Obizwa Chemical: amandla okanye ukhubazekile

Yintoni ovuthayo? Le igcwala ixhaphakileyo, umchiza epetroli mpilo. Kodwa wadibana ne-oksijini phantse zonke izinto, yaye basabela njani ukuqala (kwaye ndiyabulela ukulunga). Ngoko ke, nje kancinane reactants, kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo kwezinye iimeko. Oku ukwenza obizwa imichiza.

Le isayensi ilula kakhulu, kwaye ngexesha elinye yenye ubhetyebhetye, singasebenza isimo ezininzi kunye neenkqubo zenzeka okanye musa kwenzeke .... Nantsi akafuni nokuva ukuba ukusombulula imithetho kwale nzululwazi. nezimaphambili ezingundoqo obizwa imichiza ilula. Yaye musa babonakala sizigxeke, ngokutsho Einstein. Oku izazinzulu abaneziphiwo ngokungaqhelekanga bakholelwa ukuba le yeyona oluthembekileyo iingcamango iphela.

Njengoko sisazi kumava, ezininzi iinkqubo khemikhali ungaya ngokuzenzekelayo. Okokuqala, abaphandi baye baqaphela ukuba abaninzi esisabela uqale ngokwabo, kunye ukukhululwa ubushushu zenzeka. Noko ke, bahluke Jikela indlela exothermic kunye spontaneity yayo, njengoko kanti, kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba kukho indlela oqala kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kwaye kunye nokufunxwa ubushushu, basabela iqala ngokuzenzekelayo kakhulu.

Indlela ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni? Ngaba indalo lidla ukunciphisa amandla? Nzima, chemical obizwa uthi eneneni okusingqongileyo akayithandi amandla minimum kunye lokudlela esiphezulu! Kaloku, abanye abantu solidarity nendalo.

Ngaba disorder linokuchazwa ngokuthi ngokungqongqo? Kubonakala ukuba oko kunokwenzeka, isebenzisa ingqikelelo "entropy". ekhemisi zaso, zesayensi bumbongorha ngokuba "Utolo kwexesha". Kutheni? Ekubeni iinkqubo kunye nokwanda entropy ngokuzenzekelayo ukuya kwicala elinye kuphela. Kwaye kubanikela vuhlayiseki. Ezi iziseko obizwa imichiza. Uyakwazi ukubona umahluko kwiinkqubo mechanical. Umzekelo, ukuhamba iibhola kwi ngelaphu ungaskrolela emva ividiyo - kwaye iya kukhangela zincomeka. Kodwa ke ukuba niya kubona njani uya umhlwa ukusuka isikhonkwane okanye wambuyisela sparkler, nina nangoko ndaqonda ukuba oku kuyinyaniso, oko akwenzeki. Kakade ke, lo mzekelo lo awenzelwa ukuba ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kubekho ukwenyuka entropy iba uhlobo "Utolo kwexesha".

obizwa Chemical akukho liphuhlise isixhobo eyayiza ukuqinisekisa inqanaba entropy, oko ukusa kumkhamo othile ingqiqo lentelekelelo. Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala, kuba le mfuneko ukwazi utshintsho ekufudumaleni ngexesha indlela kunye lobushushu apho kuza kubakho utshintsho. Kutheni lobushushu kuthathelwa ingqalelo? Isibakala sokuba isantya isindululo amasuntswana lusondele kakhulu enxulumene lobushushu kunye ephakamileyo nesantya, isiphithiphithi ngakumbi, funda, entropy.

Eyona ndlela ingalawuleki zenkqunto - igesi. Ngoko ke, yokusabela apho isixa igesi aya kunyuka, ingeniso kunye ukwanda entropy. Umzekelo, sokonakalisa le calcium carbonate. Kodwa ukufumana amanzi oksijini kunye hydrogen kunzima kakhulu, ukususela entropy kunciphisa.

Ukuba ibalwa kwifomula Gibbs amandla, oko kuthathwa, nokuba indlela aqhubeke kule lobushushu. Kodwa ke nje ngeke isebenze ukufunda, mhlawumbi ukuze kube nangoku uqale, kufuneka kuvala okanye kubushushu ethile. Ukubala hhayi ngoba, nangona sebekhomba loo nto "isisombululo" sokungamelani elinikiweyo. Kodwa ukuba obizwa yemichiza ibonisa ukuba indlela yi "disabled", ngoko ke akukho sizathu sokuba bafune ukuba kulwandiso ubunzima - kusekho akukho nto yenzekayo.

Echazwe isayensi ngayo ngokusondeleyo enxulumene obizwa zizonke, nto leyo isebe yemvelo, kwaye uchaza iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo kweli hlabathi abasingqongileyo. abantu ukwazi ukufumanisa ezibangela ngeziganeko ezininzi, abanye bahlale imfihlo ngonaphakade. Yithi, obizwa bade ubungqina bobukho bukaThixo ...