Iimpawu ezisisiseko amaza

Ngowe-1865, yamachiza IsiNgesi odumileyo uYohane. Maxwell, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo umsebenzi ukufundisisa Faraday ka- magnetic field, kuthiwa hlamusela ithuba ubukho kumacandelo afana kungekho imisinga kunye neentlawulo, uhlobo lwabo. Uqwalaselo Intsimi umthombo igagasi. Ngokufundisisa iimpawu amaza, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ulwazi olunomdla: isantya kuxhomeke kokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, emoyeni, kuba malunga nama-300 amawaka. Km / s. Ekubeni eli xabiso ingqamana isantya lokukhanya, kunokwenzeka ukuba Maxwell ukucinga ukuba ukukhanya luhlobo amaza. Oku kamva yaqinisekiswa imifuniselo of Hertz. Phambi kokuvela kwethiyori Maxwell kaThixo nakholwa ukuba ukukhanya ebonakalayo, -X-reyi, yiultraviolet, unomathotholo nje radiation ezinxulumene. Enyanisweni, iimpawu kwamaza lixhomekeke zabo ubude. Uluhlu ngokuqhelekileyo yohlulwe ngokwamacandelo, nganye luphawulwa obubonakala.

Iimpawu amaza ezikhethekileyo ngenxa yentsebenziswano yabo into eqhelekileyo luchazwa amacandelo amabini - electric kunye ngemagnethi. Ngoko, kwi nencum magnetic, nto leyo azinampembelelo yangaphandle, zombini namasimi ziyahluka kumacala azo kwaye iinqwelo-moya leyo nkqo ulwalathiso andise lencinibakazi. Basic iimpawu of kagesi lamaza izipho ezininzi kuThixo lemiboniso, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo umthombo. Cinga ezinye zazo. Zibelula ukumela amava yokwenene-ihlabathi, ngoko engqondweni sisebenzisa izixhobo ezimbini - radio wave Umvelisi radiation zokukhomba kunye receiver. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iziphumo zisebenza kuzo zonke iindidi ngamaza. Ukwazi iimpawu amaza ezinokuthi ilawulwe ngendlela oyifunayo.

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ngamnye wethu ujongene reflection ngemihla. Umzekelo, ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba iselula walahlekana kwisiseko sesikhululo, hamba nje egumbini ngeendonga zamafu eziphathekayo, okanye kwindlu ikheshi eqhelekileyo. Ukubuyela nokuhlola, ukuba samaza kunye ngumamkeli zazibekwe kwi-engile enye kwenye, ngoko ke umqondiso akayi ibhaqe (emitter zemiyalelo). Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba indawo kuhlangana mabini aqhelekileyo imigca (kwicala kumda wesangqa) of the yesinyithi nembasa, umamkeli zokubambisa ekukhanyeni, oko kukuthi, akukho obonakalisa. iimpawu ezifanayo amaza kwenziwa i utsho nokulingana engile lweziganeko reflection.

Lo mhlaba ulandelayo - loo nto refracted. Xa indawo lowo kunye nomthombo zokukhomba xa eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo, uphawu asiyi kubanjiswa. Kodwa ukuba phakathi kwabo ukuba amagaqa iparafini, yonke le nkqubo isebenza. Oku kungenxa notshintsho kwicala andise kwamaza kumda phakathi ezimbini Heating imidiya (air neparafini).

Ngaphezu koko, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye iswitch. Ukuba iipleyiti ezimbini metal amalungiselelo kufutshane omnye komnye, ukwakha engile izidanga kancinane ngaphantsi kwe-180, ngoko ke ukukhutshwa ngamaza erediyo kwi umamkeli sheet ukubamba umahluko ngamandla kuxhomekeke ukubekwa yayo ngokubhekiselele sheets. A Umzekelo ezaziwayo-kakuhle - esityeni satellite. Yeyona 'ipleyiti' inyusa umqondiso, kukuqokelelwa lokutshangatshangisa saa kwaye ingqondo kubo receiver.

Enye inkalo ezaziwayo-kakuhle - diffraction. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngenxa yoko uyakwazi ukusebenzisa radios. YaMava kulandelayo: phakathi generator kanye umamkeli wasibeka metal imbasa, apho umgama ophakathi kwabo - ubuncinane. Ngenxa yoko, akukho umqondiso, njengoko kubonisiwe kwipleyiti wabuyela le generator. Kodwa ukuba kwalutyhutyha emacaleni samaza ipleyiti kunye receiver, uphawu iyavezwa. Oku kwenzeka ntoni na imiqobo ngenxa kwipropati kwamaza.