Yonke kunye Higgs boson

Emva kofakelo Large Hadron Collider (LHC) kunye yokuqala imizamo ukuqalisa ufakelo, ekuhlaleni waqalisa ekusasazeni imbono yokuba LHC kuza ingozi. zesayensi Nuclear wayenethemba ukufunda ukuziphatha kwamasuntswana kunye ezifunyaniswe ezintsha physics, kunye nabantu abaninzi abangaqhelananga kwisifundo, phezu koko, ndiliphulaphule zamabali, ukupeyinta kwimisebenzi yakhe nezibangelwa ezahlukeneyo (ukubonakala emngxunyeni omnyama, a dubulo buhlungu, njalo njalo). Noko ke, emva komzuzwana emva kokuqalisa uthotho amalinge, kwacaca ukuba iingozi ezininzi kwaba nasihlahla.

Kodwa ehlotyeni ka-2012, xa kwabhengezwa ukuba ebudeni enye yemifuniselo, nabenzi boluvo ezimbini kwakubhalwe Higgs boson, nkqu ababengakholwa bangi ziye zatshintsha isimo sabo kule projekthi LHC. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izazinzulu Lumkela kakhulu malunga kwisuntswana entsha, uphambuke iingxelo elikhulu. Inyaniso yokuba yafunyanwa i Higgs boson, omnye kokubhaliweyo okungenanto ayitsho. Ithi kwisuntswana entsha efana kakhulu ukuya boson kwizityholo, kodwa izigqibo zokugqibela iyafuneka uphando ngakumbi.

Yintoni i "Higgs boson"? I-Standard Model (SM) wezenzululwazi bamasuntswana sabaqalayo, esebenzisa ngoku ucacisa iimpawu zonke izinto eziphathekayo, esekelwe kwimithetho emine ebalulekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo yonke kwindalo kuxhomekeke iintlobo ezine leendibano - strong, ababuthathaka, umoya kunye omxhuzulane. Ezinye amasuntswana Nkwali afunyanwa nezingqinekayo. Ngoko ke, intsebenziswano eyomeleleyo kudluliselwa gluons; noxanduva bosons ezibuthathaka Z and W; kunye gamma ababandakanyekayo zothutho radiation electromagnetic. Kuba womxhuzulane, zibuye zibe gravitons uxanduva zexeshana (mhlawumbi baya kufumaneka kungekudala). Ngokusekelwe ubalo kwi Early Universe, owayebonakele ngoko nangoko emva kokuba i-Big Bang, onke amasuntswana waba ubunzima yaye intsebenziswano twatsa electroweak. Noko ke, kokuma zibonisa ukuba oku asikho - yamasuntswana ngamnye (ngaphandle gluons kunye photons), inobunzima ethile ukuphumla. ayiphikisani ocacileyo phakathi ithiyori practice.

Ukufanisa izibalo yeengcingane, kuye hypothesized ubukho yenye into ebalulekileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba uthixo yamasuntswana okanye Higgs boson. Ngenxa impembelelo yayo, uninzi amasuntswana nezakhiwo iye okunokubhaliswa Ngoku ubunzima Ezinye. Ekukholelwa ukuba Higgs ivelisa ngeenxa ngokwayo intsimi ethile omele omnye amasuntswana. Higgs endle ligcwele indalo yonke, kuyehla amasuntswana, nokubanika lukhulu. It angamelwa njenge gel elingqingqwa apho amasuntswana zitshintshele yinxalenye amandla alo liwanike ubunzima. Hi ndlela leyi, igama layo ngenxa yokuba i Higgs Peter Higgs, ngubani na i "nguyise" ye hypothesis le boson.

Kufuneka kuphela ukuba babhalise yamasuntswana banikwa - kunye nemodeli esemgangathweni ziya kuthi kuboniswe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima amanga neqiniso ukuba izibalo ayiniki naluphi na ulwazi ngqo malunga ubunzima boson, okanye amandla akhe. Ngamanye amazwi, le amalinge amandla aphezulu yamasuntswana physics kugqubuthela ngendidi ezininzi lwamaxabiso kunokwenzeka (10 - 1000 GeV). Ukongeza, ngokusekelwe kwiipropati yeengcingane boson ikho sewaka yomzuzwana, phantse nangoko ebolayo ngokwezigaba amasuntswana lula. Ngoko ke uThixo yamasuntswana kungabonwa ngokungangqalanga kuphela - on ngesikali. Amasuntswana LHC ezimbini senyuka saya kwisantya kufutshane amawaka 300 km / s kunye nayo. Kwangaxeshanye oko kwabhalwa ngezenzeko uphawu le Higgs boson. Kodwa kuya kuthatha ezinye wolungiso ngaphezulu eksperimenti phambi kokuba kwizigqibo esichazayo.