Isigqibo ngeengxaki okuhambisa. umgaqo D'Alembert kaThixo

Njengoko inzululwazi olwahlukileyo ukukhanda yeengcingane yimfundiso olumanyanisa imithetho jikelele motion ngomatshini kunye impefumlelwano imizimba eziphathekayo. Ukuqulunqwa kwale nzululwazi ekuqaleni safunyanwa njenge icandelo physics, ethatha njengesiseko kuba axiomatic, iyafumaneka kwisebe eyahlukileyo ye nenzululwazi yezobugqi.

Ngesisombululo iingxaki malunga nemiba ngaphakathi sikhokelo ubucukubhede theoretical mbandela lula kakhulu usebenzisa umgaqo d'Alembert. Ihlala yokuba kukulungelelanisa onke amandla asebenzayo, leyo ngokuvumelana kwindawo kwenkqubo mechanical, kwaye abasabela ngayo iibhondi ekhoyo kungenxa kuthathelwa ingqalelo abo babizwa ngokuba namandla inertia. Ngokwezibalo, oku kubonakaliswa njengoko summation zonke izinto ezidweliswe apha ngentla, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zero.

Sam D'Alembert Leron Jean (1717-1783) esaziwa ehlabathini njengokuba utitshala omkhulu, lowo uphumelele impumelelo enkulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi. Mathematics, ubucukubhede, intanda ndenziwa analysis of engqondweni yakhe imibuzo. Ngenxa imisebenzi D'Alembert yachukumisa iinkqubo eziphathekayo (umgaqo D'Alembert kaThixo), echaza zibalo zabo umehluko, ezizezi ekwenzeni imithetho. yena Jean Leron bugwetyelwe perturbation ingcamango iiplanethi, wazinikela ingqalelo kakhulu ekufundweni le ngcamango series umehluko zibalo, uhlalutyo zezibalo. A kazwelonke French, D'Alembert waba lilungu yekhethelo bezinye iintlanga St Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Ukugqwesa umphengululi engumFrentshi abasungula le siseko zokusombulula iingxaki oluntsonkothileyo zentshukumo, nayo leyo ibizwa ngegama lakhe, ilele kukuba, ngenxa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ukuze kuqwalaselwe iinkqubo zeentshukumo ukuba asebenzise iindlela ezilula ngakumbi ubucukubhede manani. Ngenxa ekunyaniseni Ubukho balo mgaqo (umgaqo D'Alembert) ifumene isicelo liphela practice zobunjineli.

Siza kusebenza umgaqo ka d'Alembert ukuba indawo eziphathekayo

Ukuseka indlela efanayo, lifunda ze algorithm ngomatshini enye kunceda umgaqo D'Alembert. Kule meko akukho uxhomekeko nayiphi na imiqathango ebekwe phezu kwayo. Dynamic umehluko zibalo sesindululo ukuya uhlobo lwe kwizibalo kuvuselele. Umzekelo, ukuthatha ngokuba iimviwo nonfree ezithile M izinto ngongoma leyo wenza intshukumo ecaleni kwigophe AB kwi ngenxa isenzo imikhosi esebenzayo kunye nomphumela F, enokusetyenziswa notation N ukuba amandla reaction (ifuthe curve AB kwi M). Ukwazisa amandla F, N, wena kule nxaki esisiseko echaza Dynamics ingongoma, sinokuyifumana nenkqubo convergent oluvakalisa imeko kuvuselele kwinkqubo ethile. Ixabiso F lichaza amanyathelo of namandla inertia kwaye engenaxabiso. Oku ukusetyenziswa d'Alembert umgaqo kwi izibalo ngokuphathelele kwindawo eziphathekayo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngale ndlela sifumana kakhulu imikhosi nisondelelane quadratic enemiqathango, isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa imikhosi inertia le nkqubo. Kodwa ke phezu kwalo, d'Alembert siseko lunika isisombululo lula kwaye kulula ukuba iingxaki okuhambisa.

Ukusebenzisa umgaqo D'Alembert kwindlela mechanical

Ekubeni iphumelele iziphumo ezidibanisayo kwi Dynamics le ngxaki ukuze ufumane indawo eziphathekayo, ngokukhuselekileyo sinako ugqithele kuguqulelo ngxuba ingxaki, esebenzisa umgaqo d'Alembert inkqubo ngoomatshini.

Inxaki kuba nkqubo kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka lenxaki le ngongoma. Umahluko kubalulekile kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ukubalwa inkqubo loomatshini ndanyanzeleka nangaliphi na ixesha kubandakanya ukufumana isiphumo zonke impi mali yendlela kunye nobudlelwane imikhosi indawo inertia.

Ukusebenzisa iindlela kunye nemigaqo ingasentla ayizange iphele kuchasene nomthetho esisiseko physics. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba kukho umlinganiselo othile befuna ukuba kube lula ukuthatha izigqibo. akazange abonakale Le ndlela ngaphandle ndawo, zonke izigqibo eziphambili zisekelwe phezu engundoqo imithetho Newton, imigaqo German-Euler abe uphuhliso yalo nemigaqo d'Alembert.