiswa ukuba kumazwe amaninzi unxweme. Ingakumbi yarweca kwiindawo ezihlala abantu elise Asia.

Iinkqubo zotshintsho lwemozulu kwi United States asentshona nasemantla Europe kubangela ukwanda nezihlandlo neenqwithela neemvula. On kula mazwe kabili kungenzeka ngakumbi kwinkulungwane yama-20, iinkanyamba kuya emsindweni. ziya kuba yintoni na iziphumo warming lwehlabathi Kwimeko enjalo eYurophu? On iindawo yayo engundoqo iya kuba kwemozulu ziyatshintsheka ebusika ezifudumeleyo kunye nehlobo lemvula. KwiMpuma nakumaZantsi Europe (kubandakanywa kwiMeditera) Kuya kubonwa nobushushu nembalela.

Kukho kwakhona uqikelelo izazinzulu, njengoko apho utshintsho lwehlabathi iimeko zemozulu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi aya kukhokelela kobubi elifutshane. Oku kuya kuba negalelo deceleration imisinga efudumeleyo zibangelwa ukunyibilika komkhenkce CAPS. Yaye luyakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuyeka ezo abathwali kakhulu amandla elanga, nto leyo eya kuba unobangela kokuqala ngumkhenkce yobudala elandelayo.

Imeko ecaleni okubi ingaba nozipho greenhouse. Oku kuya kubangela ukuba lenguqu ukuya umoya carbon dioxide equlethwe Ebubanzini Yehlabathi Ocean. Ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokuba kukunyibilika komkhenkce of permafrost methane iqala ukugqama. Kwiingcamba ziseza ojikeleze umhlaba usenziwa esinombala umboniso, yaye amaqondo obushushu aya kunyuka kugqithiso enkulu.

Imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kokukhatywa amanyathelo angqongqo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi greenhouse kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kwamaqondo ngonyaka kuthetha ngu degrees 1.4-5.8 ngo 2100 kakade. Imiphumo wobushushu kwihlabathi kuya kuchaphazela ukwanda ngamaxesha imozulu ishushu kakhulu, nto leyo eya kuba kakhulu ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu zabo elide. Ngaphezu koko, le meko ezixutywe kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo iplanethi yethu.

Zeziphi iimpembelelo ibiqikelelwe ye warming jikelele kwihlabathi izilwanyana? Ukutshintsha indawo yazo yokuhlala iya kunyanzeleka ukuba yoonombombiya, zamanzi amabhere, ezisetyenziswa ukuba siphila ezibandayo. Noko ke, iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana izakulahleka nje, ukuba abakwazi kwimo engqongileyo entsha.

Kwakhona, wobushushu kwihlabathi kuya kubangela utshintsho lwemozulu ehlabathini lonke. Ngokutsho izimvo kubaphandi, oko kuya kubangela nokukhula kwenani izikhukula, ebe njengesohlwayo iinkanyamba. Ukongeza, 15-20% unciphiso imvula ehlotyeni, ibangela kohlaza iindawo ezininzi zezolimo. Kwaye ngenxa yokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nenqanaba iilwandle yamanzi imimandla umda yendalo kuya emntla.

Yiyiphi imiphumo warming zehlabathi umntu? Kwixesha elifutshane, ukutshintsha kwemozulu esongela kubantu abanengxaki amanzi okusela, kunye ukulinywa komhlaba wezolimo. Kwaye ke kukhokelela ekwandeni kwenani kwezifo ezosulelayo. Kwaye kuvuthelwa ibalulekileyo iza ukwenzakaliswa kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, leyo, isimiso, aliyi kwamkela naziphi na izigxeko ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu oluzayo.

Ngokutsho izimvo kubaphandi, malunga nezigidi ezithandathu abantu nganeno ngaseludinini yindlala. Ngo 2080, i-Chinese kwaye Asia ungavavanya i ingxaki yokusingqongileyo, okubangelwa utshintsho kubume kwemvula kunye ezihambayo nawokunyibilika. Le nkqubo inye iza kukhokelela zizikhukula ziziqithi ezininzi ezincinci kunye nemimandla yonxweme. Le ndawo ezithandwa zizikhukula, kuya kuba zomyalelo ikhulu lezigidi zabantu, abaninzi kubo anyanzelwa ukuba bafuduka. Izazinzulu ukuqikelela yokuduka nabanye States (ezifana ne-Netherlands kunye Denmark). Kusenokwenzeka ukuba amanzi kunye inxalenye eJamani.

Xa global warming ixesha elide, mhlawumbi kuba linyathelo elilandelayo kwemvelo. ookhokho bethu neengxaki ezifanayo ngaloo maxesha xa ubudala ice emva lobushushu luphakame izinyuko ezilishumi. utshintsho ezinjalo kwiimeko abaphila kukhokelele ekuyilweni impucuko yanamhlanje.

Neziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu iRashiya

Abanye abemi bethu bakholelwa ukuba wobushushu kwihlabathi kuya kuchaphazela kuphela abahlali kwamanye amazwe. Ngapha koko, Russia - ilizwe kunye nemozulu ezibandayo kunye nokwanda kwamaqondo air iya kuzuza kuphela. Ukunciphisa iindleko zokufudumeza ekhaya kunye nezityalo mveliso. nenzuzo yayo kulindeleke, kunye nezolimo.

Yintoni, ke, izazinzulu sisiphi ukuba kwamaqondo obushushu kunye neziphumo zayo iRashiya? Ngenxa ngobungakanani mmandla kunye neentlobo enkulu ziyafumaneka kwi nemimandla yawo zemozulu lotshintsho yezulu uya kuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwezinye iingingqi, baya kuba HIV, kodwa kwi enye - negative.

Umzekelo, i-avareji leentsuku 3-4 kweli lizwe kufuneka incitshiswe ngexesha ubushushu. Kwaye iya kubonelela imali amandla ebambekayo. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye yaye baya kuba nalo elinye nefuthe kwamaqondo obushushu kunye neziphumo zawo. Kuba Russia, oku kusongela ukwandisa inani leentsuku kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye nditsho amaqondo ezibalulekileyo. Kule meko, oku kuya kwandisa iindleko isixhobo kunye nezakhiwo mveliso. Ukongeza, ukukhula kwamaza ubushushu ezinjalo ziya kuba into ezimbi yingozi kwimpilo yabantu, ingakumbi abo bahlala kwizixeko ezikhulu.

Global warming buya isisongelo kwaye sele kudala iingxaki kunye ukunyibilika le permafrost. Ukunqamka okunokwenzeka kule ndawo iyingozi kwizithuthi nobunjineli izibonelelo, ngokunjalo nezakhiwo. Ukongeza, ngexesha ukunyibilika le permafrost siya kuba inguqu kubume kunye nokusekwa amachibi thermokarst kuwo.

isiphelo

Kusekho akukho mpendulo article lo mbuzo ulandelayo: "Yintoni na Ukufudumala Global - Ngaba Ngokwenene?". Noko ke, le ngxaki kakhulu uvalo, yaye sifanele ngenyameko. Ngokutsho izimvo kubaphandi, oko ngokukhethekileyo wazibonakalisa 1996-1997, xa abantu kwakunikelwa eziliqela izinto ezi- ezimbalwa imozulu nezikhukhula malunga 600 ezahlukeneyo, izaqhwithi, akukhona kunye esigquthezayo, imbalela kunye neenyikima. Ngexesha le minyaka, i element sabangela umonakalo izinto omkhulu mali ka-billion mathandathu zeerandi yaye wathabatha elinanye lamawaka ubomi.

Ekusombululeni ingxaki wobushushu kwihlabathi kufuneka zibe kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nxaxheba loluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye ngoncedo kurhulumente karhulumente ngamnye. Ukugcina impilo emhlabeni, abantu kufuneka amkele inkqubo amanyathelo anokuthathwa, esinika zokubekwa kweliso nokwenziwa kwengxelo nge nganye izigaba zalo ukuphunyezwa.