Izinyithi awana umhlaba: inkcazelo emfutshane

izinyithi awana nomhlaba zizinto ezivela iqela yesibini lwezakhi. Ezi ziquka izinto ezifana calcium, nemagnesium, barium, beryllium, kwiteksti, kunye Radium. Igama eli qela kubonisa ukuba avelise ukusabela obrak emanzini.

neemethali zomhlaba kwealkali obrak, okanye mandithi ityuwa zabo, zande ngokwendalo. Bona zimelwe kwezimbiwa. Le Okungumahluko Radium, nto leyo kuthathwa into enqabileyo.

Zonke ezi izinyithi ngasentla ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezikuvumela ukuhlanganisa kubo kwiqela elinye.

neemethali zomhlaba zealkalini kunye neempawu zomzimba

Phantse zonke ezi zinto kukho eziqinileyo umbala nombala (ubuncinane phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye lobushushu voice). Phela, iimpawu ebonakalayo zesinyithi kwealkali zahluke kancinane - ezi izinto nangona kakhulu ukumelana, kodwa kulula edangatyeni.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kunye nenombolo ulandelelwano etafileni likhula yaye icandelo intsimbi mninzi. Umzekelo, kule iqela isalathiso lisezantsi calcium, ngelixa Radium ingxinano efanayo ayina.

izinyithi awana emhlabeni: Chemical Properties

Kuba isiqalo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukunyuka umsebenzi amachiza ngokungqinelana inani lothotho inani le lwezakhi. Umzekelo, beryllium i element kakhulu ukumelana. Xa indlela mpilo kunye halogens iza kuphela ukufudumeza olomeleleyo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo le wemagniziyam. Kodwa calcium bakwazi oxidize ngokucotha nokuba kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi. Eziseleyo ezintathu Iqela elimele (Radium, barium, kunye kwiteksti) basabela ngokukhawuleza ne-oksijini emoyeni nokuba kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukugcina ezi zinto, nesigubungelo inwebu separafini.

oxides Umsebenzi kunye hydroxides lwezi methali ukunyuka ngendlela efanayo. Umzekelo, beryllium hayidroksayidi ayikho enyibilikayo emanzini kwaye kugqalwa into amphoteric, kwaye barium hayidroksayidi i kwealkali noko womelele.

neemethali zomhlaba zealkalini kunye neempawu zazo emfutshane

Beryllium sisinyithi enganyangekiyo umbala ukukhanya ndiyingwevu, ukuba zinetyhefu kakhulu. Into yokuqala kubonakele ku 1798 yi ekhemesti Vauquelin. Kwindalo, kukho izimbiwa eziliqela beryllium, apho edume kakhulu zezi zilandelayo: nekrizolite, Phenacite, danalite kunye chrysoberyl. Phela, ezinye izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo beryllium babe yemisebe eliphezulu.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ezinye iintlobo lekrizolite matye ezixabisekileyo jewellery. Oku kuquka nekarbhunkolo, aquamarine kunye heliodor.

Beryllium isetyenziselwa ukwenza ezinye aluminiyamu propellant. Xa ishishini amandla enyukliya , le element lisetyenziswa isantya neutron.

Calcium yenye edume zesinyithi obrak zomhlaba. Ngendlela esulungekileyo ke izinto ezithambileyo kunye ubuhle umbala ithinti omhlophe. I-calcium ukuqala bunyulu labiwe 1808. Kwindalo, lwesi sakhi ekhoyo ngohlobo izimbiwa ezifana nezemarmore, lekalika kunye gypsum. Calcium sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ubuchwepheshe bale mihla. Oku enokusetyenziswa njengomthombo amafutha imichiza, kwakunye nezinto enganyangekiyo umlilo. Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba calcium compound ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izinto zokwakha kunye namayeza.

Le element nalo iqulethwe zonke eziphilayo. Ngokusisiseko, oko banoxanduva lwesixokelelwano musculoskeletal.

Magnesium sisinyithi okulula nangokwaneleyo oluthambileyo nge eyahlukileyo umbala kuphawu greyish. Xa uhlobo yayo enyulu oko ngo 1808, kodwa ityuwa yayo yaba yaziwa kakhulu ngaphambili. Xa iimeko zendalo, nemagnesium uqulathwe izimbiwa ezifana Magnesite, dolomite, carnallite, kieserite. Ke kaloku, ityuwa nemagnesium inika yobulukhuni amanzi. A isixa esikhulu imichiza weli inokufumaneka olwandle.