Iintlobo lohlukanisa

Ingcamango yehlabathi wolingano- wavakalisa abaphengululi ngaphezulu yamandulo eGrisi, China ne India. inzala ekongeni yolingano kule mihla ngenxa yokuba limela sexesha kwi inzululwazi Yindibanisela iingqiqo ezininzi ngenzululwazi, zibonakala saa, abaqhagamshelwe kwenye umfanekiso engqinelanayo sayondelelana zehlabathi.

Le lohlukanisa of izazinzulu ezininzi zithetha ezi mpawu angundoqo ukuba njengokuba ixesha, indawo, intshukumo. Iintlobo macala ingaba: a block; geometry; linamandla. Lohlukanisa okunokubonakaliswa ukungaguquleki (invariant).

Yolingano-physics ibonakalisiwe hayi kuphela ngohlobo ezilula (zejometri) ulingano, kodwa kananjalo entsonkothileyo kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ulingano eliguqukayo, ngamanye lawo na enxulumene correlations spatio-temporal, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo leendibano.

Kweli qela ukulingana phakathi kwezahlulo wonke lo myalelo kunye umyalelo onokugula okunjalo nga kumiselwa zilandelayo symmetries: ulingano; asymmetry; dissymmetry; antisymmetry; supersymmetry.

Asymmetry - ukungabi macala. Enyanisweni, akukho ulingano ngokwenene asymmetry. Ezi abamelene zisoloko ngomanyano dialectical kunye nomzabalazo rhoqo. Kumabakala ahlukeneyo nasekusungulweni umcimbi ilawula ulingano, lo asymmetry, kodwa kusoloko le mikhwa emibini ningayisondezi yintswela dialectical nomanyano.

Dissymmetry - kukunqongophala kwezibonelelo ezinye iimpawu macala. Ngokutsho Pasteur, dissymmetric nga ngokuba isafobe yokuba ayikwazi ukudityaniswa ukunyanzelwa umfanekiso esibuko. Inqanaba yolingano yento kunokuba ezinemvume enkulu.

Antisymmetry - sisichasi wolingano- macala. It linxulunyaniswa ukutshintsha umqondiso: a yamasuntswana - antiparticle, dibanisa - thabatha, omhlophe - black, ucinezelo - ukugogeka njalo njalo.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini oko yasungulwa ingcamango supersymmetry, naphakanyiswe zezibalo Russian Gelfand kunye Lichtmann. ingcamango zabo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Xa kummandla wethu, kukho nenkalo njengesiqhelo, ke ngoko, kusenokubakho phezu-ledayimenshini, kulinganiswa kokubizwa-manani Grassmann ukuba kakhulu ezingaqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, xa izibalo yethu yesiqhelo ezisibhozo siphindwe olithoba aza kufana ukuba ndayandisa ezilithoba ukuya kwezisibhozo. Kwimathematika, Grassman "a" liphindaphindwe 'c' iya kuba thabatha "kwi" iphinda phindiweyo ngo 'a'. Oku busenza ukuba ubukho icala nokungokwezibalo "antiworlds" ezithile twatsa.

Iintlobo macala ukuze ithathelwe ingqalelo imisebenzi isimetri ekuthiwa njalo-. Yaba imisebenzi efana-moya bubhalwe; ukujikeleza malunga axis; kubonakala ziko; screw amathuba, kunye nabanye.

lohlukanisa mazwe ibizwa ngokucacileyo zimelwe eziphilayo. Omnye umzekelo woku macala omhle kwaye ezakheke inzima iipateni emaphikweni butterfly.

Wavuka lohlukanisa mazwe ngokunxulumene neemfuno ze-ephilayo ukuba kwisithuba ngokuhambelana neenjongo ezithile. Oko kwabuchaphazela ikakhulu amalungu sesindululo: imilenze izigcawu, intlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, izinambuzane, ezincancisayo kunye ezirhubuluzayo, amaphiko amalulwane neentaka, amaphiko e lampreys, squid, seals, intlanzi, dolphins and whales.

Nemizimba ukulawula intshukumo, luvo womntu kunye nezilwanyana, nathi, sibe macala efanayo. Ngokucacileyo, ukuba kulula ukulungelelanisa imilenze, amaphiko okanye amaphiko ukuze ukuhamba inxaxheba jikelele isithuba ngaphandle zingagilani izinto ezahlukeneyo, nokugcina intsalela umzimba, ukwenza kwendiza ngqo uze wenze nezinye iintshukumo.

Ngenxa yoko, siye saxubusha iindidi macala.