Silwanyana - kukuba ngohlobo ubomi?

Kwindalo kukho eziphilayo ogama bungu ezincinane kangangokuba ukubona ngeliso lenyama ngayo nje akunakwenzeka. Bona babonwe zizazinzulu kuphela iimikroskopu ukwanda ngamandla (ngokulandelelanayo, avuleka kuphela wayila zezi zixhobo).

Ungubani na ke?

Silwanyana - igama ehlangeneyo. Ubungakanani leentsholongwane kakhulu boqobo - ngaphantsi kwe 0.1 mm. Ngenxa yoko igama layo. Micro-eziphilayo - yinto nje ubukhulu becala. Ngokutsho ezi ngcali, kweli qela zezi coreless kwaye (archaea neentsholongwane) kunye eukaryotes, ngokunjalo nomngundo ethile, ulele. Kodwa hayi iintsholongwane, izazinzulu ngokuqhelekileyo ukwahlula iqela eyahlukileyo.

design

Phantse wonke silwanyana - ngaba isakhiwo olunye-ezineseli, ngokuhlakanipha yasungulwa kwaye ezimile ngemvelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ntsholongwane iqanjwa iseli enye. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko; phakathi kwabo kukho multicellular, nto leyo imele ingqokelela leeseli, ezifana nomxokelelwane. Hi ndlela leyi, kukho ehlabathini kwaye macro-eziphilayo ukuba iyabonakala ngeliso lenyama, kodwa kuba iseli enye.

yokuhlala

Iintsholongwane - Cya na nabalulamileyo kakhulu. Ukuba angaphila eyibeke ngobukho nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Iintsholongwane baphila kumhlaba kwaye elwandle kwaye emoyeni, kwaye imizimba nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ukuze iintsholongwane ezibalulekileyo zokuhlala kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo; zeendawana iqulethe izondlo, ukufuma kwakonele ubomi, kungekhona elangeni ngqo (njengoko boyika ukuphefumla yelanga esetyenziswa iyeza kweentsholongwane ezi zidalwa ezincane).

Ku umhlaba

Kakade ke, inani elikhulu iintsholongwane emhlabeni. Xa nehumasi zendalo iimeko phantse kokufanelekileyo ukuba ubomi kwiseli enye. Apha ukutya eninzi, ukufuma ngcathu, yaye akukho kwelanga ngqo. Ukuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo, umhlaba ungayidlulisa ze basasaze akukho namnye iintlobo ezincinane. Oku ikakhulu saprophytes kunye saprophagous - iintsholongwane ababandakanyekayo kwegazi kwezinto kwindalo, ukucazulula iintsalela abafileyo bezinye izinto ezibonelela izityalo ukutya. Ukubunjwa microflora kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye imelwe iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo. Le archaea kunye spirochetes, kunye nezithombo blue-eluhlaza. Apha ubomi kunye nomngundo, kunye neentsholongwane. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba sandstones mali eyinhloko aerobic novunduvundu - anaerobic. Inani iintsholongwane emhlabeni, ukuqhekeza zonke iingxelo. Enye gram wamatye (ngokutsho indlela luyawudyobha iintsholongwane omashini Vinogradskii) uyakwazi ukubona amakhulu ezigidi zabantu, ayibonakali ngeliso lenyama. Ukuze "ubale" lomzimba, ukuba ayiqabe yikhompawundi okhethekileyo, yaye ngoko ke ngokucacileyo ibonakala ngemicroscope. A chernozem osisityebi Ezi abantu besukelana billion amabini gram nganye lomhlaba. Enyanisweni, le ntsholongwane ngokwabo ukudala, kungekhona okomzuzwana ayeke iinkqubo zebhayoloji kunye nokuguqulwa kwezinto.

Amanzi nomoya

Silwanyana - kukudala elisezantsi-mali yesondlo sabantwana. Njengoko sele uyazi, iintsholongwane ubomi nayiphi na imeko, apho kubonakala kubo ngaphezulu okanye nomtsalane kangako. Oku kukwasebenza izithuba lwamanzi (ingakumbi xa kukho isindululo esebenzayo yamanzi). Apha kwamagciwane yanelisekile enye engundoqo parameters - kukhona ukunyakama, ngaphandle apho Akunakwenzeka ukuba akwenze. Kwaye ke ukutya amachibi kunye nemilambo, iilwandle kunye neelwandle ze iintsholongwane ezininzi ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngoko, xa amandla ezaneleyo, a iigram ezimbalwa yamanzi inokuba nezigidi ezincinane. Phakathi kwabo - kwaye iyingozi kakhulu ukuba abantu.

• Salmonella Iyandonwabisa isisu. Emva kokoyiswa umntu iintlungu kwi zesisu phecana, ifiva, kunye nokugabha. Njengoko zilwe iintsholongwane eziyingozi asebenza ngenkuthalo iziphumo ze yelanga eyingozi kunye ithumba elide.
• Shigella - i-arhente causative segazi. Xa sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi lifinyele inqanaba ukumelana umzimba uyawa nezifo. Eyona engundoqo Iimpawu: ukugabha, isicaphucaphu, urhudo. Kwakhona esetyenziselwa iintsholongwane unyango ubushushu kusetyenziswa lukanina elide, ukuhluza.
• ikholera Vibrio. Nangona kukholelwa ukuba kule mihla isifo ngokubanzi, yoyisa bacterium nangoku zifumaneka kwindalo (emanzini, umzekelo, okusingqongileyo), kwaye isoyikiso kubomi babantu. UThintelo - nokubilisa, izihluzi, yiultraviolet ukukhanya.

Kwakhona, abaninzi bacterium emoyeni, kodwa bume zisetyenziswa ubukhulu becala ukuhamba esithubeni, Lungisa imimandla emitsha. Ngenxa amasuntswana lincinane lenkwenkwezi kunye ukufuma yibhaktheriya njengoko indanda emoyeni, ngamanye amaxesha silwe imigama ezinkulu kuwa imvula emhlabeni kwaye kukho sele zenze ngamathanga zabo.

ulwelwe Blue-eluhlaza

Ukususela ukwahluka micro-eziphilayo ezihlala emanzini, ibe kuchongwa ulwelwe ingakumbi blue-eluhlaza. Hi ndlela leyi, lona lisiza babizwa ngokungachanekanga, umalunga iintsholongwane kunye icyanobacteria kuthiwa ngoku. Oku micro-ephilayo - kuba kumnombo ngqo stromatolites, Igciwane wahlala umhlaba iminyaka engaphezu kwama-billion ezintathu. Icyanobacteria - kuphela amagciwane zefotosinthesis, yona ngenxa nokusekwa kwe-oksijini. Ziquka ngombala yiklorofili kunye phycocyanin, sinikela umbala oluhlaza-eluhlaza. Le ntsholongwane ezisasazwa kwindalo. endaweni yawo - nezitya zamanzi, inxalenye konxweme, amatye ekrwada, amaxolo, umhlaba. Ziquka iintlobo ezininzi. Kodwa ke inkalo ephambili kunye nexabiso icyanobacteria ezihlala kuyo yonke indawo - ukukhululwa ioksijini yi photosynthesis. Ngoko ke ngqo, kunye nabanye abameli enezityalo inxaxheba ekubunjweni koMhlaba. Yaye kumaxesha amandulo, ngokutsho abaphengululi mihla, iminyanya ezi Cya ngokoqobo wadala ngokuthe ngcembe lo moya iplanethi yethu.

Cya ngoku izifo

It ngesiseko iintsholongwane, nto leyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunokubangela umonakalo, kodwa kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo "cala." izidalwa ezinjalo zemvelo bekuthi emzimbeni womntu, bakha izihluma abe nenkani. It enterococci, E. coli, Staphylococcus kunye nomngundo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ababonayo babe ebangela isifo, oko kukuthi ezibangela izifo. Kodwa emzimbeni lomntu ophile okukwazi ezilungileyo ngokuqhelekileyo alwenzeki.