Ukusebenzisa iimpawu otshangatshangiswayo ukukhanya. diffraction nothango

Iliza uhlobo ukukhanya sele abangqine ixesha elide. Ukusombulula iingxaki ezibonakalayo badla ukusebenzisa imigaqo ngokukhanya zejiyometri, kodwa iimpawu otshangatshangiswayo ukukhanya ngokubanzi kakhulu kusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo bezenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. Umzekelo woku a diffraction. Ukukwazi ngumtshangatshangiso agobe ngeenxa imiqobo adibane nazo apha endleleni yayo, lubonakala ngokukhanya. Oku kwenzeka xa kunetha amaza phakathi kwenkululeko ekuthiwa-komthunzi yemigca. Le ingcaciso le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa diffraction unika umgaqo Huygens '. Ngokutsho le ngcaciso, ingongoma nganye kwi umendo yomtshangatshangiso evuka, uba yintsika ngamaza aphakamileyo. Nemvulophu kwezi amaza unikwa wavefront isikhundla kwingongoma nganye ezilandelayo ixesha.

Kumzekelo ngumtshangatshangiso moya ngokuqhelekileyo isehlo kwi kumngxuma owenziwe ngendlela ngaphaya screen, ingcamango Huygens, ingongoma nganye yayo yabelwe nakuvula inxalenye wavefront, ukukwazi lokuba abe ngumthombo Amaza lesibini (in a yohlobo olunye isotropic medium ezi ukulenza).

Lwanele ukwakha nemvulophu kwamaza zasesekondari kwindawo ethile ngexesha, ukulandelela lula le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa diffraction wave ngohlangothi emngxunyeni. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba wavefront engena kwindawo ekuthiwa-komthunzi zejometri.

Ukusebenzisa iimpawu diffraction lisetyenziswa kwi isixhobo, ngokuba diffraction lwaso. Ekuhloleni zabo kokuqala ebandakanya le diffraction ukukhanya Dzheyms Gregori wasebenzisa iintsiba njengesiqhelo. Kamva, yena indawo ethile isixhobo optical. Nothango lwaso diffraction ishicilelwa phezu iseti ethile inani elikhulu imigca zilungiswe rhoqo. Ezipilisi kuba kwiindawo zokubeka kunye noqikelelo, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo apho nothango lwaso eziphathekayo.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezikrobeni - iingcinga nengafihliyo. Iqela lokuqala luquka izixhobo ezisebenzisa umphezulu ucinge imivumbo enokusebenziseka. Umphezulu yesibini ngaphaya ezisetyenziswayo apha enokusetyenziswa njengoko eyichukumisa elifeza ilizwi, kunye noqhoqhoqho.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo diffraction lwaso iipropati otshangatshangiswayo zabangelwa ukukhanya. Ukuba ndimaphule grille ukukhanya wave phambi kusetyenziswa omzimba. Ngenxa yoko, kwasekwa ngemiqadi ngamnye ekuthiwa-yokukhanya lwesihloko. Yenzelwa diffraction ngokuthinta, ngaba ziyaphazamisana omnye komnye. Njengoko ukuba kwamaza ezahlukeneyo akholise uphazamiseko ukudala i engile ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo (emiselwe umahluko endleleni kokuphazamisa imiqadi), kufunyanwe imveliso ibolile ibe spectrum ukukhanya emhlophe.

Nothango lwaso diffraction isetyenziswa njenge isixhobo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Oku kusetyenziswa kwizixhobo spectroscopic nendlela ngayo nabizayo of (linear) intshukumo emboxo kwaye njengoko polarizers okanye amacebo infrared. Kwakhona, inokuba yokuchaka umqadi ngenxa interferometers okanye iingongoma iglasi "anti-Boneka".

Kukho diffraction nothango lwaso lobhedu -X-reyi. Yenza kwafumaniseka ukuba abe umsebenzi indlela engenakwenzeka. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, izazinzulu ndahamba ngendlela yokuqala. Kuba yokubola-X reyi ezisetyenzisiweyo crystal ezikrobeni ziikristale ezithile.

Njengoko iimpawu eziphambili ingqalelo isisombululo diffraction lwaso. Umele inani elipheleleyo imigca olunamandla lombane, nto leyo iphindwe ngokomyalelo umqadi ubuninzi. Eli binzana ibhalwe ngaphezulu nje ngoluvo lokuba umahluko phakathi rhoqo mpawu lilingane lwamacala umahluko phakathi kwexesha amathuba yokwaluka reyi kakhulu, kuthiwa ziphazamisa.

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla umzekelo omhle nothango lwaso diffraction unako ukukhonza njenge compact disk okanye Isithebe. Kodwa nokuveliswa kwezixhobo mveliso asebenzisa izixhobo ophezulu zobugcisa ngobuciko eliphezulu.