Ubungqina ngemvelaphi yomntu kwizilwanyana. Imfundiso entsha ngemvelaphi yomntu

Ubungqina indoda ezivela ezilwanyaneni ngokuqiniseka ukuqinisekisa imfundiso yokuzivelela kaCharles Darwin. inkqubo izimvo anthropogenesis, eyaqala ukwenza kumaxesha amandulo, unenzondelelo utshintsho olubalulekileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Biology: Imvelaphi Human

Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuba iminyanya Homo sapiens zizilwanyana. Nale mbono uyavuma-nzulu Galen. Phakathi komntu kunye nezilwanyana alihlutha iinkawu. iimfundiso zabo waqhubeka eyaziwa taxonomist uKarl Linney. Yena wakhetha uhlobo efanelekileyo kunye uhlobo kuphela "isilumko". Zhan Batist Lamark wacebisa ukuba ukuba kubalulekile ukuze anthropogenesis. Igalelo nezibaluleke kakhulu ukuza kwimfundiso Darwin wenze, becaphula ubungqina obucacileyo ngemvelaphi yomntu kwizilwanyana.

Anthropogenesis kwenzeke ngamanyathelo eziliqela ezilandelelanayo. Le yamandulo, yamandulo nasekuqaleni abantu mihla. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ubungqina bokuba Bahlala kunye namanye, zikhuphisane ngenkuthalo. Abantu abaninzi bamandulo abazange ukwakha izindlu, kodwa bakwazi ukuvelisa izixhobo ezenziwe ngamatye yaye nasekuthwaseni zentetho. IsiZukulwana Next - a Neanderthal. Babehlala bengamaqela, bakwazi ukwenza iimpahla ngaphandle ngezikhumba zezilwanyana kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ithambo. Cro-Magnons - abantu bokuqala mihla, babehlala kwizindlu self-akha okanye nemiqolomba. sele bafunda zomdongwe, waqalisa domesticate izilwanyana zasendle kunye kukhule izityalo. Ubungqina utshintsho yendaleko iziphumo yokomba ngezidalwa zamandulo, ukufana embryology, nokwakheka morphology kwabantu nezilwanyana.

paleontologists Found

Izazinzulu ziye kudala banomdla kulo sihloko. Ngemvelaphi yomntu kwizilwanyana becala ukubonisa iifosili yazo yi paleontologists. Phakathi kwazo kukho iintlobo ezifanayo mihla, kunye neentlobo zotshintsho. Umzekelo, Archeopteryx - yascheroptitsa. Kuba lomntu avtralo- kunye driopithecus. Ngokubanzi, ubungqina yefosili bubonisa ukuba ihlabathi ephilayo ngokuhamba kwexesha kuba nzima ngakumbi. Isiphumo sale nophuhliso lo mntu namhlanje.

ubungqina biogeography

Into yokuba abantu bavela iinkawu, uze ubonise ubungqina isayensi lifunda ukusasazwa njengotyani Umhlaba kunye nezilwanyana. wabiza biogeography. Izazinzulu baye bafumana ipateni article: umbono ephilayo ngayo kwimimandla ekwanti planethi ukuba zahluke kakhulu abanye kwaye ifumaneka kuphela uluhlu ethile. Inkqubo yendaleko kwabo ngokungathi imisiwe. uhlobo nkqubo ibizwa relict. Imizekelo iquka le platypus e Australia, Tuatara e New Zealand, ginkgo bilobate e-China kunye Japan. Xa kwamathambo, kakhulu, jonga. Le yenye iimfihlelo ezininzi umdla yendalo - a Kubikula.

Ukufana kophuhliso osandul

Ubungqina ngemvelaphi yomntu kunobangela zezilwanyana embryology. Bona ezisekelwe ubukhulu becala kwiziphumo yokuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimpawu ezifanayo zophuhliso osandul. Ngenxa yoko, umbungu zonke chordates ezifanayo kubume yokwakheka kunye morphological. Zinelungelo notochord, uvaleke kunye slits kumculo emqaleni. Kwaye kwinkqubo yophuhliso, ngamnye kubo kuthatha phezu neempawu ngamnye. Xa abantu, uvaleke uguqulwe ingqondo kunye umnqonqo, lo kuvuka kwamacandelo skeleton, kunye slits kumculo zizinto ayegqunyelelwe, uvumela uphuhliso lula.

ubungqina Ukuthelekiswa-yokwakheka

Iimpawu yesakhelo sangaphakathi eziphilayo nako ukufunda biology. Imvelaphi yomntu kunye nezilwanyana ingqina ezifanayo eziqhelekileyo yesakhiwo abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Ezinye magunya homologous. Zinelungelo isakhiwo eqhelekileyo, kodwa abe imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba yalityatya ngokwamathambo phambi intaka, zinamaphiko kwezimvu isandla. Xa abantu, kukho oludala, amalungu ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo ngethuba zazivelela baye balahlekelwa ixabiso zokusebenza kwabo. Le amazinyo ubulumko, ithambo coccygeal, ijwabu wesithathu, izihlunu ukuba yisa iindlebe kunye neenwele ezweni. Ukuba kwinkqubo yophuhliso osandul zisenzeka yokudla, ezi amalungu nga kha. simanga kuthiwa atavism. Imizekelo yalo multimammate, imbonakalo esiqhubekayo iinwele, lokungaphuhliswa uthinte ingqondo, imbonakalo nomsila.

Ukufana i karyotypes

Zofuzo nayo ibonisa ukuba abantu bavela ezinkawini. Okokuqala, kuyinto isethi diploid zofuzo. Xa iinkawu , nguye 48, ngelixa abameli lweentlobo Homo sapiens - 46. Oku kububungqina engenakuphikiswa imvelaphi yomntu kwizilwanyana. A pair 13 zofuzo kuyafana. Ngaphezu koko, ukufana kwi acid acid ukulandelelana protein molecule yoluntu imfene ifikelela 99%.

Inyathelo ekudalweni nasekusungulweni

UCharles Darwin eziphilayo nezentlalo imiba ye ngendaleko womntu. Iqela lokuqala luquka umzabalazo sobukho, ukhetho zendalo yokwahluka kwemfuza. On nesiseko sayo, ukuphuhlisa imibandela yezentlalo - ukukwazi ukusebenza, impilo, intetho enentsingiselo kunye nekhono lokuhlaziya. UCharles Darwin wacinga njalo.

Kulo mzekelo, lo mntu namhlanje wazuza iimpawu ngazo ukufikelela kukuba zazivelela. Oku kwanda Cerebral nokunciphisa kummandla yobuso ye lukakayi, Isifuba, atshabalalisa ngo dorsoventrally. Large umnwe ngesandla yabantu kuthelekiswa kwabanye ephathelene ne ukukwazi ukusebenza. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba siye sapapashwa kwaye bipedalism. Ngoko ke, umnqonqo iye begoba ezine agudileyo, kwaye unyawo enhle. Inika ukunceda xa uqhuba. Amathambo isinqe wathabatha uhlobo ngezitya, njengokuba yena uvakalelwa xi onke amalungu zangaphakathi. Ngokunxulumene nokufika yokuthetha senzeka kwi cartilages kwingqula kunye nemisipha.

Kukho ingcamango entsha ngemvelaphi yomntu. Ngokutsho le ndoda evela iinkawu le Miocene. peculiarity yayo kukuba kude umhlaba izigidi zeminyaka babehlala emanzini. Ubungqina le mfundiso ngokwamandla akhe ukubamba umoya wabo ixesha elide, inspiratory kwaye igcinwe phezu komhlaba. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje zithandwa kakhulu ukuzalwa ngamanzi. Abaxhasi le ndlela bakholelwa ukuba lo mntwana kakhulu bekhululekile kwiimeko apho oko ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngakumbi.

Xa ihlabathi eninzi zombini abaxhasi kunye abachasi thiyori ngemvelaphi yomntu kwizilwanyana. Noko ke, ubungqina kwale nkqubo izimvo anthropogenesis amaninzi ngokwaneleyo kwaye ikholisa.