Lwenkawu yaMandulo apho umntu wavela

Ukufana lakhe iinkawu waqaphela, mhlawumbi, kunye nabantu zamandulo. Kodwa, ukufumana umfanekiso ngakumbi oluphucukileyo ngakumbi umntu ezama ukuba aqonde imfene okanye gorilla ezifana ngokufana naye, kuba waqonda ngokukhawuleza ngokwalo njengoko isithsaba kwendalo creator ongusomandla. Xa ingcamango yendaleko, zilindeleke lokuqala sapiens link imvelaphi nezo Homo zaye, baye badibana umathuko, yaye ngokufuthi uxabene. lwenkawu yamandulo ifumaneka ekuqaleni Tari_pedigree kwezinye IsiNgesi inkosi, ndaqonda ngazo uburharha ilungileyo. Namhlanje, isayensi iye izinyanya ngqo kweentlobo zethu eyayiphila kwiminyaka million 25 eyadlulayo.

entweni eyodwa

Ukuze bathi abantu bavela iinkawu, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono yokufundwa mihla - inzululwazi womntu, imvelaphi yakhe, uthathwa ukuba ayichanekanga. iintlobo zabantu bavela pervolyudey (zibizwa ezibumnturha), nto leyo ezozinto ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zebhayoloji, kunokuba nyani. prachelovek First - Australopithecus - uvele kwiminyaka million 6.5 eyadlulayo, inkawu yamandulo aqheleka lwethu mihla iinkawu ezinkulu ukhokho - malunga nezigidi ezingama-30 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Iindlela zokufunda ezimbiwa ihlala - ubungqina kuphela esekhona zezilwanyana - zisoloko ukuba ngcono. Nyani endala zingaqondwa zihlelwa isiqwengana yomhlathi okanye izinyo elinye. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni kwisikimu ngendaleko yabantu kukho iiyunithi ezintsha zokuncedisa umfanekiso jikelele. Kuphela kwinkulungwane xxi, ngaphezu kweshumi ezinjalo izinto ezifumaneka kwimimandla ezahlukahlukeneyo planethi.

ngezigaba

Ezi Ukufundwa mihla zihlaziywa rhoqo, nto leyo eyenza utshintsho ukuhlelwa lweentlobo apho umntu akhoyo. Oku kusebenza kwiiyunithi eneenkcukacha ngakumbi, inkqubo iyonke kuhlala ayigungqi. Ngokutsho iimbono yakutshanje, umntu bobabo ukuba udidi ezanyisayo, indlela obeku-, suborder Ezi nkawu, usapho hominid, xhego, uhlobo kunye zenyathi Homo sapiens (Nomo sapiens).

Classification ekufutshane "izalamane" yomntu - umbandela ibunzi. Enye khetho ingakhangeleka ngolu hlobo:

• Group of obeku-:
  • Prosimians.
  • Le nkawu:
    • Dolgopyatova.
    • Of Yehlabathi Elitsha.
    • World Old:
      • lwenkawu ziigusha.
      • ezibumnturha:
        • ponginae:
          • Orangutan.
          • orangutan Borneysky.
          • orangutan Sumatran.
      • hominin:
        • gorilla:
          • igorila Western.
          • igorila mpuma.
        • imfene:
          • imfene Common.
          • imfene Pygmy.
        • abantu:
          • Homo sapiens.

Imvelaphi lwenkawu

Ukumisela ixesha elichanileyo kunye nendawo imvelaphi iinkawu, kwakunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi, kukho ufana umfanekiso ngokuthe ngcembe ivela Polaroids. Kufunyenwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo planethi liqhuma zincedisana umfanekiso jikelele, nto leyo iya kucaca. Ngelo efanayo ixesha baqonda ukuba zazivelela ayikho umgca ngqo - oko kunokuba efanayo ityholo apho amasebe amaninzi eziphelweni abafileyo. Ngoko ke, kude kube nokwakhiwa ubuncinane Zinjengeqhezu ngokucacileyo indlela ukusuka ezanyisayo zakudala primatopodobnyh Nomo sapiens usekude lee, kodwa kukho amanqaku reference eziliqela.

Purgatorius - incinci, enkudlwana akukho ngaphezu mouse, isilwanyana wayehlala imithi, lusidla izinambuzane kwi-Upper Cretaceous kunye nexesha Paleogene (kwiminyaka yezigidi 100-60 eyadlulayo). Izazinzulu ndaninika lona ukuya phezulu chain izinto zazivelela of obeku-. Wafumana kuphela Ekuthwaseni imiqondiso (yokwakheka, zokuziphatha, njl), uphawu iinkawu: ubuchopho amakhulu, iminwe ezintlanu nemilenze, ukuchuma ephantsi kunye nokungabikho zikhwelwe, zezitya, kunye nabanye.

qala ezibumnturha

lwenkawu yaMandulo, ookhokho anthropoid, washiya imizila ukusuka Oligocene kade (kwiminyaka yezigidi 33-23 eyadlulayo). Abazange waligcina iimpawu yokwakheka of nkawu Old World wakhuliswa zesayensi kwinqanaba elisezantsi: mfutshane indlebe emisele, ngaphandle, kwezinye iintlobo - ubukho ngumsila, ukungabikho siswele zobungcali lomzimba kwaye ezinye iinkalo isakhiwo amathambo kwi xibilili nasezinyaweni.

Phakathi kwezi zilwanyana eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye phakathi prokonsulidy indala ngazo. Iimpawu ze isakhiwo amazinyo, lo ngumlinganiselo kunye nemilinganiselo intamo kunye ukunyuka xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo isebe lakhe zobuchopho ukuba izazinzulu-paleoanthropologists prokonsulidov athethwa irobhothi. Kule hlobo nkawu zokubasa namabamba, kalepiteki, geliopiteki, nyanzapiteki kunye nabanye. La magama asiwe kwasekwa uninzi lwamagama iiyunithi eendawo, kufuphi apho kwafunyanwa amaqhekeza ezimbiwa.

Rukvapitek

Uninzi ifumana amathambo kakhulu paleoanthropologists ntoni kwilizwekazi le-Afrika. NgoFebruwari 2013, kwanikelwa ingxelo izazinzulu paleoprimatologov ukusuka kwi US, Australia kunye Tanzania kwiziphumo kwimingxuma kwi Rukwa entlanjeni ntshona Tanzania. Bengafumananga isiqwengana umhlathi elisezantsi kunye amazinyo ezine - iintsalela yezidalwa wahlala khona iminyaka yezigidi 25.2 eyadlulayo - ukuba lo yayingunyaka engxondorheni apho kokukhangela ivunjululwe.

Ngomhla iinkcukacha ubume imihlathi amazinyo kwafunyaniswa ukuba umnini ilungu iinkawu abangekaphuhli anthropoid le prokonsulidov yosapho. Rukvapitek - ngoko ke ngukhokho ezibumnturha sele igama, i iinkawu endala efosili, ngokuba yena iminyaka 3 million ngaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na enye bafumanisa de 2013 paleoprimatov. Kukho nezinye izimvo, kodwa oxhulumene nesibakala sokuba izazinzulu ezininzi bakholelwa prokonsulidov abantu bakudala kakhulu ukuchaza anthropoid yawo. Kodwa lo mbuzo yokuhlelwa, enye ixakayo kwinzululwazi.

driopithecus

Xa ixesha neetyuwa zomhlaba Miocene (kwiminyaka yezigidi 12-8 eyadlulayo) eMpuma Afrika, iYurophu kunye China sele kufunyenwe iintsalela zezilwanyana ukuba izazinzulu paleoanthropologists unikwa indima kwesebe yendaleko of prokonsulidov kwezi ezibumnturha. Driopithecus (Greek "Drios." - emthini) - le lwenkawu ekuthiwa yamandulo eyaba ngukhokho oqhelekileyo bangafani, iigorila kunye nabantu. Isenzeko kunye ukuthandana ukuvumela ukuba siqonde ukuba ezi nkawu khangela efana kakhulu bangafani mihla ziye yakhiwa yaba labemi enkulu, kuqala e-Afrika kwaye ke ngoko saa kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya.

Ukwanda 60 cm, ezi zilwanyana zizama ukususa le nemilenze, kodwa ubukhulu becala wahlala phezu kwemithi yaye i "iingalo 'elide. Indawo yakade driopithecus nyani wadla amaqunube kunye neziqhamo, njengoko lulandelayo isakhiwo imihlathi eyayingazange obukhulu kakhulu lwawo umaleko. Oku kunokubonwa driopithecus ulwalamano ezingathandabuzekiyo ndoda, kwaye ubukho ephuhliswe kakuhle amazinyo canine kwenza ukhokho ngokukhethekileyo hominid neyomnye - bangafani kunye gorilla.

Gigantopithecus

Ngowe-1936, amazinyo inkawu engaqhelekanga eziliqela ngengozi yawa ezandleni paleontologists, akuphuhlanga kakuhle womntu. Baye ibe imbangela ngenxa kukuvela iinguqulelo izinto zabo ezikhoyo ukusuka kwisebe olungaziwayo yeMinyanya yendaleko woMntu. Esona sizathu siphambili ukuvela mibono yaba yobungakanani kwamazinyo - kabini ke njengoko amazinyo ezininzi igorila. Iingcali ziqikelela kwabonakala ukuba abaninizo ukukhula ngaphezu kweemitha 3!

umhlathi lonke amazinyo ezifanayo, kwaye iingxilimbela yamandulo inkawu ngayo neminqweno wokufa ibe lesayensi kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwiminyaka engama-20. Emva kokuba Umbhalo ngqo nangaphezulu, uyafumana, kwacaca ukuba iinkawu ezinkulu ezazikho ngexesha elifanayo Pithecanthropus (in Greek "pitekos." - inkawu) - lwenkawu, oko kukuthi, malunga 1 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Kuye Kucetyiswa ukuba - zomawokhulu ngqo kwabantu inxaxheba yokuduka kunayo yonke ekhoyo ehlabathini zeenkawu.

iingxilimbela herbivorous

Uhlalutyo yokusingqongileyo apho iingceba amathambo isigebenga afunyanwa, kwaye isifundo ngokwalo emihlathini amazinyo lwabonisa ukuba ukutya esingundoqo Gigantopithecus bakhonza bamboo kunye nezinye izityalo. Kodwa kuye amatyala ibonakele emqolombeni, apho bafumana amathambo iinkawu, izilo, iimpondo neempuphu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ndiyaqonda izidla apho. Xa apho, kunye nezixhobo ilitye elikhulu.

Ulandele kwisigqibo esisiso: Gigantopithecus - lwenkawu ukukhula yamandulo kweemitha ukuya ku-4 nezinobunzima nesiqingatha setoni - omnye yesebe hominization kungaqatshelwanga. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ehambelana ngexesha impilo yabo kunye yokuduka kwezinye iingxilimbela irobhothi - australopithecines Afrika. imbangela - iziganeko zezulu zibe esibulalayo ukuba ezibumnturha ezinkulu.

Ngokutsho iingcamango ekuthiwa-cryptozoologists (isiGrike: ". Kryptos" - imfihlelo, efihliweyo), abanye abantu Gigantopithecus wasinda ukuya kumaxesha ethu, yaye kukho kuzo nzima ukuya kwiindawo zabantu komhlaba, isishiya kwebali i "Yeti", Yeti, Bigfoot, almasty njalo njalo.

iindawo ezimhlophe biography of Homo sapiens

Nangona kukho inkqubela e paleoanthropology, ezikwi yendaleko, apho kwindawo yokuqala nekuhlala iinkawu amandulo, ukusuka apho kwakukho umntu, kukho ukusilela oluhlala luhleli ukuya kwiminyaka kwesigidi. Bona kuchazwe engekho amakhonkco kunye lwezenzululwazi - yemfuza, ekuzakuqalwa, yokwakheka, njl -. Qinisekisa ubudlelwane kunye neentlobo yangaphambili ezilandelayo ezibumnturha.

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ngokuthe ngcembe ezi amatshatshazi amhlophe kwimbali imvelaphi womntu uya kutshitsha, yaye uza kuba ekuqaleni komhlaba okanye kaThixo impucuko yethu, apho ngamaxesha kubhengezwa amajelo zokuzonwabisa akunanto yakwenza nenzululwazi yokwenene.