Eyona ndlela le nguqulelo ibandla uBhishophu Nikon: iziphumo kunye nexabiso

NgoJulayi 1652, ngemvume kakumkani kunye Grand iNkosana All Russia Alekseya Mihaylovicha Romanova, uMphathi eMoscow All Russia sele Nikon (kwihlabathi ogama Nikitoy Mininym). Wathabatha indawo kasolusapho kaYosefu, lowo wafa Aprili 15 kunyaka omnye.

Ngexesha itheko lonikezelo, kubanjelwa kwingcinga Cathedral, Nikon iye ukuba i Boyar Duma nokumkani isithembiso non-uphazamiseko kwimicimbi zebandla. Ngesi senzo ke wasinda wenyuka etroneni ibandla, phakamisa kakhulu intembeko yayo emehlweni kwabasemagunyeni kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo.

igunya Union akuyiwa neecawa

Nokuthamba yokumkani kulo mba luchazwa iinjongo ezithile;

• ubambe utshintsho ibandla, ukuze ibandla ngakumbi ngathi kwanakumGrike: ukwazisa izithethe ezintsha, zeeteksi, iincwadi (phambi kokwakhiwa uBhishophu Nikon e ngukumkani san wasondela kuye ngenxa yale mbono, kwaye usolusapho yayikukwenza mxhasi yakhe);

• sisigqibo iingxaki nkqubo langaphandle (imfazwe kunye Poland kunye begazi kunye Ukraine).

Ukumkani walamkela imiqathango Nikon, kodwa wavumela usolusapho inxaxheba ekusombululeni imiba ebalulekileyo yoluntu.

Ngaphezu koko, UAlexis Nikon oluhlakaziweyo isihloko "umlawuli ezinkulu", oko ngaphambili yanikwa kuphela Filaret Romanov. Ngenxa yoko, Alexis kunye uMphathi wangena umfelandawonye kufutshane, ukufumana ukuba iimfuno zabo kunye nezibonelelo.

Qala notshintsho

Ukuba ubhishophu, Nikon waqalisa ngenkuthalo zithene zonke iinzame kuyiphazamisa imicimbi ecaweni. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ehlokomayo azixhokonxa ukumkani lokuphelisa 1650s likwazile ukuphumeza iqela amanyathelo ukuba uyicacisile iimpawu ezingundoqo uhlaziyo Nikon kaThixo.

Qala utshintshwano kwenzeka ngo-1653, xa Ukraine yaba yinxalenye karhulumente Russian yenziwe. Akuzange ngengozi. Ukulahlwa yedwa lo mzobo zonqulo ekuthethwa utshintsho kwimisitho ezimbini eziphambili. zohlaziyo Church of kasolusapho Nikon, eli leyo ukutshintsha perstopolozheniya aguqe, va ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• caba kwafakwa esinqeni;

• dvoeperstnoe uphawu lomnqamlezo, yamkelwa eRashiya kunye ubuKristu kwaye iyinxenye svyatoapostolskogo isiko, indawo troeperstiem.

I ntshutshiso lokuqala

Amanyathelo okuqala kuphuculo kwebandla zaye ayixhaswa yi ngegunya kwibhunga lecawa. Ngapha koko, ngokupheleleyo yatshintsha iziseko yesiko eziqhelekileyo, uthathwa sisalathisi ukholo lokwenyaniso, yaye yabangela iliza yokubhabhama kunye ukunganeliseki phakathi abefundisi kunye amarhamente.

Eyona ndlela iphambili nguqulelo ibandla uBhishophu Nikon kube ngumphumo izinto phezu kwetafile, ukumkani waya ezikhalazo ezininzi, ingakumbi evela noogxa bakhe bangaphambili kunye nogxa kwinkonzo yecawa - uLazaro, Ivana Neronova, Deacon Fedor ivanov Protopopov Daniila, uHabhakuki Loggin. Noko ke, Alexis, ukuba ngoxolo kunye kasolusapho, akazange athathe isikhalazo ingqalelo, kwaye eyintloko yebandla, bakhawuleza ukunqanda uqhankqalazo: UHabhakuki wathunyelwa eSiberia, Ivan Neronov entolongweni Spasokamennom Monastery kunye nombingeleli uDaniyeli wathumela Astrakhan (phambi kokuba baphangwe isikhundla sakhe umfundisi).

Loo Iinguqu isiqalo embi kwanyanzeleka Nikon ukuba ngokutsha iindlela zabo kwaye baqhubele ngabom.

amanyathelo elandelayo ngokuxhaswa ngegunya uMphathi ngoobhishophu yesiGrike icawa kunye kwibhunga lecawa. Oku wadala ukubonakala ukuba izigqibo zenziwe kwaye igcinwe yiCawa yobu eConstantinople, nto leyo eye yalomeleza ngokubonakalayo nefuthe lazo kuluntu.

Ukusabela ukuguqula

Eyona ndlela iphambili nguqulelo ibandla uBhishophu Nikon kwabangela uqhekeko ibandla. Lithembekile eyayiyixhasa okufakwa kweencwadi nkonzo, ezintsha kwimisitho, ibandla ezintlwini babizwa nikonianami (novoobryadtsev); ophikisayo, wakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa wesintu kunye nemigaqo zonqulo, ebizwa ngokwayo Old Amakholwa Ritualists Old okanye Orthodox yamandulo. Kodwa nikonianami, sibambe ukusekelwa kasolusapho kunye ukumkani, wathi iqela gqiphu iinguqu, uqala athethe ityala ngenxa ukwahlulwa ecaweni. ibandla lakhe enye ingqalelo esiqhelekileyo, obudala.

indawo uMphathi

Bishop Nikon, ngaphandle imfundo ephucukileyo, iye ingqongwe wumbi ngokubopha izazinzulu, phakathi kwabo kukho indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa Arseny isiGrike, ofundileyo yi-bamaKatolika. Ukuya kwi-East, wasamkela unqulo Mohammedan, emva kwexesha elithile - Orthodox, uze emva koko - yamaKatolika. Lowo wathunyelwa woonongendi Solovetsky ngenxa yokuba imbuka yingozi. Noko ke, Nikon waza waba yintloko yebandla, kanye wenza Arseniya Greka umncedisi wakhe oyintloko, nto leyo ebangela ukuba nimkrokrele phakathi kwabantu yobu Russia. Ekubeni abantu abaqhelekileyo ayikwazanga aphikisane kasolusapho, ukuba kukhuselekile ukuba alawule izicwangciso, ngenkxaso kakumkani.

Eyona ndlela le nguqulelo ibandla uMphathi Nikon

Eyintloko yebandla abazange banikele ingqalelo kule ukunganeliseki yabemi Russia ngezenzo zawo. Yena ngokuzithemba wahamba waya injongo, ekuphumezeni ngokungqongqo ezintsha kwi kwezenkolo.

iinguqu imiyalelo ibandla uBhishophu Nikon ukubeka loo nguqu:

• ngexesha lokukhula ubhaptizo, lomtshato, unyango yokumisela kwenziwa elangeni (ngoxa izithethe ezindala ityala lakhe kwelanga umqondiso ukulandela uKristu);

• iincwadi ezintsha egameni loNyana kaThixo ibhalwe ngesimbo Greek - uYesu, kanti ke iincwadi ezindala - Yesu;

• kabini (augmented) Haleluya liye lathatyathelw 'indawo triple (Tregub);

• endaweni semiprosforiya (inkonzo Ungokobuthixo kwi ezisixhenxe ezingenagwele yezonka) yaye yaqaliswa pyatiprosforie;

• iincwadi zonqulo ziye zapapashwa ngoku wamaJesuit izindlu yoshicilelo lwe eParis kunye yaseVenice, hayi ezikopishwe ngesandla; Ukongeza, ezi ncwadi zithathwa ukuba nembono, yaye amaGrike wababiza pogreshitelnymi;

• okubhaliweyo i Creed kuhlelo lwe iincwadi zonqulo eshicilelwe eMoscow kuthelekiswa abalinganiswa itekisi ebhaliweyo kwi sakkos Metropolitan uPhotius; umahluko afumaneka kwezi zicatshulwa, kwakunye nezinye iincwadi, kwakhokelela ekubeni Nikon ugqibe ukulungisa kwaye wenze le phatheni iincwadi zonqulo zamaGrike.

Ngoko bonke zonke kwakukhangeleka ngokutsha yabefundisi of uMphathi Nikon. Amakholwa Old isiko liya kuyasetyenzwa kwakhona. Nikon kunye nabaxhasi bayo awusebenzisileyo phezu kutshintshwe iziseko yamandulo ibandla kunye nemibhiyozo ezithathwe ngexesha Ukubhaptizwa Russia. ijike akazange igalelo ekukhuleni wegunya kasolusapho. Intshutshiso ubunzima ngenxa azo izithethe amahasa abantu, kukhokelele yokuba imiyalelo eziyintloko Ushintsho ibandla uBhishophu Nikon, njengaye, waba zazingawuthandi abantu abaqhelekileyo.